Rye Complex Research Articles

Effect of long-term differentiated fertilization with farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers on the content of available forms of P, K and Mg in soil

The investigations were carried out in 20022005, on proper grey-brown podsoilic soil originating from light loam (class IIIa in the soil valuation system, very good rye complex), on the basis of a two-factor experiment established in 1986 according to the random block design with four replications. The arable horizon of the soil, before the experiment, was characterized by slightly acidic reaction (pH 1 mol KCl dm-3 was 6.2) and the concentrations of available nutrients were as follows: 100.0 mg K, 53.2 mg Mg and 41.3 mg P kg-1 of soil. Soil samples for chemical tests were collected from the arable layer after harvesting crops grown in a rotation: sugar beet, spring barley, maize and spring wheat. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium were determined by Egner-Riehm method (DL), and that of manganese using Schachtschabel’s method. The purpose of the study has been to determine the influence of mineral fertilization with or without FYM on the content of available macronutrients in soil. The statistical analysis of the results have shown a significant influence of manure on the level of available P, K and Mg in the tested soil. When both FYM and mineral fertilizers were introduced to soil, its abundance in available magnesium was 2.6-fold higher than after mineral fertilization alone had been applied. FYM raised nearly 3-fold the content of available forms of potassium in soil compared to the content found when only mineral fertilization was used.

Effect of the GWDA compost and PRP sol fertilisation on the total content of nickel, manganese and lead and their soluble forms in soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik near Stargard Szczecinski in 2008-2009. It was set up on soil classified as soil quality class IVa and good rye complex (5). In the study, the GWDA compost produced at the Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant in Stargard Szczecinski was used. This compost was characterised by neutral reaction (pH H2O 7.15). The total content of heavy metals, which limits its possible use as fertiliser, did not exceed the standards given in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Official Journal of Law No. 119, item 765 of 2008). Compost doses were determined based on the total nitrogen content. It was assumed that 100 kg N ha –1 was added to soil with the 1 st dose, 200 kg N with the 2 nd dose, and 300 kg N with the 3rd dose. The experiment was carried out in two series: with and without addition of the active substance PRP SOL. In autumn 2007, respective compost doses were introduced into soil on established plots according to the experimental design. The active substance PRP SOL was applied at a 150 kg ha –1 dose before sowing or seeding test plants. The whole experimental area was fertilised with multicomponent fertiliser Polifoska 6 in a 200 kg ha–1 dose in 2008 and 2009. Due to a small content of nitrogen in Polifoska 6 (6% N), top-dressing nitrogen fertilisation was applied in the form of urea (46% N) at a 100 kg N ha –1 dose. The test plants were winter wheat cultivar Korweta in 2008 and spring rape cultivar Bosman in 2009. The results indicate that the total average manganese, lead and nickel content in soil increased by 15.1%, 5.0% and 3.0%, respectively, under organic fertilisation with and without the active substance compared to the initial content. In the course of time, manganese, nickel and lead content decreased to a different extent. This resulted from these microelements being taken up by the cultivated crop or their leaching outside the rhizo

Content and uptake of phosphorus and calcium with the yield of potato tubers depending on cultivation operations

In 2002-2004, a study was carried out, based on a field experiment set up on soil of very good rye complex. The experiment was designed as randomized sub-blocks with three replications. Two methods of soil tillage, conventional and simplified tillage, and seven weeding methods such as application of the following herbicides 1) control object – without herbicides, 2) Plateen 41,5 WG , 3) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 4) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC, 5) Barox 460 SL, 6) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 7) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC), constituted experimental factors. Phosphorus content in the tubers of cultivar Wiking potato was determined by colorimetry and calcium was tested by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (AAS). Phosphorus and calcium content and their uptake with tubers yield significantly depended on the tillage methods and weed control methods as well as weather conditions in the study years. Potato tubers from the simplified tillage cultivation had more phosphorus than tubers whose cultivation was based on the conventional tillage, in contrast to calcium, which was more abundant in tubers from the conventional method. The herbicides significantly reduced the phosphorus content and increased the calcium content compared with the control object. Phosphorus and calcium uptake by potato was significantly higher in the conventionally tilled treatments compared with the simplified method, and in the herbicide-treated plots compared with the mechanically cultivated control treatment.

Plant communities of cultivated fields of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion. Part 4. Stubble field communites of compact soils

Patches of the association <i>Echinochloo</i>-<i>Setarietum typicum</i>, subvariant with <i>Veronica persica</i> (<i>Panico</i>-<i>Setarion</i> alliance), two associations from the <i>Polygono</i>-<i>Chenopodion</i> alliance: <i>Oxalido</i>-<i>Chenopodietum</i> and <i>Galinsogo</i>-<i>Setarietum</i>, as well as the community with <i>Veronica persica</i>, were noted on compact soils of the stubble fields in the area of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion. The occurrence of <i>Echinochloo</i>-<i>Setarietum typicum</i> subvariant with <i>Veronica persica</i> and the community with <i>Veronica persica</i> was frequently observed in the studied area on fertile, loamy soils included in the wheat complex (good and imperfect), rye complex (very good and good) and corn-fodder strong complex. Phytocenoses of <i>Galinsogo</i>-<i>Setarietum</i> dominated by plants of the genus <i>Galinsoga</i>, especially by <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, were also frequently noted on fertile habitats near farm buildings. Patches of <i>Oxalido</i>-<i>Chenopodietum</i> were observed more seldom in the studied area. They were developing on fertile alluvial soils and black earths along the river.

The influence of Effective Microorganisms EM® application on health status of spring wheat growing in short-term monocultureWpływ stosowania Efektywnych Mikroorganizmów EM® na zdrowotność pszenicy jarej uprawianej w krótkotrwałej monokulturze

Summary The studies were conducted in the Experimental Stadion Swojec at the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wroclaw in 2007–2009 on alluvial soil of very good rye complex. Two factorial experiments were set up with the split-block method in 4 replications. Tillage and site regenerative practices were the factors studied in the field experiment while the dose of EM® and method of seed dressing in the microplot experiment. The basic objective of studies was the assessment of a potential effect of tillage systems and EM ® doses on reduction of plant diseases infection as well as the possibilities of EM® application in crop production. The three-year studies did not show any explicit positive effects of EM® on health status of spring wheat grown in a short-term monoculture.

Population and species composition of weed under differentiated conditions of weed control method

The results presented in this paper were obtained in the field experminent carried out in the years 1999-2001 on a soil a very good rye complex. In this experiment definited number of weeds and their floristic species composition. The application of mixtures herbicides decreased of number of weeds as compared with the number obtained for mechanical control of 397-500% at the beginning of the vegetation and of 180-220% prior to tubers harvest. The herbicides reduced the composition of weed species, moreover.

NODULACJA ŁUBINU ŻÓŁTEGO (Lupinus luteus L.) W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD PRZEDPLONU, SZCZEPIENIA NASION Bradyrhizobium lupini I GENISTEINY

A strict two-factor field ‘Mister’ yellow lupin experiment was made in a split-plot design in poor rye complex soil (soil valuation class IVb) at the Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, the University of Technology and Life Sciences at Mochełek over 2008-2011. The experiment design covered 2 factors: growing yellow lupin after intercrops of ‘Bardena’ white mustard and ‘Pastar’ winter rye as well as seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium lupini with or without genistein added. Growing intercrops in the poor rye complex soil considerably decreased neither the Nmin content in early spring nor the size of nodulation in yellow lupin. After lupin harvest, slightly more Nmin was noted for the treatments where intercrops were applied, especially rye in the 0-30 cm layer. The weather pattern, especially moisture conditions, pointed to a special sensitivity of nodulation to water deficit or excess in the rhizosphere. The method of preparing seeds for sowing did not play a greater role in developing the Nmin content in both soil profile layers analysed. White mustard showed a negative effect on the dry weight of nodules and the total N content in the plants and the seeds of yellow lupin as well as created the least favourable conditions for the survival and the capacity for symbiosis by symbiotic bacteria remaining in soil after lupin harvest. The state of yellow lupin plant nitrogen nutrition did not depend on the experimental factors.

Herbicide Residues and Nitrate Concentration in Tubers of Table Potatoes

This study examined Wiking-cultivar table potato tubers in a field experiment conducted between 2002 and 2004 using a rye complex soil. The experimental factors included (a) two methods of tillage, including traditional and simplified, as well as (b) seven methods of cultivation with the use of herbicides as follows: 1, control without herbicides; 2, Plateen 41.5 WG; 3, Plateen 41.5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC; 4, Plateen 41.5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC; 5, Barox 460 SL; 6, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC; and 7, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC. Determination of residues was performed using high-performance liquid and gas chromatography. Only trace quantities of bentazone (Barox 460 SL) were found in potato tubers, amounts that fell below the maximum residue limit (MRL). The nitrate content of potato tubers was determined using a nitrate ion-selective electrode and silver chloride reference electrode. The nitrate content in fresh matter of unpeeled and peeled tubers depended significantly only on weather conditions in the years of study. In contrast, agrotechnical procedures such as methods of tillage and cultivation did not significantly affect potato tuber nitrate content.

An impact of municipal sewage sludge and wheaten straw on some indicators of soil fertility

An impact of municipal sewage sludge and wheaten straw on some indicators of soil fertility In a two-factor pot experiment the impact of applied diverse doses of municipal sewage sludge and equal dose of wheaten straw, with and without supplemental mineral N and NPK fertilization, on some fertility properties of soil was assessed. The soil used in the experiment was acid brown incomplete soil (good rye complex). The grass — Festulolium — was the test plant, harvested four times and in the second year — common sunflower and blue phacelia. After the harvest of phacelia, the pH (in 1 M KCl), the content of total nitrogen, total carbon and the available forms of P, K and Mg were analyzed. Fertilization with sewage sludge and straw failed to have a significant influence on the change of the soil pH. However, all doses of sewage sludge + straw, in comparison with the control, significantly increased the content of total carbon (from 31.8 to 37.8%) and total nitrogen (from 34.3 to 52.2%) in the soil. There was significantly more phosphorus available in the soil from all the objects with sewage sludge and straw than in the soil from the control object (from 8.2 to 21.6%), while the content of potassium was higher only in the soil from the object with 1.5% of sewage sludge + straw and magnesium at the highest dose of sewage sludge. The mineral N and NPK fertilization, used against the background of sewage sludge and straw, did not have asignificant impact on the shaping of the analyzed soil fertility indicators.

Plonowanie gryki w plonie głównym i wtórym

The field experiment was carried out on the podsolic soil made from slightly loamy sand (weak rye complex) in the years 2003–2004. There were two factors in the experimental scheme: I. kind of crop (main and second), II. Seeding rate (60, 80 i 100 kg . ha -1). In the main crop buckwheat was cultivated in the site after a mixture of grain crops (oat + spring barley + spring wheat), whereas in the second crop in the site winter inter crop as winter rye. Buckwheat Hruszowska was cultivated at two sowing dates: 20 May in the main crop and 30 May in the second crop. The yield of nutlets and straw, the number of plants per 1m2 after emergences and before harvest, the number and weight of normally developed nutlets and unfilled on the plant as well as a thousand nutlets weight of buckwheat were investigated. It was proven that the yield of nutlets of buckwheat depended exclusively on the cultivation place and reached 0.99 t ha-1 in the main crop and it was higher by 70% than in the second crop. The most favourable effect on the value of the rest of the resulting feature with an exception to the thousand nutlets weight has the sowing of 60 kg and next the cultivation of buckwheat in the main crop. A thousand nutlets weight was formed mainly under the influence of the years of study.

Plonowanie wsiewek poplonowych traw i jęczmienia jarego stanowiącego roślinę ochronną na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego

Plonowanie wsiewek poplonowych traw i jęczmienia jarego stanowiącego roślinę ochronną na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego