Position Of Russia Research Articles

Диалог культур: динамика российско-китайских межкультурных коммуникаций

The directions of humanitarian cooperation between China and Russia in the conditions of modern civilizational challenges are considered. There is a trend of integration of Russia and China, lines of intercultural relations between the two great powers, communication formats in both real and virtual modes. The article uses data from the Public Opinion Foundation regarding the position of Russians towards the PRC, as well as the image of Russia broadcast in the media. Examples of successful cultural practices contributing to the strengthening of cross-cultural communications between China and Russia, having a positive impact on the internal development of each of the countries, and the establishment of strong humanitarian cooperation in the future are given.

Features of New Institutions in The Digital Economy

Digital trust and, simultaneously, global distrust became a topical issue in the context of modern trends in the socioeconomic systems development: informatization, internetization, networkization, digitalization. A. Guterres asserts global distrust as one of the four “horsemen of the apocalypse” that threaten all of humanity at the present time. Vulnerability of Russia's positions in the global information and digital space, represented in the predominance of foreign (primarily Western) software and Chinese hardware, cyber-attacks on strategic infrastructure facilities, leaks and the actual vulnerability of personal data of the population (often almost unhindered access for fraudsters to the personal data of residents and non-residents), actualizes the need to strengthen national information security and, therefore, the perspective of the article. A research of digital trust, coupled with artificial intelligence and cyber, information and digital economic security, is conducted based on the methods of institutional-economic, interdisciplinary, empirical generalization, interpretation of new economic institutions and concepts, hypothesizing and scientific approach to the analysis of a new digital socio-economic reality. The research results are, firstly, a confirmed relationship between digital trust and digital economic security; second, digital trust and artificial intelligence; third, digital distrust and institutional traps in the context of artificial intelligence; fourth, the institutional aspects of AI on the example of China. The authorial hypothesis is formulated as the following: are destructive institutions and institutional-economic thinking formed in the context of the economy and society digitalization, the development of a Russian digital economy model with conflicting institutions? The novelty of the study involves clarifying the definitions of the institution of trust, digital global distrust, as well as digital institutional traps, the level of digital trust (for business, the abovementioned is reflected in building a trust system in supply chains, measured in terms of user confidence in information and digital goods, in the protection of personal data, their confidentiality).

Social Contract in Russia: Before and After 2022

The article considers the problem of cardinal revision of the social contract (SC) between the Russian society and the supreme power, which emerged as a result of the global transformation of the geopolitical system in 2022. The shifts that have begun mark a radical change in the mode of governance of the country. The subject of the article is the general contours, content and logic of the new SC; the methodological basis is institutional theory, the paradigm of historical narratives and philosophical concepts of social orientation. The revised SC includes the following requirements: new ideology; definition of the country's economic structure; provision of professional social elevators and personal responsibility; integration of the Bank of Russia into the general government system; economy debureaucratization; fight against extreme forms of inequality; cessation of uncontrolled immigration; and introduction of responsibility for political sabotage. The bearing structure of the new SC is the ideology of the Russian Civilization, which is determined by the disclosure of the following issues: concept, slogan, economic and social foundations, philosophical foundations, values, international status and the domestic perception. To determine the attitudes of Russians towards the idea of the Russian Civilization, a spontaneous conversation method was developed, which allowed to establish the "psychological triangle effect", the essence of which consists in the presence of three phases of perception of the idea — rejection, acceptance and use.

The attitude of Russian and international students to training in medical and pharmaceutical specialties

Introduction. Established in Russia over a long history, the Higher Medical School currently not only meets the needs of domestic health care, but also successfully trains doctors and pharmacists from among foreign citizens. The aim of the study: to conduct a comparative analysis of the attitude of Russian and international students to the qualitative development of the chosen medical and pharmaceutical specialty under the specialist's program. Materials and Methods. Initial data on the number of students enrolled in education programs in 2018-2020 was obtained from the official statistical materials and analyzed according to the average rate of growth (loss) of indicators of the dynamic series. To study the attitude of students to the educational process in the chosen specialties, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 273 students of Sechenov University, among whom there were 57.4% Russian and 42.6% international citizens. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software packages. To evaluate the statistical significance of differences in the frequencies of signs between groups of students, the χ2-Pearson test was used, to compare the average scores the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results. The findings of the study show a positive trend in admission for training among Russian and international students in medical and pharmaceutical specialties in the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2020. The survey results showed that 47.0% of Russian and 84.7% of international students enjoyed studying in order to become certified specialists in their chosen medical specialty. The key factors contributing to the cultivation of eagerness of Russian and international students to become a highly qualified medical (pharmaceutical) specialist are desire to help people – 59,7% и 61,3 % respectively (p=0,793); clearly defined life goal – 44,3 % и 55,6 % respectively (p=0,065); desire to aid patients – 33,6 % и 58,1 % respectively (p˂0,001). The main reasons for the active learning of Russian and international students are interest in learning – 3,98±0,93 и 4,54±0,83 points respectively (р˂0,001); the desire to prove to oneself the ability to study at the University– 3,73±1,32 и 4,06±1,28 points respectively (р=0,012); realization that their knowledge and competence grow when studying new material – 4,11±0,99 и 4,28±1,13 points respectively (р=0,014). For 85,2% of Russian and 66,9 % of international students (p˂0,001) inner motivation for studies is more significant. Conclusion. The most interested in obtaining a high-quality medical education are international students; it should be taken into account when improving the export of educational services

A Comparativistic Analysis of the Transformation of Alimentary Aspect of the Other’s Image: 2018-2022

The study focuses on the transformation of the alimentary models of the imaginative Other. Based on the statistics of the Russian Internet queries, the authors identified a number of markers, determining the main alimentary models of the Other. They carried out a comparative analysis of the obtained in 2018-2019 (pre-Сovid-19) models with similar Post-Covid models for 2021-2022. The researchers' hypothesis is that the queries can reveal the attitude of the modern Russians to the Other, determine the criteria by which the images are formed and the factors, affecting their transformation.
 The study showed that interest in the Other’s food is unstable. The number of queries constantly fluctuates. Both external factors (geopolitical, etc.) and contact with the objects of foreign mass culture can influence the growth of interests. At the same time, all markers (and stereotypes) can be conditionally divided into two groups: stable (fixed for several years), and situational, determined by external factors.
 The long-term analysis allowed the authors to trace the increased relevance of a number of cannibalistic markers in the image of the Other, the main reason for which, according to the researchers, was the pandemic, and the subsequent decline of interest in them in 2022.
 We should also mention the growing interest in video content (mukbang) In our view, this interest may be indicative of the observer's desire to transcend cultural boundaries and interact more closely with the Other. It is also particularly curious that this interest is directed toward the most alert models of the Other.

Battered by Geopolitical Winds, Bulgaria Struggles to Restart Much Needed Reforms

Battered by Geopolitical Winds, Bulgaria Struggles to Restart Much Needed Reforms

Russian Strategy of the Ukrainian Nation's Genocide: Moscow's Criminal Waves of the Holodomors

The genocide of the Ukrainian nation in the USSR through the artificial famines of 1921-1923, 1932-1933 and 1946-1947 is studied. In each of them, Ukrainians suffered irreparable human, political, cultural, intellectual, economic, material and other losses. The Holodomor was recognized as a crime of genocide by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the parliaments of 19 countries, and a number of respected international organizations and institutions. The full responsibility for the crimes of genocide lies with the occupying Russian authorities in Ukraine. The party-Soviet system of totalitarian rule created by them carried out ideological substantiation, organizational proceedings and direct implementation of the genocide of a significant part of the Ukrainian nation. The ideological component was administered by the Bolshevik ruling party. Organizational component included a chain of management and executive structures, with a special controlling role of multimodal repressive bodies. The executive component was formed on the basis of the powers and representatives of the latter, with the broad involvement of collaborators. Under criminal law, the subject of liability is the party in respect of which it is established that its direct participation in the commission of actions qualified under existing law as illegal, i.e. criminal. In this context, the responsibility for the crime of the famine-genocide is divided into four levels: personal, collective, collegial, state. This gives grounds for initiating criminal proceedings not only against certain individuals involved in the organization of the Holodomor, but also against the state (USSR), political structures (RCP (b) -VKP (b) -CPSU), administrative and law enforcement agencies (People's Commissariats and VUCHK-GPU-NKVD-KGB, etc.), executive groups and groups (komneza, towing brigades, etc.). The Kyiv Court of Appeal considered the proceedings on the Holodomor of 1932-1933 under Article 442 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on the crime of genocide and acknowledged the personal guilt of a number of party leaders at the time. The final document of the Court of Appeal is marked by a number of fundamental conclusions, which create a basis for the deployment of further proceedings in this direction, in particular its legislative, administrative and procedural implementation. This work needs to be continued and deepened, as Russia's position on Ukraine has not changed. The current hybrid war that Russia is waging against Ukraine is a manifestation and a continuation of its centuries-old strategy towards the Ukrainian people in order to deprive them of their physical and civilizational existence.

Transnational Links and Political Attitudes: Young People in Russia

Political attitudes are generally analysed within the context of a given nation-state, even if they reflect responses to regional or global developments. Little attention has been paid to the potentially moderating role of personal transnational experiences (travel, migration, remittances) on individual attitudes. Based on two cross-sectional online surveys conducted in 15 cities across Russia in 2018 and 2019, this essay assesses the extent to which personal transnational experiences play a role in the domestic and foreign policy preferences of young Russians. Our analysis finds a consistent relationship between transnational experiences and the attitudes of young Russians.

Russian-Japanese relations after Abe: A new stress test?

The article addresses qualitative changes in Russian-Japanese relations that occurred after the resignation of Shinzō Abe from the position of Prime Minister in 2020 due to the transformation of the international environment and domestic political developments in both countries. Among the international factors contributing to the deterioration of bilateral relations, the author particularly mentions confrontation between the Kremlin and the U.S after the change of administration in Washington in 2021, as well as a new aggravation of the situation around Ukraine in 2022. Continuing formation of a new system of geopolitical coordinates in Asia, in which only China can be considered by Russia an actual ally, while Japan, along with many of Russia’s Asian partners linked to the U.S., found themselves in the opposing camp, also played a role.The author focuses on the change in the Russian position on the issue of the peace treaty with Japan. The course was taken to demonstrate to Japan the futility of its stance on the issue of border demarcation with Russia. There has also been a transformation of the place and role of Japan in the internal ideological and propaganda discourse of Russia, where the focus on the «crimes of Japanese militarism» in East Asian countries is becoming increasingly evident. At the same time, the author considers Moscow’s critical attitude towards Japan not the result of a conscious ideological campaign directed specifically against Japan, but rather a reflection of the general atmosphere in the socio-political life of Russia.The author believes that the acquisition of a new «unfriendly» state in the face of Japan on the Far Eastern borders will become a military and political risk factor for Russia and will inevitably damage its security. Meanwhile, Russia should rethink its position given that, geostrategically, it is important for it to have strong partnership relations with Japan.

Russia’s war goals in Ukraine

ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the reasons for the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. It examines both the stated goals and the deeper reasons, noting that the invasion owes more to the imperialistic policies of the Russian leadership than a desire to remove a “neo-Nazi” government in Kyiv or to protect the quasi-states of Donetsk and Luhansk. It looks also at hostile Russian attitudes toward the European Union, NATO, and the United States and the importance of the capture of Mariupol as a pathway to Crimea. It observes that the attacks on civilians and atrocities that Russia has perpetrated to date reveal a desire to end Ukrainian statehood and expand further into territories of the former tsarist empire. The costs of the war and the economic limitations of Russia are likely to undermine such ambitions.

Competition Between "Great Powers" in the 21st Century: Discourse and Attitudes in Russia

Competition Between "Great Powers" in the 21st Century: Discourse and Attitudes in Russia

Мировые рейтинги как инструмент оценки эффективности инвестиций в инновации и выбора стратегии развития

The article discusses the methods of compiling world rankings related to innovation activity and doing business, in particular, the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index Rating of Innovative Economies, the Ranking of countries in the world by the level of global competitiveness according to the World Economic Forum and the Institute of Management, the Doing Business Rating. A factor-by-factor analysis of the position of the Russian Federation in these ratings for a certain time period has been carried out, the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation system in Russia have been investigated. Data from almost all ratings indicate that Russia's position in the innovation activity ratings has been improving since 2010, and there is potential for further growth. It is concluded that Russia produces fewer innovative products compared to the level of investment in innovation. The comparison of individual statistical indicators in the field of innovative development of Russia with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. Russia demonstrates high positions in terms of the number and quality of personnel engaged in research and development, but the level of wages, social benefits and comfort of the living environment of scientists and developers is inferior to developed countries. The level of funding for science, research, innovation activity of organizations, as well as the development of innovative entrepreneurship is lower than in the leading countries of innovation ratings. In Russia, there is a negative balance of payments for technology. The introduction of unprecedented sanctions affecting various aspects of the social, economic, and technological spheres aggravates the impact of negative factors on Russia’s innovation system. In the current situation, the issues of import substitution, ensuring the country’s independence from foreign technologies, developments, as well as providing support to innovative companies, talented youth and qualified specialists, overcoming the negative trend of the outflow of scientific personnel are becoming even more urgent. There is provided an up-to-date list of short- and long-term measures to support and stimulate the development of economic sectors, innovative business, scientific human resources and highly qualified specialists.

Objects of Cultural-Cognitive Analysis in Comparative Lexicography

Introduction. The article deals with the linguocultural units of value considering them as the main objects of cultural and cognitive analysis to obtain data for compiling nationally oriented lexicographic sources, namely, a nationally oriented linguistic and cultural dictionary for the Vietnamese who study Russian. The authors of the article argue that the implementation of a detailed analysis of value-marked elements that reflect cultural facts and realities, which are rooted in the national linguistic consciousness, is a recurrent theme in modern comparative lexicography. The scientific novelty and significance of the study are based on the practical application of its findings in the field of comparative lexicography, a successfully developing scientific area.Methodology and sources. The article focuses on a comparative study of phraseological units of Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. The comparative study is carried out using interpretive analysis as well as analysis of definitions. There are used data from dictionaries of various types.Results and discussion. The key objects of cultural and cognitive analysis are linguocultural units reflecting the realities of culture and values of a particular nation. The material of the study allowed the authors to consider some characteristics of the conceptual division of the world and of its conceptualization with the assistance of language distinctive for both Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. Thus, a comparative analysis of Russian and Vietnamese set phrases, which reflect the peculiarities of the national worldview, made it possible to draw conclusions about the existing national and cultural differences between Russians and Vietnamese, and, that is most importantly, about the existing of discrepancies in the attitude of Vietnamese and Russians to certain values - a circumstance, that must be taken into account in development of linguistic and cultural educational lexicography.Conclusion. The concept of nationally oriented educational lexicography as a special field in a number of other linguistic disciplines aims at fulfilling the tasks of acquiring foreign cultural awareness avoiding any possible interference. The importance of nationally oriented educational lexicography arises from the need to create such teaching aids that will most adequately facilitate the process of foreign language mastering. In our specific case, it will assist a Vietnamese to study the Russian language as a means of intercultural communication.

Development of strategic alliances between Russia and Hungary in the field of pharmaceuticals

The development of strategic alliances between Russian and foreign pharmaceutical companies allows not only to introduce biotechnologies in the domestic market, but also to strengthen the policy of import substitution and increase export volumes. That is why it is important to support the creation and functioning of strategic alliances at the state level. The purpose of this article is to study the creation and development of strategic alliances between Russia and Hungary, paying attention to the formation of alliances in the field of pharmaceuticals. In order to achieve this goal, the indicators of export-import operations between Russia and Hungary in the field of “pharmaceutical products”, as well as the main strategic alliances operating between the two countries were considered. It is assumed that the development of Russian-Hungarian strategic alliances in the field of pharmaceuticals with localization of production will help to achieve the goals of the import substitution policy in the field of drug production, as well as to intensify export operations. To test this hypothesis, documents published in the public domain were analyzed, including statistical data on export-import operations in the pharmaceutical market between Russia and Hungary. In general, it was proved that at the present stage of development of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation, it is important to support the creation and functioning of strategic alliances, which will strengthen Russian positions not only in the domestic market, but also in the international market. Thus, the Russian Federation should actively develop and support the development of localized strategic alliances using various methods, which will increase the share of domestic biotechnologies and ensure their export.

Language Policy and Ideology in Kazakhstan: Ethnic Russians’ Attitudes Toward the State Language Use

After the collapse of the USSR, Kazakhstan began to build its own language policy. It was necessary to raise the status of the Kazakh language and at the same time maintain ethnopolitical and social stability. When determining the main priorities of language policy, one of the most difficult factors influencing this process was to take into account the ethnic and linguistic needs of the population. It is the language that is one of the most important factors of national identity. This study analyzes the attitude of ethnic Russians to the use of the state language and linguistic ideology in Kazakhstan. The study is aimed at identifying the attitude of ethnic Russians to the use of the state language in social communications and in the choice of education. In the context of ideology, the article uses the term «kazakhization», which was introduced in previous studies on linguistic ideology in Kazakhstan. Key research questions: how do Russians feel about the language ideology in Kazakhstan? How do they relate to the choice of education (teaching instruction) and what are the problems in social communication in Kazakhstan? A questionnaire survey was used as the main tool for collecting data for the research project. The research results showed that ethnic Russian respondents have a neutral attitude to the ideology of the Kazakh language.

THE IMPACT OF THE UKRAINIAN REFUGEE WAVE ON REGIONAL SECURITY. RISK ASSESSMENT AND EVOLVING SCENARIOS

In today’s society, instability and conflict are growing more prevalent, with citizens fearing for what is next, for what some state actor might do, and its impact on our lives and our children. The ongoing Russian Ukrainian conflict presents a gloomy scenario in which all our beliefs, as European citizens, seem only to survive as glimpses of hope. The probability of such an impactful conflict, and the unlikely military conventionalism related to it makes every citizen of any European country to doubt the safety net in which we thought to be, so far. The most devastating effect, specific and real at this moment, of the near conflict in Europe is an economic one, since a new refugee wave threatens to destabilize all societal equilibrium. On the other side of the barricade, Russia's position is mainly due to the internal challenges it faces, as its economy is destabilized by United States sanctions. Low oil prices at the end of the second decade of the this century is causing serious economic problems in the Russian Federation. Thus, the state faces a rather weak demographic outlook in the future, which is why it is looking for solutions for expansion and evolution, both globally and as a major regional player.

Russia's Attitude to the “Armenian Issue” in the Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century

Russia's Attitude to the “Armenian Issue” in the Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century

On the dynamics and typology of religiosity

The article analyzes the individual components of the dynamics of religiosity in post-Soviet culture, outlines the modern types of attitude of Russians to religion, characterizes the phenomenon of non-confessional faith.

СПЕЦИФИКА ОТНОШЕНИЯ К СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ ВОЕННОЙ ОПЕРАЦИИ РФ НА УКРАИНЕ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ БАЗОВЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ

Objective of the study is to examine the manifestations of basic models of social behavior as factors determining the specifics of the attitude of Russians to the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine.   Methodological basis of the research is pilot sociological survey in the form of an Internet questionnaire; factor analysis of empirical data. Research results. Five factors determining the degree of respondents' attention to the issues of foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation, their attitude to a special military operation and the level of trust in socio-political institutions were identified. The thesis is substantiated that the identified factors are manifestations of the basic models of personality and social behavior in Russian society.   Prospects of the study. Based on the results obtained, a hypothesis is formulated that a sense of pride in the country can become the basis for the consolidation of Russian society and contribute to overcoming the crisis of institutional and interpersonal trust and the favorable completion of social transformation. The prospects of the study are related to the verification of this hypothesis.  

Great power identity in Russia’s position on autonomous weapons systems

ABSTRACT This article proposes an identity-based analysis of the Russian position in the global debate on autonomous weapons systems (AWS). Based on an interpretation of Russian written and verbal statements submitted to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) meetings from 2014 to 2022, I find that two key integral elements of Russian great power identity—the promotion of multipolarity and the recognition of Russia’s equal participation in global affairs—guide its evolving position on the potential regulation of AWS. The analysis makes an empirical contribution by examining one of the most active participants in the CCW discussion, an opponent to any new regulations of so-called “killer robots,” and a developer of autonomy in weapons systems. It highlights the value of a more thorough understanding of the ideas guiding the Russian position, assisting actors who seek a ban on AWS in crafting their responses and strategies in the debate.