Russian State Standards Research Articles

Investigation of physical and chemical parameters of the raw hydrocarbon material base of Kaliningrad region for the concept development of an oil refinery

The article analyzes the factors that determine the necessity of oil refinery construction in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation. The assessment of the existing and prospective raw material base is performed. The data for the development of the feasibility study for an oil refinery construction are formed and analyzed. Taking into account the outdated data on the parameters of hydrocarbon raw materials produced in the region, as well as significant changes in the raw material base due to the tendency to develop offshore, rather than continental, fields the physical and chemical parameters of the oil fields of the Kaliningrad region are investigated for the possibility of their further use in oil refining in order to obtain high-quality gasoline and diesel fuel. The laboratory studies of oil samples on viscosity, density, fractional composition, content of sulfur, chloride salts, mechanical impurities, water, and flash point determination are carried out on the basis of the Russian state standards. The different variants of the refinery layouts are analyzed, considering the available raw material base. Taking into account the initial data obtained, a preliminary pre-design study of the technological scheme and the refinery mass balance is carried out and presented in the article.

ТЕРМИНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

The author analyzes the formation of terms in the field of artificial intelligence. The article considers the way of creat-ing specialist vocabulary – attraction. Attraction is the borrowing of terms and phrases from literary language into pro-fessional terminology. To date, the terminological field of artificial intelligence consists of 452 terms. All terms are in-cluded in the paragraphs «Terms and Definitions» of the Russian State Standards on Artificial Intelligence. Out of 452 terms, 238 are attracted terms (53%). These are words and word combinations. In this article the author analyzes only attracted words – 92 terms (38%). The adaptation of attracted words to perform the function of a term is carried out in the following ways: 1) regrouping of semes. The term lacks some of the semes of the literary word. However, new, pe-ripheral semes appear. They become significant for the term. In scientific and technical sciences, semes, which reflect factors of extra-linguistic reality, are more important for the semantics of the term than conceptual semes; 2) metaphorization. For metaphorical terms the author reconstructs semantic overlap with words of literary lan-guage. AI terms receive the properties inherent in humans; 3) specification of differential features. As a result of this process, the semantics of the specialist word is enriched with new semantics. Additional specifying features appear; 4) narrowing of the meaning due to the introduction of limiting words. Limiters are markers of belonging to a particular professional field, in our case – belonging to the terminology of artificial intelligence. The interpretation of a literary word and the definition of the term in general are almost identical, but the definition of the term contains a reference to a certain terminological field; 5) cutting off the semantics of a commonly used word. A literary word has its lexical meaning cut off and a strictly scientific definition attached.

Effect of bacterial serine proteinase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

We evaluated the effect of adding subtilisin-like Bacillus pumilus proteinase to the diet of Hubboard broiler chickens on growth, digestibility of feed nutrients, blood characteristics, meat quality and histological parameters. One hundred and eighty broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups and received 2 feed rations from 0 to 35 days. The diet was either a basic diet without additives (BD) or a basic diet supplemented with B. pumilus proteinase at a concentration of 10 units/kg feed. We found that the addition of proteinase did not adversely (P < 0.05) affect the blood counts of broilers throughout the experiment. In the balanced experiment, we showed that with the addition of the microbial enzyme, the digestibility of the organic matter of the broilers diet increases considerably (P < 0.05). Veterinary sanitary examination and histological studies led to the conclusion that the broiler meat of the experimental group complies with Russian state standards (GOST) for fresh meat of good quality. It was established that the addition of proteinase to the main diet for broilers enhances the digestibility of the organic and mineral components of the broiler feed ration and reduces the amount of feed consumed.

Effect of AgpP-P phytase supplementation on productivity, nutrient availability, zoo-sanitary meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of AgpP-P phytase supplementation on productivity, nutrient availability, zoo-sanitary assessment of meat and serum biochemical parameters of Hubbard broilers. A total of 180 one-day-old Hubbard broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and experimental) with 3 replicates and 30 broilers per replicate. In the experimental group, the diet was supplemented with phytase preparation at 1000 FTU/kg. Results showed that phytase supplementation increased body weight and absolute weight gain in Hubbard broilers, while reducing the total amount of feed consumed by birds (P < 0.05). Phytase improved the availability and absorption of organic nutrients, calcium and phosphorus. However, no differences were observed for N absorption (P<0.05). Phytase supplementation increased Ca and P contents, total protein level and alanine aminotransferase activity, and reduced urea level, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in serum (P < 0.05). The meat of phytase-fed broilers meets Russian State Standards for fresh, good-quality meat based on organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics. In conclusion, it was established that the addition of phytase at 1000 FTU/kg to the diet for broilers enhances the digestibility of the organic and mineral components of the feed ration, increases body weight in birds and reduces the amount of feed consumed.

Экспериментальная оценка прочности склеивания древесины по длине на прямоугольные прессованные шипы

Commercialization of the new splicing method requires confirmation of its high quality. The main quality indicator of adhesive joint is its strength. The aim of the study is an experimental evaluation of the bending strength and tensile strength of end joints with rectangular pressed fingers (case study of pine wood blanks). The joints of two types: A and B, with a pitch of 4.2 and 8.2 mm and depth of mortises of 10 and 20 mm, respectively, were studied. The strength of the samples was determined taking into account the requirements of the Russian State Standards GOST 15613.4 and GOST 15613.5. In order to evaluate the quality of joints, we used the indicator “relative strength”; it is the ratio of the joint strength to the solid wood strength. Statistical processing was carried out both by data groups, and for each size and each test type separately. This allowed us to establish the average values of strength for each individual group of samples, as well as to obtain a statistically valid joint evaluation of some indicators. Joints of type A with small fingers showed better results in tensile strength (59.5 %) compared to joints of type B (53.2 %). No statistically significant effect of the joint type was revealed, when processing the results of bending tests in the studied range. Therefore, the average bending strength (80.2 %) characterizes both types of joints. Moreover, the strength of these two types of joints with sufficient reliability can be characterized by the average tensile strength (56.4 %). At the same time, both types of joints correspond in strength to the standard requirements to the products with adhesive end joints. The test results vary in a relatively narrow range, which indicates a stable quality of adhesive joints with rectangular fingers made by pressing. This study demonstrates the possibility of using rectangular pressed fingers for the manufacture of joints based on them.For citation: Rubleva O.A., Gorokhovsky A.G. Experimental Evaluation of Strength of End Joints with Rectangular Pressed Fingers. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 3, pp. 128–142. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-3-128-142

Bituminous mineral compositions for paving with cullet

Increasing amount of nonbiodegradable wastes has postured major natural concern particularly in developing nations. The impacts of pulverized wastes, such as glass bottles (cullet), as halfway constitution of fine aggregates within the characteristics of hot blend asphalt was studied to move forward such challenge. The perspective direction of utilization of household glass wastes (cullet) is its use in structures of bituminous mineral compositions for paving. Rational structures of fine-grained bituminous mineral compositions with the inclusion of a cullet of 15−5 mm fractions are developed. The application of cullet significantly reduces the bitumen content of bituminous mineral compositions. The rational limits of cullet maintenance in fine-grained bituminous mineral compositions are set in 28–36 % wt. The shear and crack resistance of bituminous mineral compositions with the rational maintenance of cullet in the mixture meets the requirements of Russian State Standards. The high frost resistance of the developed structures (more than 100 freeze–thaw cycles) is established. The analysis of stress and strain state at various operational temperatures shows the increased deformation stability and high deformation resistance of the developed compositions.

Содержание сайта сопровождения региональной студенческой олимпиады по инженерной и компьютерной графике

At the beginning of this paper has been pointed a large number of works, in which organizational, methodological and informational questions related to student competitions of different levels on graphic cycle’s courses are considered. In Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" in 2000-2012 were hold 13 city (regional) student competitions on engineering and computer graphics (ECG) among St. Petersburg high educational institutions. In 2013-2016 regional student competitions were hold in Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University). In this paper has been presented the main page of the site for supporting of regional student competitions on engineering and computer graphics preparation and holding in the St. Petersburg region. Has been demonstrated an example for representation of original data for one of the task options (2016) where it was necessary to create solid models of two parts, assemblies of these parts with standard fasteners, associative drawings of one part and assembly, and the assembly specification. Have been presented tables with criteria for assessments the development correctness of four documents: the part drawing, the assembly drawing, the specification, and a document with the assembly’s axonometric view and a localized section of two parts connection by fasteners. Has been considered a compilation of reference data from the Russian State Standards for student competition task fulfillment. This compilation usage excludes the need for reference books with a large amount of excess information not related to competition tasks. Has been presented information about the procedure for evaluation of performed competition tasks. The efficiency of preparation for participation in the competition based on the analysis of competition tasks performed in previous years has been marked. The experience in preparing students for participation in competitions shows the effectiveness of posting informational and methodical materials on the relevant thematic sites.

Releases from the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam for calculating properties of steam, ordinary and heavy water substance and seawater

An overview of the developed in recent years documents from the working group on thermophysical properties of water and steam from the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (www.iapws.org) is given. Not only brief description of each Formulation is given, but also information about relationship between them is provided. Most of listed documents are international and Russian state standards.

Пожарно-технические характеристики строительных материалов в европейских и российских нормативных документах. Проблемы гармонизации методов исследования и классификации

The necessity of harmonization of national and international standards in construction is reflected in the orders of the President of the Russian Federation following the meeting of the State Council held on 17 may 2016. In Russia, each of the properties the fire hazard of building materials (combustibility, flammability, smoke-forming ability and toxicity of combustion products, flame spreading over the surface), are divided into groups, membership of which is determined by using regulated testing and a clear gradation of values. Based on the tests define the properties of fire danger, and together these properties of the construction material is categorized into five classes of fire danger KM0, KM1, KM2, KM3, KM4 frames, KM5 accordance with the requirements of Federal law No. 123 “Technical regulation on fire safety requirements”. The aim of the investigation. Assessment of the necessary steps to overcome the systemic barriers interaction of national and European standardization systems. Methods. Numerous studies have found that currently existing in the Russian Federation, regulatory documents on fire safety contain largely different from the European fire safety requirements for building materials. Also largely missing are comparable methods of researches (tests) and measurements for conformity to fire safety requirements. In some cases, with the same classes assigned to the materials in accordance with European standard, classes of fire hazard, rated in accordance with Russian state standards, vary considerably. Results. The lack of correlated characteristics, which are required for determining the class of fire hazard of the material, is the main obstacle for the interaction of domestic and European measurement systems. Conclusion. To accelerate this process: § requires a systematic approach to the process of harmonization, a clear understanding of the hierarchy of the regulatory documents and their mappings, the so-called “road map” development and adoption of international and European standards in the industry; § development, adoption of the algorithm and the rules of the association of test results with a certain (predetermined) error in different classifications with the introduction of these recommendations in the regulations.

Features of Using the Russian State Standards and the Eurocodes for the Protection and Repair of Concrete Structures

The corrosion is one of the main deterioration reasons of structural concrete and reinforced concrete. The corrosion is a consequence of unsatisfactory construction maintenances, poor diagnosis of defects' causes and no fracture control of concrete structures and also incorrect repair specifications and incorrect products and techniques selecting for the repair inevitably lead to the concrete structures' deterioration. The most countries are taking care to developing of the national standards for using as manuals for the protection and repair of concrete structures against corrosion to avoid these negative factors. The article authors are offering the comparative analysis of the harmonized Russian state standards and Eurocodes for the protection and repair of concrete structures against corrosion.

Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow in Situ: Role of Physicochemical Properties of Artificial Surfaces

Correlation analysis demonstrated the role of inorganic parameters of the surfaces of calcium phosphate materials in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal precursors. The progenitor stromal cells were isolated from syngeneic bone marrow immobilized in vitro on calcium phosphate surfaces with different structure, phasic, and elemental composition. After 45 days of subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis in BALB/c mice, the tissues grown on these matrixes were characterized histologically. It was found that adhesion of bone marrow cells is the initial stage determining their future proliferation (conduction) over the artificial surface and the area of formed tissue plate. The success of histogenesis depends on surface roughness. The optimal roughness class was 4-5 (Russian State Standards), which enables differentiation of progenitor stromal cells under the specific microenvironmental conditions into the connective and adipose tissue cells. Differentiation of the progenitor cells into the stromal cells producing the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment also takes place in the foci of active hemopoiesis. Induction of osteogenic potential of the stromal precursors (osteoinduction) is determined by the ratio between calcium and phosphate atoms in surface coatings. In our experimental system, osteogenic differentiation of stromal mechanocytes was blocked only at Ca/P<0.5.

Metrological Provision of Ultrasonic Defectoscopes for General Purposes under Production and Operating Conditions

Objective data for determining defect parameters with the aim of optimizing monitored characteristics during operation of general purpose modern ultrasonic defect detectors in-situ are systematized. The redundancy of periodic verification by the Russian State Standards Organization of ultrasonic defect detector and piezoelectric transducer parameters is demonstrated. Recommendations are given for improving standard documents.

Some characteristics of certification of petroleum products by petroleum product supply organizations

Under the new rules approved by the Russian State Standards Committee, beginning in 1999, petroleum product supply organizations (PPSO) must obligatorily certify products delivered in bulk, i.e., they must provide their own certificates in addition to the supplier’s (manufacturer’s) certificate. However, the mature structure of the enterprises and large number of brands of petroleum products which they tranship raises certain organizational problems in certification related to the high material costs for the applicant.