This study aimed to investigate the stability of posterior corneal surface 2years after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in patients with a residual stromal thickness less than 350μm. In total, 408 eyes of 212 patients (160 women, 52 men) who underwent TPRK were enrolled in this retrospective study. All surgeries were performed in the Amaris 750S excimer laser platform with smart pulse technology. The posterior corneal elevation, anterior chamber depth, Q value, and curvature were measured using Pentacam preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients were followed up for 2years. The relationship between percent tissue altered (PTA), age, and changes in posterior corneal surface was analyzed. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was - 6.80 ± 1.18 D (range: - 9.00 to - 2.63 D). The mean residual stromal thickness was 336.46 ± 7.25μm (range: 310-348μm). The mean PTA was 30.93 ± 2.03% (range: 24.29-35.28%). At 2years after surgery, the elevation of six points in the central area decreased by 1.91 ± 2.97μm, 2.98 ± 3.23μm, 1.17 ± 3.85μm, 1.70 ± 2.88μm, 1.36 ± 3.19μm, and 1.65 ± 3.18μm, compared with the preoperative value (P < 0.05). The elevation of three points in the peripheral area increased by 1.87 ± 6.34μm, 0.68 ± 6.00μm, and 0.95 ± 5.50μm (P < 0.05). There was no significant linear relationship between PTA, age, and changes in posterior corneal surface, anterior chamber depth, and K2 (all P > 0.05). Within 2years after TPRK, the posterior corneal surface remained stable in patients with a residual stromal thickness between 310 and 350μm. There was no sign of iatrogenic ectasia during the follow-up period.