S-propargyl-cysteine Research Articles

S-Propargyl-cysteine, a novel hydrogen sulfide-modulated agent, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial learning and memory impairment: Involvement of TNF signaling and NF-κB pathway in rats

Neuroinflammation exacerbates hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation by generating a plethora of inflammatory mediators and neurotoxic compounds in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it was reported that hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the protective effects of S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by LPS were examined in vivo, and the possible mechanisms were explored. The data showed that SPRC administration by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection may attenuate cognitive impairment induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular (b.i.c.v.) injection of 5 μg of LPS in rats. Subsequently, SPRC prevented a decrease of H 2S levels in rat hippocampus subjected to LPS. Furthermore, SPRC afforded beneficial actions in inhibitions tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Aβ generation, as well as IκB-α degradation and phospho-transcription factors of the nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) activation induced by LPS. These findings suggested that SPRC, a novel H 2S-modulated agent, might be a potential agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as AD.

S-propargyl-cysteine (ZYZ-802), a sulphur-containing amino acid, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive deficits and pro-inflammatory response: involvement of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathway in rats

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) is considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accumulation and aggregation of Aβ peptide in the brains of AD patients result in activation of glial cells which, in turn, initiates neuroinflammatory responses that involve reactive oxygen intermediates and release of inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, the protective effects of S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC), also named as ZYZ-802, a sulphur-containing amino acid, on cognitive impairment and neuronal ultrastructure damage induced by Aβ were examined in rats, and the possible mechanisms were explored. These data showed that SPRC administration at the doses of 40, 80 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) may inhibit cognitive impairment and neuronal ultrastructure damage induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 10 μg of Aβ(25-35) in rats. Subsequently, SPRC inhibited the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA, and protein in rat hippocampus. SPRC afforded a beneficial action on inhibitions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), as well as inhibitions of IκB-α degradation and activation of transcription factors of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) produced by Aβ. These findings suggested that SPRC might be a potential agent for treatment of AD.

S-propargyl-cysteine Protects Both Adult Rat Hearts and Neonatal Cardiomyocytes From Ischemia/Hypoxia Injury: The Contribution of the Hydrogen Sulfide-Mediated Pathway

In this study, we determined the cardioprotective effects of S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC), a structural analog of S-allylcysteine (SAC), using in vivo models of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and in vitro hypoxic cardiomyocytes models. MI was created in rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Plasma enzymes levels and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) activities were determined. Primary cultures of newborn rats' cardiomyocytes were injured by hypoxia for 6 h. Cell viabilities were measured with the thiazolyl blue assay. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed the expression of CSE in both models. The protective effects of SPRC were associated with an observed reduction in infarct size (20.8 +/- 2.4% vs. 36.0 +/- 1.3%), decreased plasma enzymes levels and reduced malondialdehyde levels when compared to the MI vehicle group (P < 0.05); cardiac function was also improved. SPRC increased CSE activity and plasma H2S concentration by 1.6-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, in MI rats. Decreased cell viability (64.5 +/- 5.4%) in hypoxic cardiomyocytes could be rescued with use of SPRC (81.0 +/- 3.1%). Similarly, mRNA and protein expression of CSE were upregulated in the SPRC group. Treatment with the CSE inhibitor propargylglycine abolished the protective effects of SPRC. Our study provides novel evidence that SPRC is protective in myocardial infarctions via a H2S-related pathway.