Russian State Military Archive Research Articles

Военный корреспондент и переводчик К. Лютов (И. Бабель). Новый комментарий к конармейскому дневнику писателя

For the first time, the documents of the 6th Cavalry Division of the First Cavalry Army, recently identified in the Russian State Military Archive, which are associated with the participants of the American military air squadron named after T. T. Kościuszko,, who fought in 1920, during the Soviet-Polish war, on the side of the Polish army, are published and introduced into scientific circulation. It is about Babel’s conversation with captured pilot M.C. Cooper, who introduced himself as Frank Mosher, and about the questionnaire compiled by the writer, as well as about Babel’s translation into Russian of a letter to New York, Colonel B.F. Castle, from squadron commander C.E. Fauntleroy. Both documents are Babel’s texts and are certified by his handwritten signature as K. Lyutov (his military pseudonym). These documents not only serve as a commentary on Babel’s diary note of July 14, 1920, they largely clarify the content of this note and, in addition, add significant details to the biography of Cooper during the Polish campaign. Cooper became later a famous film director, producer and screenwriter who shot the cult film “King Kong” in 1933.

Протоиерей Григорий Прозоров (1864-1942) – настоятель Патриаршего прихода в Берлине

The article examines the biography of one of the significant figures of the Russian Orthodox Church of the twentieth century – Archpriest Grigory Yakovlevich Prozorov. After graduating from the Kiev Theological Academy, he was actively engaged in pedagogical and spiritual-educational, as well as socio-political activities, being an adherent of extreme right-wing views. In exile, in Serbia and since 1924 in Germany, Archpriest G. Prozorov remained under the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Evlogiy (Georgievsky), refusing to submit to Bishop Tikhon (Lyashchenko) of the ROCOR. Since 1930, he was the only representative of the Church of the Moscow Patriarchate in Germany, remaining faithful to it until the end of his life. The parishioners of the temples of Archpriest Gregory were famous scientists S. L. Frank and I. A. Stratonov. canonical and property, disagreements between the three branches of Russian Orthodoxy in Germany: ROCOR, "Evlogians" - supporters of Metropolitan Evlogy and the Moscow Patriarchate, on the other hand – in the face of harassment by German punitive authorities, in particular, the Gestapo. The article is based on numerous materials, first introduced into scientific circulation from the Bundesarchiv (Berlin), the Russian State Military Archive and Russian emigrant periodicals in Germany.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ДЕМИЛИТАРИЗАЦИИ РУССКОГО ФРОНТА ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article presents the main approaches to understanding the environmental consequences of the demilitarization of the Russian front during the First World War. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the key aspects of the demilitarization of the military landscapes of the front during the demobilization of the Russian army from October 1917 to March 1918, and to identify the long-term consequences of the impact of this process on the environment. The geographical scope of the study is mainly limited to the South-Western Front, which until October 1917 was the longest in the European theatre of operations and the demobilization of which has hardly been studied. The study is based on archival material from the Russian State Archive of Military History, the Russian State Military Archive and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as published sources. The paper contains the analysis of the threats posed to the front and the frontline territory by the collapse of the Russian army, unauthorized chaotic demobilization and loss of control over military property, the practices of remilitarization of the front space, as well as the long-term consequences of the unfinished demobilization of the army and the demilitarization of the front. The author concludes that during the demobilization and subsequent remilitarization of the former Russian front, the basic environmental practices, no longer controlled by responsible civilian institutions such as zemstvos, became even more predatory. The loss of control over military property by the military command in October-November 1917 was accompanied by the loss of control over order in the districts of the frontline provinces by the local civilian authorities. If during the war years demilitarization (cleaning trenches and their surroundings from the effects of suffocating gases, sanitation, land reclamation, collecting weapons from battlefields) was practiced as a means of preserving the combat effectiveness of the army, then chaotic demobilization overshadowed these environmental issues with trivial problems of transporting and preserving military property. In the environmental field, these effects become particularly clear when we examine the economic processes of the inter-war period.

Аншлюс Австрии 1938 г. и позиция «великих держав»: путь к катастрофе. На основе новых архивных документов

The annexation of the Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938 is an important element in the crisis of the Versailles system of international relations, which ended with the outbreak of World War II in Europe. The particular historical and political importance of this event consisted in the fact, that it was the first aggressive action of the Third Reich that led to the disappearance of a sovereign state from the map of Europe. However, despite the significance of this tragedy, it seems to be insufficiently studied in scientific literature. It should be pointed out that the First Austrian republic is often regarded in the Russian as well as foreign historiography as a subject of international relations completely dependent on Germany, fully following in the wake of the foreign policy of its large German-speaking neighbor. It should be pointed out that, with regard to the Soviet foreign policy, many foreign and Russian historians draw the conclusion that Austria played an insignificant role in the foreign policy planning of the Soviet Union. The little-known documents derived from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Military Archive, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, as well as the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation suggest otherwise. Special attention is paid to the economic side of the Anschluss, which is rarely touched upon in modern historiography. The methodological basis of the research presented below constitute historical-genetic and historical-systemic methods that are used to trace the evolution of the European system of international relations of that period. In this way, a multidimensional approach to the issues considered in the article allows us to recreate a holistic picture of the events of that time, as well as to restore the true cause-and-effect relationships between them. This circumstance is of particular importance in the context of the increasingly frequent attempts to rewrite the history of the Second World War and belittle the efforts of the Soviet Union to prevent it. The authors conclude that based on the new archival documents, it is possible to draw an unambiguous conclusion that the Anschluss became one of the key moments in European history, which made the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe inevitable. It consolidated the main foreign policy line of Western democracies to appease the aggressors, eliminated the last serious obstacles to the union of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy and demonstrated the impossibility of implementing in practice a collective security strategy based on the proposals of the Soviet Union on a united anti-German front.

Hungarian Volunteer Anti-Fascist Armed Groups during the Great Patriotic War

Using the example of the history of Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups created during the Great Patriotic War, the author identifies the factors that became decisive in the formation of a “foreign” military unit. The source base used in the research includes both published and unpublished documents from three federal archives - the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Military Archive, and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The creation of Hungarian military units was complicated by the lack of an organized anti-fascist movement among prisoners of war, who for the most part remained loyal to the regime of Miklós Horthy. The changes in the domestic and foreign political situation of Hungary in 1944 contributed to the development of the volunteer movement and the beginning of the process of forming Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups. The author comes to the conclusion that the decisive factors that influenced the formation of the Hungarian volunteer units were the external ones. They contributed to the growth of anti-fascist and anti-German sentiment among prisoners of war, which led to a change in the attitude of the Hungarians to the idea of creating volunteer units; it allowed the Soviet command to begin their deployment at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.

Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Military Units Created in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War: Effectiveness Analysis

Based on the example of the history of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps and the 1st Yugoslav Infantry Brigade created on the territory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, there are revealed the peculiarities of the effectiveness of “foreign” military units on the territory of a third country. To date, these issues have not been sufficiently studied in historical science. The source base used in the research includes both published and unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Military Archive and Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. It is shown that despite similar conditions of the formation and assistance from the USSR, the destinies of the Czechoslovak army corps and the Yugoslav brigade were different. The former became a symbol of Czechoslovakia’s struggle against Nazism and the basis of the new Czechoslovak army, whereas the Yugoslav brigade underwent “reformatting”, “dissolved” in the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia; it did not become the basis of the new Yugoslav army and then practically passed into oblivion. The author concludes that with regard to the effectiveness of the Czechoslovak army corps and the Yugoslav brigade, the decisive role was played by the relationship of their command with the main political participant in the process of creating these military units, on whose will both the achievement of the goals set and their very existence depended; the other factors were indirect.

Combat Training of Personnel of the Moscow Military District units in 1934-1940

The author analyzes the indicators reflecting the level of combat training of the units of the Moscow Military District in 1934-1940. There is considered the organization of the training process of units as one of the main components of effective military training. The data collection on the level of training of the Red Army personnel and headquarters commanders in the framework of tactical and marksmanship training is studied. The source base of the work was the office documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. It is concluded that in the course of implementing the process of combat training of the Moscow Military District units, some progress was made. In particular, individual training of soldiers and small units increased; the results of shooting improved. At the same time, there were constant problems, such as the organization of the training, the shortage of qualified personnel, as well as the level of tactical training.

Bor'ba vojsk NKVD SSSR po ohrane zheleznyh dorog s hishcheniyami gruzov v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of the struggle of the NKVD troops for the protection of railways with the theft of goods during the Great Patriotic War. The source base of the research is the documents deposited in the funds of the Russian State Military Archive, the generalization of which made it possible to analyze management decisions aimed at improving methods of countering criminal elements within steel highways and positive practices of ensuring the safety of property, as well as to reveal the specifics of thefts committed on railway transport. The relevance of the topic is determined by the strategic importance of railway transportation in peacetime and wartime, as well as the need to form objective historical knowledge about the service and combat activities of the NKVD troops of the USSR.

The enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen and covert Propaganda of Weimar Germany abroad, 1923-1932

The subject of the study is the activity of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen, an organization created after the outbreak of the Ruhr crisis in 1923 by the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce to conduct export propaganda abroad. The article analyzes documents from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive and the German Federal Archives related to the functioning of this structure in 1923-1932. The purpose of the study is to determine how the Hamburg organization managed to deploy large—scale propaganda activity that spread to almost all countries of the world and acquired national significance in Weimar Germany. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of various areas of work, interaction with official departments and the impact of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 on the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen. Based on the study, it was revealed that the organization formed in Hamburg published various printed products, an information service was created abroad, and the key direction was covert penetration into the foreign press. The article shows that the reason for such activity lay in the interest of the economic circles of the region in improving the image of the country abroad in order to normalize foreign trade relations, and the possibility of its implementation — in the presence of the necessary connections for propaganda in foreign countries. One of the results of the study is the conclusion that the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen affected not only export, but also cultural and political propaganda and was supported by the government interested in carrying out propaganda activities in a hidden form and through private structures. Over the years, the Hamburg-based organization has increasingly come under the influence of the state, whose assistance has become especially urgent after the global economic crisis of 1929-1933.

Trade, Economic and Political Relations between Soviet Russia and the Chinese Province of Xinjiang in 1921-1922

The author analyzes the features and results of trade, economic and political relations of the Chinese province of Xinjiang with Soviet Russia and the USSR in 1921-1922. The main sources for the preparation of the article were historical and archival materials on the trade and economic relations of Xinjiang with Russia and the Soviet Union (1896-1949) in Chinese, as well as documents from a number of Moscow archives (the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian State Military Archive, the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation). The analysis showed that during the period under review the Soviet-Xinjiang trade, economic and political relations were rather ambiguous. This is evidenced by statistical data on the volume of trade for 1921 and 1922, which, despite the measures taken by Moscow, did not increase. In addition, it should be emphasized that the range and list of goods supplied by the parties changed significantly. The author comes to the conclusion that in 1921-1922 there did not take place the final restoration and development of all-round ties between the Soviet Union and the Chinese province of Xinjiang. It was the Soviet leadership that was the initiator of the bilateral rapprochement.

Searching for Forms and Methods of Acting on Indigenous Population by Turkestan Soviet and Communist Party Bodies in the Context of Fighting the Basmachi in 1918-1924

The protest movement of the Turkestani indigenous population against the Soviet rule known in history as “Basmachi movement” became the most important stage of the Civil War in the Central Asian territory of the former Russian Empire. This phenomenon, complicated in terms of motivating features, social composition, and ideological dimensions, had been researched throughout the entire period of Soviet Union. However, the researchers were conditioned by rigid ideological framework, the ban on access to documental sources, and several other restrictions, that excluded the possibility to provide unbiased objective assessment of the Basmachi phenomenon. Questions relating to the true causes of the movement, and specifically those that disclosed the support to the movement from the majority of Turkestani population, remained beyond the research scope. The collapse of the USSR, the access to formerly classified closed archives made it possible to largely change the view on the history of this popular protest. In the proposed paper, the author’s research is supported by materials from newly identified sources in the holdings of the Russian State Military Archive and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. The author claims in the paper that a significant part of the causes that boosted the scale of the movement and its support from the population resulted from gross mistakes of the Soviet government in socio-political reforms and especially in matters of nationalities policy. Correcting these mistakes, applying new forms and methods of acting on indigenous peoples made it possible for Bolsheviks to gain the victory over the Basmachi and bring the internal political situation in the region to stability.

Еще раз о неудавшейся попытке эмиграции Ф. К. Сологуба и А. Н. Чеботаревской. Приложение. А. В. Карташев. Письмо к К. К. Энкелю

The article attempts to reconstruct the most dramatic episode of Sologub’s and Chebotarevs-kaya’s later days, their persistent efforts to emigrate from the Soviet Russia between 1919 and 1921. The recently discovered documents (primarily from the Russian State Military Archive), enrich the chronicle of these attempts with new documents and characters; the role of L. D. Trotsky, L. B. Kamenev and other prominent Bolsheviks appears in a different light. A letter from A.V. Kartashev to K. K. Enkel, requesting an entrance permit to Finland (March 1919), is published in the Appendix.

Деятельность органов НКВД−НКГБ−МВД−МГБ СССР по обеспечению общественной безопасности на территории Западной Белоруссии в (1939−1953 гг.)

Importance. Interest in the events taking place on the territory of Western Belarus in the period 1939–1953 is supported both by the complexity and inconsistency of the processes that are taking place today in the Russian Federation and abroad, and by the insufficient degree of study of certain issues related to the activities of law enforcement agencies in the history of our state. Topics related to the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR bodies on the territory of Western Belarus in 1939–1953 are currently not sufficiently studied in detail by historical science, which leads to the falsification of historical events of those years. The purpose of the research is to reveal the historical events taking place on the territory of the western regions of Belarus and the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the Soviet state to ensure public safety in 1939–1953 in this region. Materials and Methods. The research is based on declassified archival materials of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Military Archive. Party materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus (CPB), Minsk, Brest and Pinsk regional committees of the CPB, the Political Department of the Red Army, documents of the Belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement and the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR – the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (1934–1960) are studied. Both general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as synchronistic and problem-chronological methods are used. Results and Discussion. The German aggression against Poland in 1939 contributed to the reunification of Western and Eastern Belarus, and also put before the state authorities of the USSR the restructuring of all spheres of life of the local population. The features and directions of restructuring the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR to ensure public safety in the specified historical period on the territory of Western Belarus are investigated. Specific measures that were carried out by the law enforcement agencies of the USSR to ensure public security in the western regions of Belarus in the period 1939–1953 are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR to eliminate the nationalist underground on the eve of the war and in the post-war period on the territory of Western Belarus. Conclusion. The joint activities of law enforcement agencies and state authorities played an important role in ensuring public safety in the territory of Western Belarus in 1939–1953.

Источники по истории российско-финляндских отношений начала ХХ в.: проблемы и перспективы публикации

The review examines content and features of sources published in the three-volume collection “Russia and the Independence of Finland” (2021), prepared by the Russian-Finnish team of authors (compiled by M. V. Zelenov and P. Hakala) headed by the head of the Federal Archival Agency, Doctor of Historical Sciences A. N. Artizov, with participation of the National Archive of Finland. The publication presents documents from the Russian federal archives: State Archive of the Russian Federation (GA RF), Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE), Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF), Russian State Military Archive (RGVA); from departmental archives: Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (WUA RF), Archive of the President of the Russian Federation (AP RF); and from the National Archive of Finland (NAF). From the NAF fonds have been chosen for publication mostly Russian-language documents of Russian institutions and officials. The collection contains documents revealing the development of political process starting with the Grand Duchy of Finland’s struggle for autonomy and ending with Finland’s movement for the state independence. Commentary, nominal and geographical indexes, chronicle of events, appendices with a list of resolutions of the Russian and Soviet institutions in Finland are of independent scientific significance. Absence of illustrative materials is compensated by lists of photographic documents, including photographs and documentary newsreel footage, with indication of the archives. The collection materials expand the source base of research, reflect specifics of the source base on the history of Russian-Finnish relations, where prevail documents on the legal status of the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. The authors pay considerable attention not only to the legal controversy of the parties, but also to documents revealing the complex political relations between Russia and Finland, especially in the period of 1917–20. Introduction into scientific use of documents containing information on the underlying causes of confrontation between the Russian and Finnish political elites of the Russian Empire and on interaction of the Soviet and Finnish structures give credit to the team of Russian and Finnish archivists. Among documents published for the first time, stand out documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the support of revolutionary movement in Russia in 1905–07 by the Finnish left-wing political forces. The documents point to diverging positions of Russian bureaucracy on the Finnish issue and search for compromise solutions. Introduction into scientific use of documents containing information on the underlying causes of confrontation between Russian and Finnish political elites and their publication are associated with difficulties in deciphering handwritten texts and their translation from French, Swedish, and other languages. It is noted that some documents on the essence of the Russian-Finnish contradictions during the First World War have already been introduced into scientific use by Russian researchers, indicating presence of research interest and need for further work on the publication of sources.

Организация советской высшей вневойсковой подготовки во второй половине 1930-х гг.

The article assesses organizational changes in the process of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. This system was the most important element of training Red Army reserve personnel for the upcoming Great Patriotic War. It was created in 1930 during forced industrialization when specialists were in urgent demand in the national economy. Thus, the Soviet leadership faced the task of creating a system permitting to train future commanders without discontinuing their profession educational. The current geopolitical situation increases relevance of studying history of military personnel training in the USSR in the 1930s. The novelty of this study is that it describes for the first time the process of transformation of the institute of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. The research is based on the office documents of the People's Commissariat of Defense and those of military districts, stored in the fond 62 of the Russian State Military Archive. The author has established reasons that influenced structural changes in the process of training reserve personnel and identified decisions of the top military leadership on the matter. The article also reveals the impact of the Red Army’s repressions of 1937–38 on the system of higher pre-conscription military training. It is noted that in the new conditions, the approach to students selection changed, more attention was paid to political reliability of personnel and students. In addition, the top military leadership decided to reduce the period of higher pre-conscription military training from three to two years, while increasing training hours. The list of educational institutions with higher pre-conscription military training also changed. However, by 1938 the geopolitical situation had changed significantly, and the position of the USSR in international politics had deteriorated greatly. The military leadership faced the problem of forced training of personnel for the regular army, and therefore the institute of higher pre-conscription training was no longer relevant. In August 1938, the system was eliminated; there was a transition to accelerated pre-army training.

EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF SOVIET BOMBER AVIATION IN CHINA FOR THE USSR AIR FORCE (1937-1939)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the results of the using bomber aviation of Air Forces USSR in the framework of providing military assistance to the armed forces of the Kuomintang in 1937–1939. The purpose of the publication is to analyze the combat experience gained by Soviet pilots in repelling Japanese aggression in China. The authors considered changes in the tactics of using bomber aircraft, methods for improving the technical characteristics of aircraft, the development of methods for training personnel. Particular attention is paid in the article to the recommendations presented by bomber pilots based on the results of combat missions, for implementation into the practice of the USSR Air Force. The publication is based on the memoirs of direct participants in the events and materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive. The author comes to the conclusion that combat practice in China allowed Soviet pilots to gain experience, study the performance characteristics of their aircraft in the best possible way and even make some modifications to their design, and the analysis of combat sorties significantly expanded the arsenal of tactics of Soviet aviation.

«Совершенно секретно. Хранить конспиративно». Протоколы неизвестной комиссии Л. Д. Троцкого по расколу Русской Православной Церкви (май – октябрь 1922 г.)

This publication introduces into scientific circulation a new archival source on the history of the renovationist schism in the Russian Orthodox Church — the protocols of the meetings of the commission of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) "On values" under the leadership of a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of the Republic L.D. Trotsky. The documents were identified among the protocols of other commissions in the affairs of the Revolutionary Military Council, stored in the Russian State Military Archive. The decisions of the "On Values" Commission make it possible to reasonably judge the leading role of L.D. Trotsky in the preparation and conduct of a large church schism, including the consolidation of clergy loyal to Soviet power, sending him to provocative negotiations with Patriarch Tikhon, the issue of an opposition magazine, the organization of trials against Christians, the convening of an renovationist "local council", agitation support for schismatics, etc. The activities of the commission were conspiratorial in nature and still remained unknown to historical science. Meanwhile, it was this camouflaged structure that preceded the succession of it in October 1922 and the well-studied Commission of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) on the separation of the church from the state. The texts offered to readers confirm and detail the fact of the well-managed control of secret work on the decomposition of the Russian Church by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), that is, its criminal attitude to Soviet law in the policy of planting atheism among the people of Russia.

MOSCOW ARCHİVE AND LİBRARY GUİDE FOR BEGİNNERS

Rus arşivleri, Genel Türk Tarihi araştırmalarının yazılı kaynakları arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda Moskova’daki arşivlerde araştırma yapmayı hedefleyen genelde sosyal bilimcilere, özelde tarihçilere bir yol göstermeyi planlamakla birlikte, buradaki arşivlerin çalışma disiplini hakkında bütün araştırmacıların bir fikir sahibi olması amacını taşımaktayız. Bu haliyle çalışma tarihçilerin vakit kaybetmeden arşive ulaşabilmesi, kayıt olabilmesi ve katalogları tanıyabilmesi adına bir nevi rehber niteliğindedir. Ayrıca Rusya tarihi, Türk-Rus ilişkileri üzerine arşiv çalışmaları yürütmek isteyen lisansüstü öğrenciler ve kıdemli araştırmacılara yol göstermesi açısından dizayn edilmiştir. Bu tür bir rehber hazırlama fikri Moskova’da yürütmüş olduğumuz arşiv çalışmaları sırasında karşılaşmış olduğumuz zorluklar neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alandaki yabancı literatürde özellikle İngiliz, Alman ve Rus tarihçiler için Moskova arşivlerine yönelik rehber niteliğinde birçok makaleler yazıldığı görülmektedir. Bahsi geçen makalelerin içeriklerinde arşivlere ulaşım, kayıt olma süreci ve fonları dahil olmak üzere geniş bir yelpazede bilgi verilmektedir. Türk araştırmacıların da burs ve proje fonlarını daha etkili kullanabilmeleri için arşivler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalarının elzem olduğu düşüncesiyle makalede, araştırmalarını kısa sürede tamamlamalarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla bir tablo ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. 
 Moskova’da Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Arşivi (Гарф, State Archive of Russian Federation), Rusya Federasyonu Ekonomi Arşivi (Ргаэ, The Russian State Archive of Economy), Rusya Federasyonu Sosyal Politika Arşivi (Ргаспи, Russian State Archive of Social and Political History), Rusya Federasyonu Askeri Arşivi (Ргва Russian State Military Archive) ve Rusya Federasyonu Film Arşivi (Гфкрф, Russian State Film Archive) olmak üzere çok sayıda arşiv yer almaktadır. Çalışmada listesi verilen birinci el kaynak olarak değerlendirilen başvuru merkezlerinin kayıt olma süreci, ulaşım, arşivde çalışma koşulları ve katalog bilgilerinin detaylarına nasıl ulaşılacağı başta olmak üzere pek çok konuda detay verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Moskova’da tarih araştırmaları için arşivlerin yanı sıra kütüphane ve enstitülerden yararlanılması da önemlidir. Lenin Devlet Kütüphanesi (Ргб, Russian State Library) Rusya Tarih Kütüphanesi (Государственная публичная историческая библиотека России гпиб) ve Alman Tarih Enstitüsü Moskova’da araştırmacıların uğrak merkezlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu amaçla kütüphane ve araştırma enstitülerinin çalışma koşulları, araştırmacılara sunmuş oldukları imkanlar hakkında da faydalı bilgilerin yanı sıra proje ve burs imkanlarının detayları işlenmiştir. Moskova’da Rusya Federasyonu Edebiyat ve Sanat Arşivi (Ргали, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art), Rusya Federasyonu Dış Politika Arşivi (АВП РФ Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation), Rus Çarlığı Dönemi Dış Politika Arşivi (авп рф, Foreign Policy of Russian Empire) Rusya Federasyonu Modern Tarih Arşivi (Ргани Russian State Archive of Recent History) olmak üzere diğer arşivler de araştırmacıların başvurabileceği merkezler arasında sıralanabilir. Çalışmada, Moskova’da araştırma yaptığımız arşiv, kütüphane ve enstitüler temel alınarak ilk defa araştırma yapacak yüksek lisans, doktora öğrencileri ve kıdemli araştırmacıların hızlı bir şekilde arşiv ve kütüphane kaynaklarını kullanabilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

The Library of General Staff and Main Headquarters (All-Russia Main Headquarters) in 1908–1919

The history of the first military library from 1908 (after its innovation after 1900 fire), and up to its relocation to the Main Headquarters’ Academy in 1919, is explored. The study is based on the archival documents being introduced into scientific discourse. The focus is made on: the Library development in 1908– 1911; interaction with Imperial Russian Military Historical Society; Library during the WWI; relocation to the RSFSR’s new capital and its settlement in Moscow. Periodicals and unpublished materials in the Russian State Military Archive made the main sources of the article. The main directions of the Library activities within the mentioned period, considerations and problems of Petrograd-to-Moscow relocation, are discussed. The whole way of the book collection relocation in 1918– 1919 is revealed and explored. The state of the library collection remaining in Petrograd is characterized. The article contributes to the knowledge of the history of the General Staff and Main HQ Library in the 1920s.

The USSR and Spain during the Civil War: 85 years later

The peer-reviewed publication presents speeches by famous Russian and Spanish historians, scientists, diplomats, members of the Association of Republican Pilots (Catalan division), who took part in international scientific conferences entitled "The Civil War in Spain and soviet participation: 80 years later" (Barcelona, 29 –May 31, 2017) and "Soviet-Spanish relations during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939" (Moscow, September 12–14, 2018). Also, the collection contains documents and materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive.