Russian Texts Research Articles

The transformational paradigm of a phraseological unit in Russian speech within the space of predictability and unpredictability

The paper aims at presenting the research potential of the transformational paradigm of the phraseological unit as a set of all detected speech realisations of its updated invariant, formed not by the principle of “predicting” the possible transformations, but of “collecting” their actual variants in speech. The starting points in this case are both the intralingual multi-sided (according to R. Sternemann) model of comparing the actual speech updates of the phraseological unit with its invariant as tertium comparationis and the broad understanding of the object of phraseology. The basic methods are methods of total sampling and textual identification of the phraseological transform, component-variant analysis, methods of phraseological modelling, applicative method, methods of historical-etymological and linguocultural analysis. The material of the research contains transformation paradigms of different types of phraseological units collected and systematized by the author (wolf in sheep’s clothing, return of the prodigal son, step on the same rake, man in a skirt, Pandora’s box, he who has a tongue can find his way), which were formed on the material of Russian fiction and non-fiction texts, Russian and Russian-language printed and electronic media, including texts of Internet forums and blogs of the early 21st century as a space of network (often anonymous) media communication. The systematization of phraseotransforms in Russian speech and structuring the transformational paradigm, taking into account the internal and external levels in the form of a “matrix,” opens up opportunities for searching for the systemic and the asystemic, the predictable and the unpredictable, for generalising the linguistic and non-linguistic factors stimulating the phraseoransformation and phraseoformation of the phraseological invariant as well as for determining the ratio of creative capacities of the language system and the creativity of the authors of phraseological transforms. The proposed model of analysis can be used in the context of intralingual and inter-lingual comparisons.

“Lives of Others”: Phenomenon of Simulated Reality in Contemporary Popular Literature

The corpus of modern Russian and foreign popular texts is analyzed, in which the simulative space is considered and the question of simulative reality as a manifestation of escapism is raised. The theoretical basis of the work was the works of M. A. Chernyak, M. A. Litovskaya, N. A. Kupina, V. I. Mildon and other researchers devoted to popular literature in the broadest aspect. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that today the corpus of such texts is a promising social project that claims to be one of the dominant positions in the modern cultural context. The experience of many years of work of the authors in the field of modern mass culture is reflected in the article. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the nature of such a phenomenon as the phenomenon of simulated emigration in modern popular literature is considered. It is shown that works about travels recreate the national picture of the world, broadcast national specifics and acquaint the reader with the peculiarities of human life in a different geographical space. It is noted that the mass text is designed to immerse the recipient in a state of escapism, forcing them to master, among other things, a mentally alien reality. It is argued that popular travel texts tend to create a more eventful reality

Gender Factor in Associative Links of Words: Dictionary and Distributive-Semantic Model Data

The aim of the work is to make a comparative analysis of the associative links of full-meaning words from the upper zone of the frequency list, compiled on the basis of a research corpus of blog texts in Russian, in a psycholinguistic experiment and the distributivesemantic model Global Vectors (GloVe), trained on this corpus. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the psychologically relevant meaning of the word. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that such an analysis is carried out taking into account the gender factor of the respondent / author of the text. The use of a set of methods for data mining (clustering, classification) and visualization of its results made it possible to establish the influence of gender on the composition of the semantic associates of the analyzed words (that is, words with close vectors in the distributive-semantic model) and the absence of such an effect in their associates recorded in the associative dictionary. As the study showed, distributivesemantic models and dictionary associative norms reflect different aspects of the psychologically relevant content of the word and should be used as complementary sources when modeling the psychologically relevant meaning of the word, taking into account the individual characteristics of the speaker, while conducting such an analysis it is advisable to use data mining methods.

Традиция и манипуляция в практических изданиях по русскому народному знахарству

This article presents various ways of adapting Russian texts of folk magic and non-Russian magical traditions in contemporary Russian manuals of folk magic. The analyzed books belong to the genre of applied literature.Due to the extensive nature of the topic, ten books by six authors were selected for analysis (1998-2012). The main criterion for the selection of publications for analysis was the declaration by the authors of close relations with the Russian folk tradition – in particular, their belonging to families of healers who have passed on their knowledge and power from generation to generation.Behind the slogan of the “Russian folk healing tradition”, other ethnic traditions and occult practices taken from Western literature are often present. Ways of obfuscating this information include quoting spells from ethnographic publications and esoteric literature without indicating the source, or giving spells allegedly in another language that are in fact zaum'-like nonsense. Such literary mystification allows authors to manipulate the minds of readers, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to respond to their needs. Deliberate misleading of readers – like in the literary and folklore tradition – arises from the specific needs of the audience and serves the specific goals of the authors.

Comparative features of Russian and Chinese paremiological texts in linguistic and cultural aspects

The subject of the research is the specificity of the implementation of Russian and Chinese paremiological texts in the language picture of the world (which is conditioned by the national and linguocultural peculiarities of the Russian and Chinese languages). The object of the research is Russian and Chinese paremias as a reflection of the linguocultural dominants of Russia and China. The author examines in detail the aspects of the perception of paremiological texts in Russian and Chinese in a comparative aspect. Author reveals the concept of paremiological texts as a representation of the stereotypes of national consciousness, reflecting the accumulated experience, history, features of thinking and perception of the world. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of paremias in the context of socio-historical knowledge, material and spiritual culture, thinking of the Russian and Chinese peoples. The main conclusions of the study are: definition of paremias as significant elements of the language, reflecting the national cultural code; establishing a connection between paremiological texts and cultural and behavioral attitudes, creative and cognitive activities, as well as philosophy, etc. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is to identify the features of Russian and Chinese paremias: in particular, it is noted that Russian paremias are conditioned by their attachment to everyday life, everyday observations; Chinese – associated with philosophy, allegorical understanding of social and everyday phenomena. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in the framework of identifying the specifics of Russian and Chinese paremias in the language picture of the world, a number of little-studied concepts were considered. These concepts determine the features of the representation of national and linguocultural dominants of Russia and China.

Interlanguage interference: Multilevel linguocognitive approach

The article highlights several cognitive, psychological, and linguistic issues, reflecting the problems of the Russian language acquisition by the foreign students in the natural environment. The study is based on modern interpretations of language contacts and the specifics of intercultural communication, multilingualism, and communication studies. The study uses the techniques of a psycholinguistic experiment, a sociolinguistic survey, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis techniques, as well as various approaches to describing speech mistakes because of interlanguage interference. The material for the article was the data of the foreign informants' written survey in the multilingual environment of the host region. In the bilingual Russian-English questionnaire, it was required to justify the choice of the country, the university of study, difficulties in completing educational programs. The survey involved the foreigners who are at different stages of the Russian language acquisition. The main objective of the study was to establish the leading channels of the Russian language perception and to describe the interfering influence of the native languages and dialects of the Hindus, as well as international English, on the language of the host country acquisition. On the text fragments and individual statements, the directions of interlanguage interference were shown, its leading types were identified – phonetic, phonemic, grapheme, morphological and lexical. The role of the English language as an intermediary in the process of the new language acquisition has been established. The performed analysis confirmed the leading position in the sensory system of the auditory perception channel, prevailing over visual perception. There is a tendency to contamination of written and oral speech, compression, and the use of abbreviations; interlanguage interference at the semantic-cognitive, phonetic, phonemic, grapheme, phonemic-grapheme, morphological and lexical levels of the native languages and partially English. The strategy of using Internet translation and literal translation from English into Russian, represented as the author’s text in Russian, is determined. The survey showed that at an advanced level of the Russian language proficiency, the most problematic is the semantic differentiation of single-root lexemes formed prefixally.

Електродугове наплавлення зносостійких сплавів на основі заліза та нікелю на мідь

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Технологічні особливості зварювання сталі 30ХГСН2А

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Аргонодугове зварювання жароміцного титанового сплаву, легованого кремнієм

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Системи гігієнічної оцінки зварювальних матеріалів (Частина 2)

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Особливості структури паяних з’єднань молібден–ковар

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Вибір параметрів лазерного зварювання тонкостінних виробів із легких сплавів з ненаскрізним проплавленням

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Вплив режимів імпульсно-дугового зварювання на структуру і механічні властивості металу швів та ЗТВ зварних з’єднань сталі 30Х2Н2МДФ

Automatic Welding, 2022, №05. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

<i>Humanity</i> as a Universal of Russian Linguistic Culture

The article introduces the development of the content of Humanity as a universal of the Russian linguistic culture and an important structure-forming component of the national ethical worldview. The research objective was to study the relationship between the language and the ethno-historical consciousness of the Russian people. It was based on historical dictionaries of the Russian language, Old East Slavic and Old Russian language corpora, and modern texts from the national corpus of the Russian language. A cognitive experiment revealed the content of humanity as a cultural universal in the linguistic consciousness of young people. The research traced the dynamics of the concept and identified its invariable axiological component. The universal of humanity was greatly influenced by the Christian (Orthodox) tradition, Western European socio-cultural attitudes, and Soviet ideology. The lexeme entered the Russian language during the first three decades of the XIX century from European languages as a semantic synonym for the love for mankind. Some Old East Slavic and Old Russian texts contained a fairly large number of lexemes that name various practical manifestations of humanity, e.g., blagostynya, blagoserdiye, blagodetel'stvo, blagoutrobiye, miloserdiye, milost', etc. At the stage of lexical development, the word humanity meant the positive quality of educated people, like elsewhere in Western Europe. In Soviet Russia, the phenomenon of humanity began to be understood as disinterested help to an indefinite multitude of the "poor and oppressed", as benevolence towards all "working people", and an uncompromising struggle against "enemies". In the modern Russian linguistic culture and the linguistic consciousness of students, humanity is associated primarily with such axiological dominants as kindness, compassion, love for one's neighbor, and respect and caring attitude towards all living things.

Experimental Study of Language Models of "Transformer" in the Problem of Finding the Answer to a Question in a Russian-Language Text

The aim of the study is to obtain a more lightweight language model that is comparable in terms of EM and F1 with the best modern language models in the task of finding the answer to a question in a text in Russian. The results of the work can be used in various question-and-answer systems for which response time is important. Since the lighter model has fewer parameters than the original one, it can be used on less powerful computing devices, including mobile devices. In this paper, methods of natural language processing, machine learning, and the theory of artificial neural networks are used. The neural network is configured and trained using the Torch and Hugging face machine learning libraries. In the work, the DistilBERT model was trained on the SberQUAD dataset with and without distillation. The work of the received models is compared. The distilled DistilBERT model (EM 58,57 and F1 78,42) was able to outperform the results of the larger ruGPT-3-medium generative network (EM 57,60 and F1 77,73), despite the fact that ruGPT-3-medium had 6,5 times more parameters. The model also showed better EM and F1 metrics than the same model, but to which only conventional training without distillation was applied (EM 55,65, F1 76,51). Unfortunately, the resulting model lags further behind the larger robert discriminative model (EM 66,83, F1 84,95), which has 3,2 times more parameters. The application of the DistilBERT model in question-and-answer systems in Russian is substantiated. Directions for further research are proposed.

Сравнительная степень имен прилагательных и наречий как средство репрезентации центра функционально-семантического поля компаративности в немецком, английском и русском языках (на материале текстов метеосводок)

The aim of the study is to identify common and distinctive features in using the forms of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs in the languages under consideration. This work is dedicated to the examination of the morphological means of expressing comparison in weather report texts in the German, English and Russian languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the category of comparativeness is considered and the morphological means that form the centre of the functional-semantic field are for the first time compared in weather report texts in German, English and Russian. As a result, it has been found that the forms of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs serve as a means of manifesting expression in weather report texts in German, English and Russian.

How Evidence-Based Medicine Developed in Russia: From Internet Forums to Evidence-Based Clinics

The essay analyzes the transformation of the role and status of evidence-based medicine as a distinct phenomenon in the Russian context in the period from 2000 to 2021. Over these 20 years, evidence-based medicine, having gone from “the knowledge for the elite” to “a fashionable cliché,” has in fact become a brand, a marketing tool. Today, in the Russian-language mass media and on social media, expressions like “evidence-based clinic” and “evidence-based doctor” serve as a certain “mark of quality,” a brand. The increased popularity of social media has resulted in them becoming the main channel through which “evidence-based” doctors and clinics popularize medical knowledge, earn credibility, and find patients. I analyze this transformation of evidence-based medicine, in part, from the position of participant observation with elements of autoethnography. Assessing the ongoing changes from the perspective of a patient/client of medical services and specific doctors, I simultaneously reflect on them as an observer-researcher, drawing on external sources (expert statements, information from clinics’ websites, scholarship, publications in the media and social networks, etc.). The essay highlights three main factors that determined the trajectory of the development of evidence-based medicine: the marginal status of evidence-based medicine in the national healthcare system; institutional restructuring of the healthcare system in the post-Soviet period and the emergence of private medical care; generational change and the emergence of patients of the ”new formation.” The popularization of the principles of evidence-based medicine and their subsequent introduction into the practice of Russian private medical centers were accompanied not only by an improvement in the quality of diagnostics and treatment, but also by the birth of a patient of a “new formation”—not just a “demanding consumer” but a patient/consumer who is active, competent, willing to understand issues related to their own health and the health of their loved ones. The topic of personal health and health of loved ones is extremely sensitive, and we are dealing with a complex mix of negative experiences, a desire to control, fear, a sense of one’s own vulnerability, and, as a result, not only a desire but a clearly expressed need to trust the doctor and the medical system. In part, this problem can be solved by the concept of evidence-based medicine, aimed at ensuring the most effective interaction between the medical system and the patient. The widespread promotion of the principles of evidence-based medicine and the development of telemedicine can be seen as factors contributing to the reduction of inequality in access to quality medical services. Specialized social networks where reputable doctors recommend their colleagues and specific clinics help alleviate the problem of the devaluation of evidence-based medicine and its use as an advertising tool. Text in Russian

Прагматика текстовых трансформаций экзаменационного дискурса

The purpose of the study is to identify the subject-based content and lexical composition of texts included in the examination discourse for the Unified State Examination in the Russian Language. Scientific novelty lies in identifying the types of text transformations in the examination discourse in the setting where the original text contradicts the level of cognitive and linguistic maturity of the test taker. As a result of an intralingual comparison of texts at the level of text and vocabulary, it has been found that examination texts in Russian contain information mainly about moral values and human relationships, featuring anthropocentricity, while taboo vocabulary is compressed or replaced.

Особливості структури та властивості шарів металу, наплавлених із попереднім нанесенням карбідів титана та бора

Automatic Welding, 2022, №04. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Центробіжне плазмове наплавлення втулок бурових насосів

Automatic Welding, 2022, №04. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.