Russian Approach Research Articles

Strategi Pendekatan dan Pengaruh Rusia di Kawasan Timur Tengah (2005-2019)

This study is an examination of Russia's approach and influence in the Middle East and focuses on Russia's soft politics in various Middle Eastern countries and their influence on Russian interests. The important question that will be answered in this research is how Russia can control its national interest and pressure in the Middle East geo politics. Even though after the cold war the US appeared dominant in global politics, Russia's maturity in the global political cannot be underestimated. Because Russia will continue to tightening partnerships with the countries that are anti-US dominant or at least have the same vision in global political practices including in Syria and Iran. Thus, the survival of Russia's national interest in the Middle East becomes an important factor to keep the rivalry of the two superpowers state, which is not infrequently a positive or even negative factor for the Middle Eastern countries.

COVID-19 as a tool of information confrontation: Russia's approach

As the rest of the world struggles to cope with COVID-19, Russia is churning out propaganda that blames the West for creating the virus. Propaganda is, of course, nothing new for Russia; such practices have a long history dating back to the Soviet era. What’s different now, though, is that with the internet and social media, Russia has many more ways to propagate fake news and conspiracy theories, and to reach susceptible audiences both inside and outside the country. Russia is using social media accounts, fake news outlets, state-controlled global satellite media, bloggers, pseudo-scientists and supposed scholars, experts and Russians living in the West to disseminate its lies and distortions. The European Union’s External Action Service reports almost 80 incidents of disinformation since the end of January. However, Russia has a more insidious goal than merely disseminating propaganda for the sake of it. President Vladimir Putin, who has labelled the fall of the Soviet Union nearly 30 years ago as “the greatest geopolitical catastrophe” of the 20th century, is determined to show the international community that Russia is no longer the weak creature it was post-Soviet collapse.

INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF THE EXPERTISE IN CASES RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

In the context of digitalization of the economy and the growing number of legal proceedings related to intellectual property objects, there is a need to form a forensic examination of intellectual property objects as a new type of expertise produced by state forensic institutions. In order to form this new direction, it is necessary to study foreign experience of using the expertise in such cases. Purpose: to study the experience of using the expertise in cases of intellectual property objects in some foreign countries. Results: general dialectical method, in particular methods of formal logic, a number of general scientific methods such as comparison, description, etc., as well as special scientific methods: formal-legal, comparative-legal. Conclusions: the study shows different approaches to the organization of legal proceedings using expertise in the courts of Germany, Japan, Ukraine and the United States. This foreign experience will help to form Russian approach to the forensic examination of intellectual property objects.

Extraordinary termination of service contracts with consumers – differences between the German and the Russian approach

The article shows the differences between the German and the Russian approach regarding consumer protection based on three main examples - services of mobile operators/internet providers, fitness club memberships and subscriptions to the printed/electronic mass media. Since there are plenty of differences, for this article the possibility of early termination for convenience was used as the key criterion. It is also surprising, how, from the first sight, small differences in the legislation and court practice may affect the business models, pricing and contractual structure. Thus, some standard business models established and widespread in one jurisdiction, may be absolutely unthinkable, unenforceable or even prohibited in another one.

Tools for state support of research institutions at the regional level: the German experience and Russia's approach

Tools for state support of research institutions at the regional level: the German experience and Russia's approach

Tools for state support of research institutions at the regional level: the German experience and Russia's approach

In the paper, the author studies the cases of the German regions (the Lander) in supporting research institutions. The best practices of the Lander are revealed through the benchmarking of the key indicators related to the development of R&D sector at the regional level in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). A comparative analysis of measures taken to support research institutions in the FRG and Russia is carried out. The paper concluded that the peculiarities of the system of state support for scientific organisations in Germany and Russia are mainly explained by models of the federalism in Germany and Russia.

Crowdfunding regulation models: international and Russian experience in context of sustainable development

The conditions, promoting active development of crowdfunding market through which the so-called “alternative financing” is implemented, have been created in the global economy in the last few years. The article discusses the transformation experience of crowdfunding model types during the period from 2014, describes the existing regimes of legal regulation of crowdfunding in worldwide practice. Special attention is given to the description of Russian legal initiative aimed at the implementation of crowd-technologies in the investment activities. The authors identified three approaches to the crowdfunding regulation: prohibited, self-regulated and regulated. The Russian approach was changed from self-regulated to regulated with the entry into force of new laws from January 1, 2020. In Republic of Belarus crowdfunding is still self-regulated. Crowdfunding is considered by the authors as a promising financial technology that contributes to sustainable development and economic growth.

Un cocon économique dans le Causase : le rêve de la soie française aux confins de la Russie

If, in the twilight of the 1800s, oil arose as the coveted “black gold” of the Caucasus, then silk held a strong contention for the stature of “white gold” at the beginning of the century. A Tiflis-based silk company founded in the 1820s by the Frenchman Edouard Castellaz was a bright, yet ephemeral, representation of silk’s economic importance to tsarist officials, local residents, and Russian and Western European investors. This article traces the evolution of the Russian approach toward Castellaz’s business in order to elucidate a telling episode of privately driven, state-backed commercial experimentation in the South Caucasus. Castellaz’s pledge to produce exquisite silk in Georgia that rivaled the best sorts from Italy drew the attention of Romanov royals, statesmen, and aristocrats. This dream’s rise and fall can point us toward the array of tools wielded, and occasionally fumbled, by the actors seeking to expand the region’s economy.

The features of Japanese labour law

This article considers the peculiarities of Japanese labour law that differ the most from the traditional Russian approach to labour regulation. The authors sought to fill the information vacuum in Russian legal scholarship dedicated to Japanese law, as well as to examine the unique features of this branch of law. It is impossible to consider, in one article, an exhaustive list of questions about Japanese labour law, which are of interest to researchers. Therefore, the choice of topics for analysis was dictated by two types of considerations: the uniqueness of Japanese regulation and the relevance of the topic to Russian reality. Within the first group, the authors examined the peculiarities of the arrangement, modification, and termination of employment contracts in addition to the features of the wage structure. Also, the practice of exercising the employer’s right to order the employee to stay at home while continuing to pay wages is analysed due to the absence of a clause in Japanese law on the right of the employee to be provided with work. In the second group, the issue of an employment policy for elderly people in Japan was considered as it is relevant for Russia in light of the recent pension reform. The methodological basis of the study was the use of a functional comparative method. The use of this method allowed the authors to ascertain greater flexibility in Japanese labour law regarding changes in working conditions, and a higher degree of labour mobility in comparison to Russia.

Terrorism in Central Asia: Security Implications for Russia

End of the cold war following the disintegration of the Soviet Union witnessed unprecedented increase in militancy and terrorism prompted by internal and external forces. This was also fuelled by factors like religious fundamentalism and ethno-nationalist chauvinism. The newly independent countries of the Central Asian region encountered myriad problems like terrorism, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, organized crime, separatism, and ethnic conflicts. Given the geographical proximity and historicity, Central Asia is regarded as Russia’s own backyard and a “soft underbelly”. The near-abroad security developments in the Central Asian republics have great influence on Russia and could create a complex environment detrimental to its security interests. The Russian approach to this challenge is of great importance for the stability of the whole area. Any negative developments in Central Asian Regions and Afghanistan would have serious security implications for Russia. A stable and friendly government in Afghanistan and Central Asian states would prove beneficial to Russian security, including the on ongoing separatist movements in Chechnya and Dagestan. Therefore it is imperative that Russia and Central Asian states act collectively to counter religious radicalism and foster regional stability. This article examines some factors responsible for breeding terrorism and religious extremism in Central Asian Republics and its security implications onRussia such as Central Asian threats, US presence in Central Asia and the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Age as a criterion of value for tangible cultural heritage objects under Russian law

UNESCO’s activities are dedicated to the conservation of both intangible and tangible cultural heritage. One of the most difficult issues in constructing a system for the protection of tangible cultural heritage objects is the criteria for identifying objects as cultural heritage. Obviously, it takes time to assess the cultural or historical value and significance of a tangible object. In most cases, granting the status of a cultural heritage object is assigned much later than its creation. However, international acts also do not contain specific requirements for how old a particular object should be in order to qualify it as an object of cultural heritage. UNESCO’s practice is known for several cases of adding to the World Heritage List relatively young sites. The Russian Cultural Heritage Object Act (2002), along with the laws of some other countries, establishes a specific age (40 years) that any object must reach in order to become a cultural heritage object. An exception is made only for memorial apartments and buildings (they can be attributed as objects of cultural heritage immediately after the death of famous personalities) and for objects of archeology (they must be at least 100 years old). This rule of law is mandatory, which means that it does not make other exceptions to the rule of 40 years. Such a rule of law significantly distinguishes the Russian approach from foreign legislation. On the one hand, such regulation may negatively affect the possibility of protecting outstanding objects from the late Soviet and early new Russian period. On the other hand, the approach of granting the status of cultural heritage objects to many relatively new objects can negatively affect urban development. The author proposes to evaluate and review this provision of law in order to find the optimal balance of public and private interests.

Renaissance of Russian high-power artillery

The article aims to find answers to questions about the process of forming the high-power Russian artillery. The conclusions from the analysis of the development process of the Russian artillery included in the work may justify the statement that at the threshold of the 21st century, the return to the high-power artillery may be a harbinger of changes in the Russian approach to ways of performing tasks as part of groupings fighting in depth.

Концепт общественной дипломатии во внешней политике Российской Федерации (The Concept of Public Diplomacy in the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation)

Russian Abstract: Статья посвящена изучению роли общественной дипломатии в развитии внешней политики Российской Федерации. Авторами анализируются различные подходы к определению термина «общественная дипломатия», концентрируется внимание на существующих концепциях курса государства в этой сфере, отслеживается роль неправительственных организаций и НКО в международных отношениях. Посредством анализа имеющихся в стране институциональных возможностей по осуществлению общественной дипломатии, определяются ключевые особенности подхода России по реализации этой области внешней политики. English Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the role of public diplomacy in the development of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze various approaches to the definition of public diplomacy, focuses on the existing concepts of the state course in this area, monitors the role of non-governmental actors and NGOs in international relations. The key features of Russia's approach to the implementation of this area of foreign policy are determined through the analysis of the institutional opportunities available in the country for the implementation of public diplomacy.

Russia’s International Investment Treaties: Recent Development.

The past 15 years have seen dramatic changes in Russia's investment treaty and arbitration practice. As a major player in international investment activities and a prominent constituent of the group of 5 BRICS countries which is considered to be a new power hub in international relations in the twenty first century, Russia's divergent approaches to investment treaties and arbitration practice have attracted wide attention and debates. What adds to that curiosity is that Russia is a significant participant in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) discussions to reform the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism, and the world has been watching any slight shifts in its approach closely. Hence, it is necessary to gain insight into the underlying consideration of Russia's legal practice.

The Institutionalization of Military Sociology: The Russian Path of Gains and Losses

This article contends that the current view of military sociology is neither complete nor detailed (particularly at the early stages of its development). It maintains that the institutionalization of military sociology is dominated by one perspective, that is, by the American tradition. Its evolution in Europe, including Russia, is underrepresented. Without claiming to be all encompassing, this article attempts to critically reconsider the Russian approach to the institutionalization of military sociology under the challenging conditions of an autocratic and totalitarian political regime. One of the most characteristic particularities of the Russian approach was the establishment and growth of the subfield primarily within the military itself—that is, the emergence and formation of “a science in uniform.” The article maintains that it would be useful to consider the Russian experience in order to reconstruct a global, multifaceted institutionalization of military sociology. In turn, this may lead to a more robust scholarly debate about the past, present and future prospects of this field of sociological study.

Russia's Approaches to the Post-Soviet Conflicts and Their Implications for the West

The paper is devoted to Russia's approaches to the etno-political conflicts in the former USSR area. The author insists that Moscow has not elaborated the universal methods how to resolve conflicts in the South Caucasus, Moldova and Ukraine. Sometimes it uses the revisionist approaches (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Crimea) while in other cases demonstrates readiness to cooperate with the West (N.Karabakh).

Russia: The Everlasting Empire?

Several years ago, one of us wrote an article exploring methods of imperial expansion, arguing that there were numerous similarities between Russia's approach to projecting its influence in the wor...

Two Worlds Apart: A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Domestic Abuse Law and Policy in England and Wales and the Russian Federation

In 2015, s 76 of the Serious Crime Act 2015 introduced the new criminal offence of ‘controlling or coercive behaviour in an intimate or family relationship’. This is just one of many steps the UK government have taken in recent years to acknowledge the different forms of domestic abuse and power imbalances that can be present in intimate relationships. In contrast, in February 2017, the Russian government passed an amendment to the Russian Criminal Code to decriminalise some forms of assault, a step which many human rights activists have opposed. This article will compare the seemingly dichotomous approaches to domestic abuse adopted by England and Wales and Russia and will examine the effectiveness of both approaches in deterring domestic violence, providing adequate support for victims and meeting state obligations under international law. There has been extensive commentary on the approach to domestic abuse in England, the USA and Australia. In comparison, consideration of the approach in the Russian Federation is limited. This is in part due to the approach taken in Russia to dealing with domestic abuse as a private issue and the associated lack of available data. This article seeks to go behind closed doors to explore the Russian approach to tackling domestic abuse in a way that it has not previously been considered.

Russian experimental database for validation of computer codes used for safety analysis of nuclear facilities

As a result of past decades of nuclear industry development there have been created hundreds of unique experimental facilities with thousands of experimental studies carried out. The results of such studies form the scientific legacy of the nuclear power industry. The article describes Russian approach for keeping this scientific legacy available for the current and future generations of researches especially for those ones who interested in development, verification and validation of computer codes used for safety analysis of nuclear installations.In 2017 Russian nuclear regulatory authority (Rostechnadzor) and State Atomic Energy Corporation (Rosatom) agreed to combine their efforts on building the modern digital database of experimental facilities and the respective experimental data which describes process and phenomena in nuclear installations. The development of the database is being performed by the Scientific and Engineering Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SEC NRS) as a technical support organization (TSO) of Rostechnadzor.To design the structure and format of the Russian experimental database, the analysis of the best practices of international and national databases were carried out. To provide criteria for assessment of quality of the experimental data, regulatory requirements to the verification and validation of the computer codes, including the metrological requirements to measurements in the field of atomic energy use, were analyzed. The results of these analysis are presented in the article. It is shown that assessment of the already existing experimental data will help to understand, which topical areas have lack of high fidelity and modeling-oriented experimental data. The development of the requirements to the experiments with respect to the computer code developers needs could reduce the risk to obtain the poor quality experimental data in future.

Реализация принципа равенства в соглашениях в налоговой сфере: российский опыт

Реализация принципа равенства в соглашениях в налоговой сфере: российский опыт