ТЕРМИНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

Abstract

The author analyzes the formation of terms in the field of artificial intelligence. The article considers the way of creat-ing specialist vocabulary – attraction. Attraction is the borrowing of terms and phrases from literary language into pro-fessional terminology. To date, the terminological field of artificial intelligence consists of 452 terms. All terms are in-cluded in the paragraphs «Terms and Definitions» of the Russian State Standards on Artificial Intelligence. Out of 452 terms, 238 are attracted terms (53%). These are words and word combinations. In this article the author analyzes only attracted words – 92 terms (38%). The adaptation of attracted words to perform the function of a term is carried out in the following ways: 1) regrouping of semes. The term lacks some of the semes of the literary word. However, new, pe-ripheral semes appear. They become significant for the term. In scientific and technical sciences, semes, which reflect factors of extra-linguistic reality, are more important for the semantics of the term than conceptual semes; 2) metaphorization. For metaphorical terms the author reconstructs semantic overlap with words of literary lan-guage. AI terms receive the properties inherent in humans; 3) specification of differential features. As a result of this process, the semantics of the specialist word is enriched with new semantics. Additional specifying features appear; 4) narrowing of the meaning due to the introduction of limiting words. Limiters are markers of belonging to a particular professional field, in our case – belonging to the terminology of artificial intelligence. The interpretation of a literary word and the definition of the term in general are almost identical, but the definition of the term contains a reference to a certain terminological field; 5) cutting off the semantics of a commonly used word. A literary word has its lexical meaning cut off and a strictly scientific definition attached.