Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale Research Articles

DO INTERNALIZED AGE STEREOTYPES MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTEERING AND PURPOSE IN LIFE FOR ADULTS 50+?

Abstract The productive aging literature suggests that volunteering plays a crucial role in enhancing psychosocial well-being among older adults. A growing body of research based in stereotype embodiment theory also demonstrates significant negative health impacts of internalized age stereotypes. Yet, limited research explores which social engagement activities may both reduce internalized ageism and enhance psychosocial health as people age. This cross-sectional study investigated whether internalized age stereotypes mediate the relationship between volunteering and a sense of purpose in life for adults 50+. A convenience sample of volunteers (n = 154) 50+ years of age living in the U.S. Mountain West completed a 15-minute, online survey. The independent variable was number of volunteer hours per week (mean = 6.39, SD = 5.47). The dependent variable was purpose in life measured by six items from the positively worded, five-point purpose in life subscale of the Ryff psychological well-being scale (α = .75; mean = 3.93, SD = 0.61). Drawing from the self-stereotypes of aging scale, the indirect effects of five internalized positive (e.g., “wise” and “capable”) and five negative (e.g., “grumpy” and “helpless”) age stereotypes were tested. Results indicate that increased internalized positive, not negative, age stereotypes partially mediated the relationship between volunteer hours and purpose in life while holding constant age, gender, race, functional limitation, education, employment, self-rated health, and previous volunteer experience. The findings suggest that internalizing positive age stereotypes may function as a form of esteem and contribute to an enhanced sense of purpose in later life.

Exploring the interconnection between adverse childhood experiences and psychological well-being of emerging adults in a rural community in Lagos, Nigeria

There has been an increase in the study of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their related outcomes in recent years. The current study explored the interconnections between ACEs and psychological wellbeing among emerging adults in a rural community in Lagos. The specific objectives were to establish the correlations between all the dimensions of ACEs and psychological wellbeing and check the predictive role of all the sub-conventional ACEs on psychological wellbeing. Three hundred seventy-eight high and tertiary school emerging adults were selected through a non-probabilistic sampling method. The ten conventional ACEs and Ryff's Psychological wellbeing scales were used to assess the respondents. Zero-order correlation and multiple regression were used to test the hypothesis. The results revealed that adverse childhood experience was significantly related to psychological wellbeing, which means that the higher the number of ACEs, the lower an individual's psychological wellbeing. Also, all the dimensions of ACEs significantly predict psychological wellbeing except verbal abuse (p =.160) and physical abuse (p =.515). ACEs were prevalent among emerging adults in rural communities and had deleterious effects on their psychological wellbeing. More work is needed in advocacies because several people do not know that physical and verbal abuse can affect the psychological wellbeing of emerging adults. Therefore, there is a need to develop various culturally appropriate assessment practices, interventions, and policy responses to the menace.

Ценностные ориентации в психологическом благополучии подростка: итоги структурного моделирования

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The study is aimed at identifying the contribution of value orientations to the psychological well-being in older adolescents. The structural modeling method (SEM) tested hypotheses about the relationship between subjective well-being, various personal characteristics and value orientations. The study involved 2647 students of professional educational organizations aged 16 to 19 years (mean age=17±1 years, median=17 years), of which 734 people (28%) were female, 1913 were male. Subjective well-being was measured using WHO-5 Well-Being Index and Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being. To assess personal characteristics, the Muddy hardiness test, the Tromsø Social Intelligence Questionnaire, and the BPAQ Bass-Perry Aggressiveness Questionnaire were selected. To study value orientations, Schwartz Value Survey was used. Modeling results show that values content and interrelations not only do not contribute to subjective well-being, but are also an "extra" component. The best model (TLI=0,90; SRMR=0,04; GFI=0,95; RMSEA=0,05) shows that the main contribution to the subjective well-being of a person is made by the degree of correspondence between the value orientations of the individual and the reference group (in the country, environment, etc.): if ideas about what values should be coincide with those a person has, then his/her subjective well-being increases.</span></p>

Teenagers’ Well-Being through Family Leisure Activities

The rise in mental health issues and suicide rates among adolescents in Indonesia emphasizes the significance of prioritizing adolescent mental health. One key contributor to mental health issues and suicide among adolescents is the family unit. The psychological well-being of adolescents is linked to the dynamics of dual-earner families. The study seeks the correlation between family engagement in leisure activities and adolescents' psychological well-being from dual-income households in Indonesia. The research method employed is correlational. The study cohort comprises 173 adolescents from dual-income households selected through accidental sampling. Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWBS) measured family participation in leisure activities and subsequent psychological well-being. The results of the Spearman-rank correlation test revealed a significant positive association between family engagement in leisure activities and psychological well-being dimensions such as autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance (rs= 0.237-0.294, p< 0.01). The results also showed no correlation between family involvement in leisure activities and personal growth (rs= 0.880, p= 0.295). Therefore, increased family involvement in leisure time corresponds to enhanced psychological well-being for adolescents in dual-earner families. Parents who work should organize routine activities and leisure time with their teenagers, which promote self-expression, values transfer, and improved family members’ psychological well-being.

Personality Trait, Intolerance Of Uncertainty, And Psychological Well-Being In Palembang City Students In Facing Vuca

The VUCA era is an era of life that is described as a situation full of change, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity which has a negative impact on humans psychologically by decreasing the psychological well-being of society, especially students. Previous research found that psychological well-being is affected by intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in individuals. Other studies have also found that personality traits are factors that influence IU in individuals. This study aims to examine the effect of personality traits (OCEAN) on the psychological well-being of students via intolerance of uncertainty in Palembang City students who are affected by VUCA. Data was collected from 106 students in Palembang City using Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale version 18 item (RPWB-18), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale version 12 item (IU-12), and Big Five Inventory - 2 (BFI-2) version of 30 items adapted to Indonesian and tested. The results showed that IU, and the personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness had a significant effect on psychological well-being. Meanwhile, IU was significantly influenced by the personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion. However, the results of the study did not find any indirect influence of personality traits on psychological well-being through intolerance of uncertainty (IU).

The mediating effect of forgiveness on the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being in adults with history of childhood bullying

The long-term effects of childhood bullying on psychological well-being in adulthood have recently gained attention in research. This study examines the complex dynamics of the phenomenon by investigating the role of forgiveness as a mediator in the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being among individuals who experienced bullying during their childhood. A purposive sample of 202 participants aged 19-40, who were bullied between the ages of 6-18, were recruited. The measurements used in the study included the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (⍺ = .77) to measure psychological well-being; the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (⍺ = .82) to measure forgiveness; the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (⍺ = .94) to measure the spirituality of the participants; and the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (⍺ = .71) as a screening tool to confirm participants' experiences of bullying. Through mediation regression analysis with 5000 bootstrap samples using Macro PROCESS by Hayes, forgiveness emerged as a significant full mediator (β = .318, p .05, 95% CI: .212, .438). The study provides evidence that forgiveness enhances psychological well-being, suggesting that implementing a forgiveness program could reduce the long-term effect of childhood bullying.

Pengaruh harga diri terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis dan kesepian pada Mahasiswa

International students studying abroad face various challenges such as having to adapt to different socio-culturalconditions. This can affect psychological well-being, which can hinder the academic process. Factors that are thought toaffect psychological well-being are self-esteem and loneliness. The subjects in this study were 122 Indonesian studentsfrom various levels of education who were studying abroad. The scales used were Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Analysis in this study uses PROCESS Hayes 4.0mediation. Results showed loneliness mediated the relationship of the effect of self-esteem on psychological well-being.This shows that the important influence of self-esteem on psychological well-being occurs directly or indirectly mediatedby loneliness. The higher the self-esteem, the lower the loneliness, and then the better the psychological well-being.

Prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among young adults: A cross-sectional study

Background: Prosocial behaviors are considered important moral and social behavior. Various researchers have found that prosocial behavior increases well-being; research is scarce on the effects of prosocial behavior on psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among adults. Aim: The present study investigated the relationship between prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, and positive and negative affect on adults. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 adults (19–25 years) males and females. Snowball and incidental sampling method is used for data collection. The tools used for the study are the Prosocial Personality Battery, Ryff's psychological well-being scale, and the positive and negative affect scale. Results: A positive correlation was found between prosocial behavior and psychological well-being (0.396 which is significant at 0.01 level). A positive correlation was also observed between prosocial behavior and positive affect (0.274 which is significant at 0.01 level). A negative correlation was found between prosocial behavior and negative affect (−0.191 which is significant at 0.05 level). Conclusion: People involved in Prosocial behavior showed a positive correlation with Psychological well-being and positive affect and a negative correlation with negative affects.

A - 79 Coping and Psychological Well-Being among Persons with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: the Role of Self-Efficacy.

To explore self-efficacy as a possible mediator in the relationship between adaptive coping and psychological well-being (PWB) in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). 174 persons with RRMS (95% Female) completed an online survey consisting of psychosocial questionnaires. The COPE Inventory was used to create an adaptive coping composite that accounts for the relative contributions of both active and avoidant coping. Self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scales captured several domains of PWB: Positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test whether self-efficacy mediated the association between adaptive coping and each PWB subscale, using 5000 bootstrap samples to estimate confidence intervals. In each mediational model, adaptive coping significantly predicted each PWB subscale and self-efficacy (all p's ≤ 0.001). Self-efficacy significantly predicted each PWB subscale (p ≤ 0.001). After controlling for self-efficacy, the associations between adaptive coping and positive relations with others (indirect effect = 0.021, 95% CI [0.011, 0.033]) and autonomy (indirect effect = 0.019, 95% CI [0.011, 0.028]) became non-significant. The separate associations between adaptive coping and purpose in life (p = 0.004), self-acceptance (p = 0.026), and personal growth (p < 0.001) remained significant, despite controlling for self-efficacy. Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationships between adaptive coping and positive relations with others and autonomy in our sample of persons with RRMS. Interventions aimed at increasing adaptive coping skills and self-efficacy may improve relations with others and autonomy among persons with MS.

The 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale: psychometric properties based on classical test theory and item response theory.

Psychological wellbeing is conceptualized as the full engagement and optimal performance in existential challenges of life. Our understanding of psychological wellbeing is important for us humans to survive, adapt, and thrive during the challenges of the 21st century. Hence, the measurement of psychological wellbeing is one cornerstone for the identification and treatment of both mental illness and health promotion. In this context, Ryff operationalized psychological wellbeing as a six-dimensional model of human characteristics: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth, autonomy, and purpose in life. Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale has been developed and translated into different versions. Here, we examine and describe the psychometric properties of the 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The data used in the present study was earlier published elsewhere and consists of 768 participants (279 women and 489 men). In addition to the 18-item version of the scale, participants answered the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Background and Health Questionnaire. We examined, the 18-item version's factor structure using different models and its relationship with subjective wellbeing, sociodemographic factors (e.g., education level, gender, age), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, frequency of doing exercise, and exercise intensity), and health issues (i.e., pain and sleeping problems). We also analyzed measurement invariance with regard to gender. Moreover, as an addition to the existing literature, we analyzed the properties of the 18 items using Graded Response Model (GRM). Although the original six-factor structure showed a good fit, both CTT and IRT indicated that a five-factor model, without the purpose in life subscale, provided a better fit. The results supported the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the 18-item Swedish version. Moreover, invariance testing showed similar measurement precision by the scale across gender. Finally, we found several items, especially the purpose in life's item "I live life one day at a time and do not really think about the future," that might need revision or modification in order to improve measurement. A five-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of psychological wellbeing in the general Swedish population. With some modifications, the scale might achieve enough accuracy to measure the more appropriate and correct six-dimensional theoretical framework as detailed by Ryff. Fortunately, Ryff's original version contains 20 items per subscale and should therefore act as a perfect pool of items in this endeavor.

The potential role of executive functions in prediction of psychological outcomes and cognitive performance among Thai teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic

Brain executive functions (EFs) play a key role in both positive and negative impact on human psychological outcomes. This present study investigated the potential effects of executive impairment (EI) on stress, burnout, well-being, and working memory among teachers during Covid-19 pandemic. We recruited 448 male and female teachers from eastern regions of Thailand using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected at schools with research instruments, including Teacher Primarily Data Questionnaire, Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Suanprung Stress Test-20 (SPST-20), Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and Letter Number Sequencing (LNS). Statistical analyses were performed with descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and structural equation analysis (SEM). Results showed that dysfunctions in EFs could predict stress (21.9%). EI and stress could predict burnout (44.8%). EI with stress and burnout could predict working memory (11.9%) and well-being (48.7%). Problems related to EFs showed the direct effect on stress, burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p &lt; .001) with the direct effects of .47, .23, -.38, and -.30, respectively. Furthermore, problems related to EFs showed the indirect effect on burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p &lt; .001) with the indirect effects of .24, -.24, and .12, respectively. Therefore, EFs could predict psychological outcomes and cognitive performance, for example working memory. In conclusion, EFs play the key role in psychological and behavioral management during the pandemic. This data can be used for planning and designing the effective EFs training program to subsequently promote psychological outcomes and cognition among teachers.

The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Sustainable Corporate Strategies: A Typological Approach

Psychological well-being is an important factor in optimal functioning for individuals and organizations. It is associated with a number of positive outcomes, such as increased productivity, improved health, and decreased stress. Sustainable corporate strategies are those that are designed to protect the environment and promote social equity while also generating profits. They are becoming increasingly important as businesses face pressure from stakeholders to operate in a more responsible way. This study explored the relationship between psychological well-being and sustainable corporate strategies using a typological approach. A sample of 1,110 respondents completed the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being and a self-assessment questionnaire about their attitudes towards sustainable corporate strategies. The results of the study revealed six personality types: Dependent under-controller; Accepting under-controller; Independent under-controller; Understanding over-controller; Accepting over-controller; Independent over-controller. These personality types were found to be associated with different levels of support for sustainable corporate strategies. The results of this study prove that there is a positive relationship between psychological well-being and support for sustainable corporate strategies. Individuals who have higher levels of psychological well-being are more likely to be supportive of sustainable corporate strategies because they believe that they are the right thing to do and that they can make a difference. This study has important implications for businesses that are considering adopting sustainable corporate strategies. Businesses that want to gain support for their sustainable corporate strategies should focus on creating a work environment that promotes psychological well-being. This can be done by providing employees with opportunities for autonomy, mastery, growth, relationships, purpose, and self-acceptance. Keywords: Psychological well-being, sustainable corporate strategies, typology

The Effect of Distress Tolerance Training on Problematic Internet Use and Psychological Wellbeing Among Faculty Nursing Students: A Randomized Control Trial.

Distress tolerance skills have the potential to decrease problematic internet use and improve psychological wellbeing by cognitive reframing and goal-oriented problem-solving. To assess the impact of distress tolerance training on problematic internet use and psychological wellbeing among university nursing students. A randomized control trial used at the faculty of nursing using simple random sampling method. Tools: Distress Tolerance Scale, problematic internet use questionnaire, and Ryff psychological wellbeing scale. Data were collected from 60 nursing students over a period of 4 months. Distress tolerance level was increased among study group from 20.75±14.29 to 72.75±24.09 and sustained for 3 months to 62.44 ±20.77 with statistically significant (f=7.090, p=0.006) and large effect size 0.75. When compared to no change among the control group as mean scare start by 22.35±14.29 to 23.44±16.09 and after 3 months to 21.75± 17.44 with insignificant difference (f=0.454, p=0.574). The mean score of problematic internet use shows highly statistically significant decrement in the study group between three period of time (pretest= 62.93, immediately post= 52.13, and post 3 months=52.70) with large effect size 0.78 (f=95.029, p<0.001), in compared to control group that showed insignificant no changes (pretest= 64.0±14.54, immediately post= 63.13±12.87, and post 3 months=63.53±11.36) with (f=1.012, p=0.332). In addition, the total mean score of psychological well-being was increased immediately after therapy and later for three months of therapy (pretest= 128.47, immediately post=148.77, and post 3 months= 153.60) with highly statistically significant (f=41.197, p<0.001) with effect size 0.85, compared to no change among control group (pretest=125.97±32.58, immediately post= 126.23±30.86, and post 3 months=126.43±29.78) with (f=0.208, p=0.698). Efficacy of distress tolerance skills intervention had been proven in altering poor psychological wellbeing among students with problematic internet use. It helps students to learn new skills and use more adaptive strategies to overcome distress tolerance difficulties.

Effectiveness of Psychosocial Intervention and Psychoeducation in Improving Psychological Well-being and Cognitive Functioning in Caregivers of Substance Use Issues: A Pilot Study.

Family caregivers of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) face significant challenges that can impact their well-being, coping abilities, and cognitive functioning. However, the empowerment of these caregivers often goes unnoticed, highlighting the need for supportive interventions. To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a one-on-one intervention program for family caregivers of SUD patients using pre-test and post-test assessments. A pilot study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial design with 40 family caregivers of individuals with SUD. Through a lottery method, participants were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental groups, with each group consisting of 20 caregivers. The intervention program consisted of 12 one-on-one sessions. Pre-test and post-test assessments utilized the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale, Ways of Coping, revised by Lazarus and Folkman, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups in psychological well-being, cognitive functioning, coping, anxiety, and stress (p < .01). The one-on-one intervention program significantly improved well-being and coping skills while reducing anxiety and stress levels. Consequently, the program empowered caregivers and enhanced their psychological resilience in the caregiving process. The findings support the effectiveness of the one-on-one intervention program in enhancing the well-being, coping skills, cognitive functioning, anxiety, and stress levels of family caregivers of individuals with SUD. This intervention program has the potential to empower caregivers and enable them to better cope with the challenges they face in providing care.

Model of psychosocial determinants of health in processes of social exclusion.

The substantial increase in the number of families facing social exclusion in Europe and its direct relationship with health inequities is a challenge for studies approaching the social determinants of health and policies dealing with welfare and social inclusion. We start from the premise that reducing inequality (SDG10), has a value and contributes on other goals such as improving health and well-being (SDG3), ensuring quality education (SDG4), promoting gender equality (SDG5) and decent work (SDG8). In this study, we identify disruptive risk factors and psychological and social well-being factors that influence self-perceived health in trajectories of social exclusion. The research materials used a checklist of exclusion patterns, life cycles and disruptive risk factors, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Ryff's Psychological Well-being (PWB) Scale and Keyes' Social Well-being Scale. The sample consists of 210 people (aged between 16 and 64 years): 107 people in a situation of social inclusion and 103 people in a situation of social exclusion. The data treatment involved statistical analysis, including correlation study and multiple regression analysis, aimed at developing a model of psychosocial factors that may act as health modulators, considering social factors as predictors in the regression model. The results showed that individuals in the sample, in a situation of social exclusion, have a greater accumulation of disruptive risk factors, and these are related to having fewer psychosocial and cognitive resources to cope with stressful situations: less self-acceptance, less mastery of the environment, less purpose in life, less level of social integration and social acceptance. Finally, analysis showed that in the absence of social integration and purpose in life, self-perceived health statuses decline. This work allows us to use the model obtained as a basis for confirming that there are dimensions of psychological and social well-being that should be considered stress-buffering factors in trajectories of social exclusion. These findings can help design psychoeducational programs for prevention and intervention with the aim of improving psychological adjustment and health states, as well as to promote proactive and reactive policies to reduce health inequalities.

The Psychological Well-Being of Male and Female Students in Tunisia Using the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being

The paper aimed to identify the nature and most important psychological problems suffered by young university students and to identify gender differences in psychological problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in the psychological well-being of male and female Tunisian undergraduate students. In this research, 300 students (150 male and 150 female students) from three Tunisian universities were included as the study sample. Data was collected using the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being. T-test was used to find the difference in psychological well-being between male and female students. The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between males and females in all measures of the multiple facets of psychological well-being.

Psychological wellbeing in adult adoptees: current age and developmental tasks.

Studies about adult adoptees are normally focused on the differences in adjustment difficulties between them and non-adoptees. However, there has been less research about adoptees' positive and developmental adjustment in adulthood. The aim of this study is to test a model of the mediating role of adoptees' achievement of adulthood tasks in the relationship between current age and psychological wellbeing. The sample consisted of 117 adults who were adopted as children by Spanish families. Their current mean age is 28.3 years. Participants underwent an interview and completed Ryff's Psychological WellBeing Scales. Findings show that current age is directly and negatively related to psychological wellbeing [c' = -0.039, 95% CI (-0.078, -0.001)], and the relationship between these variables is mediated by adoptees' achievement of adulthood tasks [indirect effect = 0.035, 95% CI (.014, 0.059)]. The findings support traditional theories about transitioning to adulthood, and adds relevant information about this transition in adoptees. Moreover, this work indicates a new way of assessing adoption success, based on long-term measures and normative variables. Services providers should account for the importance of supporting young people on their life transitions and promoting their wellbeing, especially among those who started from disadvantaged contexts.

The Effectiveness of Group Positive Psychotherapy on Psychological Well-Being and Hope of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Background: Cancer leads to fear and anxiety and reduces mental health in patients soon after its diagnosis. Hence, it is imperative to examine therapeutic steps toward promoting the psychological conditions of these patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy (PPT) on the psychological well-being and hope of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.&#x0D; Methods: The study was a single-blind clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all patients referring to Taleghani Hospital of Tehran in 2020. Thirty patients were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group learned PPT in six sessions held once a week and the control group received no intervention. Demographic forms, Ryff's psychological well-being scale (RPWBS-18), and Snyder’s hope scale (SHS-12) were used to collect data, which were analyzed by the Chi-square and ANCOVA tests run in the SPSS-20 software.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that PPT enhanced psychological well-being (F = 9.29) and hope (F = 8.28) among patients with cancer (P&lt;0.01). Moreover, the effect size of the PPT was 29% for psychological well-being and 27% for hope.&#x0D; Conclusion: The PPT is effective in promoting the psychological health of cancer patients. Thus, this cost-effective therapy can be used in healthcare centers to promote the psychological health of these patients.&#x0D;

Psychometric assessment of the Persian version of the protective factors of resilience scale (PFRS).

Resilience is defined as an individual's ability to recover from difficulties and overcome challenges and adversity. Recognizing and measuring internal and external protective factors have been identified as important processes for building resilience, yet to date, no valid, and reliable scales of resilience in the Persian language have been developed that recognize both internal and external protective factors. The present study was to translate the protective factors of resilience scale (PFRS) from English to Persian and analyze its psychometric properties among Iranians. Convenience sampling was used to gather data from January 2021 to February 2021 through digital internet scales, and 6 scales, including PFRS, Ryff's psychological well-being scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, life orientation test-revised, positive and negative affect schedule, and short version of resilience scale (RS), were completed by 265 participants aged from 15 to 56. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of protective factors of resilience scale among Iranians. The results of the face, content, and construct validity revealed that the Persian version of the PFRS measure had acceptable validity and reliability. The Cronbach alpha for the whole scale was 0.88, and the value of the content validity index was above 0.7. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure model of the scale (fit indices: CMIN/df=2.51, p<.01; comparative fit index=0.94, goodness of fit index=0.90, root mean squared error of approximation=0.07). In conclusion, the Persian version of the protective factors of resilience is a reliable and valid measurement to assess the protective factors and internal and external protective factors of resilience in Iranians.

Cross-Cultural Efficacy of the Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Program (ACRIP) on the Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms of Selected Asian Adolescents.

Empirical evidence shows that Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) with poor psychological well-being increases. IGD hasbecome an emerging issue of significant public health concern andthe World Health Organization has recently recognized it as a mental health condition. This study examined the efficacy of the Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Program (ACRIP) in reducing the symptoms of IGD and improving the psychological well-being of adolescent gamers from select Asian cultures after proving it effective in a prior study in the Indian setting. The development of the ACRIP employed a sequential exploratory research design and randomized controlled trial on thirty participants. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGDS9-SF) and Ryff's Psychological well-being (PWB) scales were used to measure the severity of the gaming disorder and the state of psychological health of the experimental and control groups. Power analysis ascertained the study with a power of 0.90, indicating a strong probability of obtaining a statistically significant effect. Statistical analyses using paired t-test and MANOVA on post-test mean scores on IGD and PWB of the experimental group showed a significant difference which suggested that the ACRIP is efficacious and culture-free.