Rutilus Frisii Research Articles

Correction to: Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Correction to: Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Survey of the fish fauna of the water bodies of the city of Kharkiv

The study of the biodiversity of urbanized landscapes, in the context of their permanent expansion, is becoming increasingly important as part of environmental management. The proposed review considers the history of the study and the results of modern research on the ichthyofauna of water bodies in and around the city of Kharkiv. The study includes data obtained during archeological excavations. The existing water fund is estimated as a habitat for fish in the city. We compiled a modern systematic list of the fish fauna, determined its place in the general zoogeographical zonation of the Palearctic, and analyzed the ecological and faunistic characteristics of the fish assemblages, which created a basis for a general assessment of the current state and prospects for changes in the fish community within the city. The state of recreational fishing in the waters of Kharkiv as the main type of utilization of fish resources on its territory is analyzed. The current fish fauna of the water bodies of Kharkiv and its environs consists of 32 species belonging to 31 genera, 11 families, 7 orders, and 4 superorders of bony fish, as well as one hybrid form of silver and bighead carps, whose abundance is maintained only by artificial introduction into water bodies outside Kharkiv with subsequent occasional migration to the city, and two diploid-polyploid hybridogenic complexes of fish of the genera Carassius and Cobitis, whose reproductive characteristics require further study. Five species have disappeared from the local fish fauna, i.e. four species of bony fish (common crucian carp Carassius carassius, Black Sea roach Rutilus frisii, asp Leuciscus aspius, Danilevsky's dace Leuciscus danilewskii) and the Ukrainian lamprey Eudontomyzon mariae, which used to live in the city or water bodies and watercourses of the adjacent territories. Thirteen fish species (41% of the total species composition) have a conservation status and require special measures for their protection according to national and international regulations. The share of non-native species in the ichthyofauna of Kharkiv is quite significant – eight species (22% of the total number of registered species and forms). The fish fauna of the city is dominated by freshwater fishes, limnophilic or indifferent to the current speed, with phytophilic or psammolithophilic portion spring and summer spawning, not belonging to any particular habitat.

Біологічні особливості та перспективи штучного відтворення вирезуба (Rutilus frisii frisii Nordman, 1840) в Україні (огляд)

Purpose. The main goal of the thematic review was the analysis and generalization of literary sources on the peculiarities of its biology, technological aspects of artificial reproduction and growing of vyrezub (Rutilus frisii frisii Nordman, 1840) for the restoration of its natural population in water bodies of Ukraine. To evaluate the perspectives of artificial reproduction and growing of vyrezub in aquaculture of Ukraine. Findings. As a result of human impact on river networks of Ukraine, the abundance of vyrezub significantly decreased, it has become a rare and at the same time an endangered species. According to retrospective data, vyrezub previously belonged to the widespread commercial species of the Dnipro and Southern Bug rivers. The biological features of this species have been analyzed, the observance of which can allow obtaining viable fish seeds in aquaculture conditions. The adaptive possibilities of vyrezub to artificial conditions of reproduction have been reviewed. Historical information on the reproduction of this species over the last century has been analyzed. On the territory of Ukraine, first attempts to artificially reproduce vyrezub were carried out by specialists of Ukrcherrybvod. According to the results of studies of Ukrainian scientists, several stages of artificial reproduction of vyrezub have been identified, namely: taking spawners from natural water bodies, obtaining eggs and sperm, incubation of eggs in incubation devices, obtaining 6 g fish seeds, release of viable juveniles into natural water bodies. However, the works on artificial reproduction of vyrezub were not successful, which was the reason for their complete cessation. In particular, this species is promising for growing in polyculture, as it does not create intense trophic competition with most objects of freshwater aquaculture, and as a result of the consumption of mollusks will reduce the likelihood of the spread of some invasive fish diseases. Practical value. The review of information sources on various aspects of the use of vyrezub in aquaculture will contribute to the development of a system of separate links of the technology of its cultivation for the needs of rearing in the conditions of aquaculture enterprises and stocking of internal water bodies with viable juveniles. Key words: vyrezub (Rutilus frisii frisii Nord­man, 1840), aquaculture, biocontrol effect, artificial reproduction, viable juveniles, stocking, restoration of population abundance.

The effects of the water-soluble fractions of crude oil on liver and kidney tissues of Caspian Kutum juveniles, Rutilus frisii

The lethal and histopathological impacts of crude oil's Water-Soluble Fraction (WSF) on the liver and kidney tissues of juvenile Rutilus frisii were investigated. The LC50 96 h of WSF was calculated at 33.95 ppm. Fish exposed to two concentrations (0.1 LC50 and LC50) of WSF and control for 24 and 96 h were used for histopathological studies. Tissues in the control group and 0.1 LC50–24 h were healthy, and no specific damages were observed. With increasing exposure time (96 h) and concentration (LC50), damages' type, frequency, and intensity gradually increased. Cloudy swelling, loss of cell boundary, nuclei deformation, and congestion of blood vessels were found in the liver, enlarged glomeruli, reduced Bowman's space, and occlusion of the tubular lumen, were found in the kidney. It is demonstrated that the WSF of crude oil can cause severe damage to the tissues of juvenile Kutum, depending on the exposure concentration.

Population structure of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii, Nordmann, 1840) in the southern coast of Caspian Sea using Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers

The Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii, Nordmann, 1840) is one of the most important semi-anadromous endemic fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. The fisheries from wild populations of R. frisii are declined drastically due to variability of sea levels, overfishing, and illegal fishing. For this regard, genetic studies is very noticed to maintain of remained this endangered species. Here, we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) approach to explore population structure, genetic variability, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 146 individuals from eight rivers in Iran. In total 86,274 SNP loci were determined, and after filtering, 16,193 high-quality SNP markers were applied in statistical analyses. Twenty-eight percent of selected SNPs were located in genic regions and about 65% of these SNPs were in the coding sequence. Of the 102 SNP loci, 42 loci were found to be polymorphic and bi-allelic. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of these SNPs varied from 0.156 to 0.471. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) per locus ranged from 0.119 to 0.864, while the expected heterozygosity (He) per locus was from 0.142 to 0.569. Among these SNP loci, 22 SNP loci were significantly deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01) after Bonferroni correction. Both Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and Bayesian clustering satisfyingly showed population genomic structure in Caspian kutum populations, indicating the description of distinct population segments. The first development of SNP markers in this study provides the better monitoring of population genetic variation in Caspian kutum at a more detailed level and in the scarce of genetic information about this species.

Effects of rearing density on physicochemical properties of water, growth parameters, survival, and body composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii)

Effects of rearing density on physicochemical properties of water, growth parameters, survival, and body composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii)

Different land uses influenced on characteristics and distribution of microplastics in Qarasu Basin Rivers, Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea.

Concerns about the negative effects of microplastics (MPs) on human health have led to increasing attention to the occurrence of MPs in the aquatic environment. Recent studies have focus on the spatio-temporal distribution of MPs in rivers for residential and agricultural areas. Qarasu River Basin, watershed to Gorgan Bay, is the site of many permanent rivers and the levels of MP pollution in those rivers are unknown. This research was conducted in three different types of land use: forest, residential, and agricultural along 8 different rivers. A total of 9 fish species were identified and the presence of MPs in 87% of fish was confirmed. The prevalence of MP among species was Liza sp. > Carassius gibelio > Gambusia holbrooki > Rutilus rutilus > Neogobius melanostomus > Cyprinus carpio = Vimba vimba > Rutilus frisii > Barbus sp. The highest frequency of MPs was observed in Qarasu River (1880 ± 251 n/kg) and Mohammadabad River (184 ± 1340 n/kg) in agricultural land use, and the lowest frequency was related to Baghu and Ziarat Rivers with 660 ± 77 and 600 ± 91 n/kg found in forest land use respectively. The highest type, color, and size of MP sediments were fragment, black, and 1-2mm, respectively. The highest type, color, and size of MP in fishes were fiber, black, and 0.5-0.1mm respectively. Overall according to the source tracing result, agricultural land use was the main source of MP pollution of Gorgan Bay. The Bay is strongly affected by the incoming rivers, the Qarasu River Basin as the most important river supplying water.

Age Structure and Growth Rate of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) Population in Vali Abad River (Southern Caspian Sea), Iran

Age Structure and Growth Rate of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) Population in Vali Abad River (Southern Caspian Sea), Iran

Specific Features of the Vyrezub Rutilus frisii Biology of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and the Diversity of Its Life Strategies in the Don Basin

Specific Features of the Vyrezub Rutilus frisii Biology of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and the Diversity of Its Life Strategies in the Don Basin

Fishes of Rivers of the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Dnieper Basin: Long-Term Changes of the Species Composition and Abundance

The paper deals with analysis of changes of the species composition and relative abundance of 63 species of fishes and Cyclostomata of the upper section of the Middle Dnieper and its 12 tributaries. The analysis covered period from the native ichthyocenoses state (1931-1972) to the crisis period (2001-2021). Over the considered period 7 aboriginal species have become extinct, at the same time 18 invasive species have settled. Over the last 50 years portion of the invasive species in the rivers on average increased from 10.1 to 30.2%, and their portion in the catches from 2.1 to 25.3%. Average species number per river increased by 7.9, decreased by 7.3, whereas constant component amounted to 19.8. The species diversity was also redistributed, it increased within the same river, but decreased between the rivers owing to universalization of the species composition (by 4.9% in terms of the Jaccard coefficient). The large-scale changes mean that deformation of ichthyofauna of the upper section of the Middle Dnieper basin exceeds the average-European level. At this, the general tendency consists in replacement of the autochthonous species by the allochthonous, whereas the rheophilic benthos-eating long-mature fishes with the prolong migration paths are the first to extinct. The critical group comprises eight commercial species, four of them (Acipenser gueldaenstaedtii, A. stellatus, Huso huso, Rutilus frisii) are extinct in the region, and populations of four more (Acipenser ruthenus, Chondrostoma nasus, Leuciscus idus, Vimba vimba) reduced tens and hundreds of times. These species need special protection, and V. vimba - inclusion to the Red Data Book of Ukraine.

Comparison of hand and automatic feeding methods on growth performance of “Aspikutum”; a hybrid of Asp (Leucisicus aspius ♀) and Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii ♂)

Comparison of hand and automatic feeding methods on growth performance of “Aspikutum”; a hybrid of Asp (Leucisicus aspius ♀) and Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii ♂)

The concentration of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the muscle of fishes collected from Caspian Sea: A health risk assessment study

In the present study, the concentration of (potentially toxic element) PTEs in the five fish species from the Caspian Sea (from five coastal areas) was measured and compared. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ (TTHQ) were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations to determine the non-carcinogenic risk in both children and adults consumers. The highest concentration of PTEs was associated with chromium (Cr) measured in Cyprinus carpio, sampled from Bandar Anzali (1.56 ± 0.14 μg/g dw), and the minimum PTEs level was nickel (Ni) in Vimba from Astara (0.02 ± 0.01 μg/g d w). The rank order for PTEs based on THQ was mercury (Hg) > cadmium (Cd) > lead (Pb)> Ni > tin (Sn) > Total Cr. For adults, the fishes rank order based on TTHQ was: Cyprinus carpio (3.268) > Chelon saliens (2.89) > Rutilus frisii kutum kanesky (2.28) > Oncorhynchus mykis (1.39) > Vimba (0.25); and for children was Cyprinus carpio (15.25) > Chelon saliens (13.47) > Rutilus frisii kutum kanesky (10.63) > Oncorhynchus mykis (6.48) > Vimba (1.16). Overall this study showed that the levels of PTEs in investigated fish species had a potential non-carcinogenic risk for both children and adults (TTHQ>1).

Cloning, purification and biochemical characterization of two glutathione S-transferase isoforms from Rutilus frisii kutum

Glutathione S-transferases are an important multifunctional family of intracellular enzymes that their detoxification function has been reported in fishes since 1970, but no studies have been conducted on Rutilus frisii kutum GSTs yet. In the present study, RkGSTA and RkGSTM encoding genes were cloned and sequenced and their nucleotide sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank. In order to reduce the expression challenges of recombinant proteins including low solubility, low yield and insufficient purity issues in E. coli, the pKJE7 chaperone plasmid was used to increase the recovery of expressed proteins in the soluble fractions. Best expression clone was selected for purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The three-dimensional structural models were constructed by I-TASSER. The optimum temperature of purified RkGSTA and RkGSTM was 35 and 30 °C, with optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 8.5, respectively. The thermostability and pH stability results indicated that RkGSTA is more heat-tolerant than RkGSTM though both of them retained more than 80% of their activities at pH 6.5 to 9.0. Overall, this study represents a comprehensive perspective on the structural and biochemical aspects of this enzyme that would be even used in further researches such as drug design studies in order to eliminate toxicant compounds from the body and environment of fishes to protect them against undesired harmful damages.

Population genomics of the southern Caspian Sea Vobla Rutilus lacustris

The genus Rutilus is widespread in the western and central Palearctic region. In the Caspian Sea, the taxonomic status of different populations of Rutilus lacustris has been debated due to different sub-specific names attributed to each population. We genotyped 7,984 single nucleotide polymorphisms and sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene of 37 R. lacustris and Rutilus frisii from the southeast and southwest Caspian Sea and the Aras River in the Kura River drainage. We analysed data using clustering, Bayes factor delimitation, introgression, assessment of migration rate, and phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that the southeast and southwest Caspian Sea populations of R. lacustris were closely related, but highly differentiated from R. lacustris in the Aras River. The Bayes factor delimitation test supported the existence of three populations of R. lacustris in the studied area. Three hybrid individuals with mtDNA from Abramis brama or R. frisii and nuclear DNA from R. lacustris were detected. To protect R. lacustris in the southern Caspian Sea, we propose that the Aras River and sea-run R. lacustris be treated as two separate conservation units and the southern Caspian Sea R. lacustris populations should be viewed as two potentially separate management units.

Inherent immunological parameters in kutum, Rutilus frisii, larvae obtained from the adult females with orange and green eggs.

Kutum (Rutilus frisii) displays different egg colours during the spawning season, mostly due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the egg colour and muscle lipid of adult female kutum and the correlation between egg carotenoid content and the immune parameters of larvae. The results from this study highlighted the positive influence of egg carotenoid on post-fertilization stages, such as elevating the innate immune parameters in larvae.

Retracing migration pattern in reproductive and non-reproductive female kutum Rutilus frisii, in south Caspian Sea, using otolith microchemistry.

Because trace elements of otoliths are considered a natural marker capable of recognizing the chemical composition of ambient water and fish migration history, these elements could be potentially used to analyse the movement of reproductive (R) and non-reproductive (NR) mature-sized fish. Supposedly, it is not essential for NR individuals to migrate to rivers for spawning because they do not have developed gonads. To investigate the potential differences in migration history between female R and NR kutum, Rutilus frisii, in the southwest waters of the Caspian Sea, the ratios of Sr, Ba, Mg, Na, K and P to Ca in otoliths (from the core to the edge) were examined using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In NR fish, a significant increase in Sr:Ca ratio in the otoliths' growth rings, likely due to greater seawater residency, and an increase in Ba:Ca ratio in the last two rings were observed. Increased Ba:Ca ratio could be due to the movement of NR mature-sized fish to the coastal zones for foraging. Seasonal physiological factors such as gonad maturation and spawning activity are more likely to be involved in differences in the other elemental ratios (Mg, Na, K and P). These results suggest that microchemical analyses of growth rings of otolith can be used as a valuable tool for better understanding the movement pattern of different types of adult fish, which could be completed with data from other methods like tagging.

Growth and hematological changes of Aspikutum, a hybrid of Leuciscus aspius female (Linnaeus, 1758) × Rutilus frisii male (Kamensky, 1901), fed rations with various protein to lipid ratio

A 60-day trial with six diets (three different protein levels × two different lipid levels) containing 30, 35 and 40% protein with 10 and 15% lipid levels was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein to lipid ratio and effects on growth performance and hematological indices of Aspikutum, Leuciscus aspius female×Rutilus frisii male. Two hundred and fifty two fish (31.2±0.4 g; mean±SEM) were distributed in 18 circular concrete tanks (400 L) and were fed 3 times daily according to their apparent satiation. The results showed that the highest growth rate was achieved when fish fed with diet containing 35% protein and 15% lipid. Lipid productive value was significantly decreased with increasing dietary lipid level. Number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, neutrophil and eosinophil were not considerably differing among rearing treatments, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in fish fed with diet containing 30% protein and 10% lipid. The percentage of lymphocyte increased with increasing dietary lipid level, whereas a decrease of monocyte percentage was observed with increasing of dietary lipid level. Dietary protein and lipid level, as well as the interaction showed no significant differences in total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein levels. In general, this study has indicated that diet containing 35% protein and 15% lipid had positive effects on growth performance, while no effects on biochemical and hematological parameters was achieved.

Microplastic content of Kutum fish, Rutilus frisii kutum in the southern Caspian Sea

The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the digestive tract of commercial Kutum fish, Rutilus frisii kutum was investigated. Fish samples, ranging from 33 to 48.5 cm fork length which sold for human consumption, were collected from local fish markets in Bandar-e Torkaman (the south-eastern of Caspian Sea) on November 2017, and March 2018. The MPs were characterized using optical microscopy, NR staining, and SEM-EDS for number, shape, color, surface morphology, and elemental composition. On average, 11.4 MP items per fish (0.015 items per 1 g fish wet weight) were found in Kutum's stomach at an individual detection rate of 80%. Around 66% of all identified MP items were < 500 μm, and 53% possessed light colors. Morphological researches indicated that fish ingested the degradation fragments from larger plastic pieces, fibers, and manufactured microbeads. Microfibers are the most dominant items accounting for over 75% of all MPs. The SEM images indicated the various degrees of erosions upon environmental exposure. Some MPs had surface cracks, broken margins, scaly appearances, and obvious pores. Considering the commercial importance which the Kutum plays for Iran's fishery, the potential effect of MPs on the trophic food web, particularly for human consumption and health, should be urgently investigated.

Development and evaluation of a novel beneficent antimicrobial bioscaffold based on animal waste-fish swim bladder (FSB) doped with silver nanoparticles

Treated fish wastes have found many applications in industry and medicine. Besides, nowadays low-cost scaffold with antimicrobial activity which can accelerates the process of wound healing is very demanding. In this study fish swim bladder (FSB), taken from Rutilus frisii, which is a disposable waste was doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated as antimicrobial wound dressing. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed the presence of AgNPs on the scaffold. Histological observation confirmed cells and muscle removal from FSB and collagen preservation. There was significant antibacterial activity even in 50 ppm AgNPs concentration against pathogenic bacteria, swelling ratio was rather low, and cytotoxic assay revealed that the AgNPs-FSB scaffold had no toxic effect on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Interestingly, despite the porous structure, the AgNPs-FSB scaffold was found to be a suitable barrier to microbial penetration even after 72 h. Further study showed the gradual release of AgNPs during 24 h. In conclusion, biofabricated FSB prepared in this study have appropriate characteristics notably encompassing a high quantity of collagen and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Also, its porous structure made it suitable as a 3-D structure for the growth of cells and adding other antimicrobial nano-sized materials.