Russian Sports Research Articles

Theoretical aspects of anti doping rules in international and national regulation

Тhe article considers the theoretical aspects of the anti-doping rules, compares the rules of the international doping regulation and the Russian doping regulation. The author notes that the topic of doping is rational in the legal bearing for Russian sport, and provides data on some of the prohibitions on domestic athletes to perform in international competitions. The research raises the question of the imperfection of anti-doping rules that define the concept of doping, standards of evidence. In order to study this question for certain, the facts about the earliest cases of the use of stimulant drugs are investigated, even when the question of their prohibition has not yet been raised. The article discusses the initial stages and forms of the penetration of doping into the sports and examine the first acts of international organizations on the restriction of certain substances to use in sport. As a result of the analysis of the rules contained in the anti-doping rules, the author comes to the conclusion that, for the moment, the definition of doping, which is contained in these norms, is not complete in content and thus the author offers his own version of the term of doping. The article considers the norms established by the anti-doping rules on the rights of athletes and the procedure for forming a list of substances prohibited for use in sports. Separately, the author makes an analysis of the possibility of obtaining permission for the therapeutic use of doping, and the author gives examples of abuse of this institution of anti-doping law. In support of this conclusion, the words of famous foreign athletes are quoted, which directly indicate that, being active athletes and performing for the national teams of their country, they often received permission to use doping as simulating a disease. In addition, the article analyzes some cases from the practice of considering doping disputes with Russian athletes participating in the Olympic Games, examines their position in the International Sports Arbitration in Lausanne. Particular attention is paid to the rules of the WADA Code on the rights of athletes held liable for violation of anti-doping rules and there is a tendency to reduce such rights in comparison with the previous version of the said act. For instance, the author deeply clarify the athlete’s right to be represented by a lawyer in court and the right to receive copies of documents for examining a sample. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes on the necessity to expand the list of athlete’s rights in order to exercise their right to rights protection, as well as and it is proposed to amend some doping regulations.

On the periodization in history of the Russian sports journalism

On the periodization in history of the Russian sports journalism

Issues and Prospects for the Codification of Sports Legislation of The Russian Federation

It is studying the relevance of the systematization of Russian sports legislation and issues of thepublication of a codified sports act. The essence of codification as a kind of systematization ofnormative legal acts is revealed, the current state of Russian sports legislation is studied, foreignexperience of systematization and codification of sports legislation is considered. Particular attentionis paid to the analysis of the practice of codification of sports legislation in France. It is concludedthat the presence of a sufficiently specific system of sports legislation of the Russian Federationobjectively raises the question of the need to develop and adopt the Sporting Code of the RussianFederation. It is substantiated that the French experience of the codification of sports law studied inthe publication is a graphic illustration of how in the course of systematization of sports legislation thetasks of raising the status of physical culture and sports, the understanding of law enforcement, arebeing laid, a vector is being laid for the successful development of the branch of legislation and therelevant branch of law. The arguments in favor of the Sporting Code are the priority of physical cultureand sports government support and regulation; relevant foreign experience; the large number oflaws and regulations of the Russian Federation in the field of sports rights, the incompleteness ofthe legislative process in this area; forecasting the adoption of further rules and regulations bringingchaos in law understanding and enforcement. It is proved that there are no current objectiveobstacles to the development and approval of the Sporting Code of the Russian Federation. Thebasis for codification may be the Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports”, and gaps in legalregulation can be eliminated by introducing in the text of the code provisions of model laws on sportstraining, professional and paralympic sports. The author expresses conviction that the adoption ofthe Sports Code of the Russian Federation, in many respects, anticipates and warns the problemsin the legal understanding and enforcement expected in the coming years in connection with theactive state interference in the regulation of legal relations in the field of physical culture and sports,conditioned by the priority nature of the latter’s development.

Проблемы и перспективы сервисного обеспечения тренировочного процесса команд водных видов спорта

In the article the authors try to solve a number of interrelated tasks of service provision for the training process of sports teams. For this, firstly, it is necessary to determine the forms of optimal service support for the training process for teams of water sports. Secondly, it is necessary to assess the existing bases for conducting educational and sports fees in Russia and abroad, on the basis of the identified criteria for optimal service support of training and training fees for water sports teams. Thirdly, there is need to develop solutions for the effective use of the potential of the material and technical base for the XXVII Summer Universiade held in 2013 in Kazan and the 16th FINA World Championships in Water Sports in Kazan.
 The article discusses the problems of choosing training bases for con-ducting training camps for teams of water sports from the point of view of their service provision. The criteria for choosing the base are determined, and the importance of quality service support for the training process is considered. Using the example of water sports, the authors analyze the existing training bases in comparison with the potential of the Palace of Water Sports in Kazan, taking into account the requirements for service provision of international competitions established by FINA. The authors study the Russian sports bases and sports bases of the countries of the Union of Independent States, such as Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, as well as sports bases of European countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Czechia. Also, the article considers the aspects of the medical services provision on training areas. Based on experience of medical support of the training process in Norway, the authors give recommendations on the development of the Water Sports Palace in Kazan, as an object of the Universiade and FINA 2015, taking into account the requirements for service provision for international competitions.

Hunting in Imperial Russia: State Policy and Social Order in L. P. Sabaneev's Writing

This article uses L. P. Sabaneev's writing as a lens through which to examine hunting in imperial Russia. I argue that Sabaneev's narration of the history of hunting in Russia, his description of hunting practices and his arguments for stronger conservation laws and greater state enforcement of those laws illustrate the relatively unusual, among European societies, status of hunting for imperial Russian elites. In brief, Russian sport hunters recognized the continuing importance of productive hunters in Russia, which, unlike many of the European states with which Russian elites were familiar, maintained enormous swathes of wilderness. While adapting technology and forms of hunting from societies to the west, in Sabaneev's account, Russian elites ignored the status obsessions connected with hunting for other European elites. Moreover, Sabaneev's arguments, in the Hunting Gazette, for greater attention to conservation on the part of the government, as the proper representative of all people, combined his ardent monarchism with the scientific and collectivist arguments often associated with progressive thought. The juxtaposition of these views found wide popularity, complicating our sometimes simplistic understandings of class and political tensions in late imperial Russia.

Top-Class Sports

The universe unites us all Through the summer religion called football And the winter one called hockey. Robert Rozhdestvensky The top-class sports are rich in great events. The most serious challenge in front of today’s Russian sports and architecture community is, certainly, the World Football Championship. Russia is preparing stadiums for the World Football Championship in the both capitals and the regional centers: Samara, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Rostov and Kaliningrad. The landmark structures demand from architects deep investigation of technologies and compliance with strict Russian and FIFA standards. Will such a large-scale construction be helpful in revitalization of Russian football? Let’s hope so. But large-scale sporting events take place not only in the cities of the World Football Cup. For example, the opening of the Krasnodar Stadium is gathering much praise now (the Allianz Arena is no match for it). Siberia does not stand aside. The old stadium in Irkutsk has housed the World Ball Hockey Championship, and the Metkii Billiard Club (where architects and builders have recently competed for the “Brick in Irkutsk” Prize) has housed the Russian Championship. However, Krasnoyarsk has beaten other cities by winning the right to host the 2019 Winter Universiade.

Use of the Principles of Effectuation and Self-Organization Theories in Realization of Economic Capacity of Sports Organizations

Purpose: the aim of the article is research of mechanisms of the forming, development and use of economic capacity providing for increase in competitiveness of entrepreneurial sports organizations. Providing of sports activities efficiency for all participants is the main objective of sports management. Interest in sport in Russia considerably increased in recent years therefore sports management becomes more and more actual direction. Effective management is needed for sport also as for any other action. Methods: the research is based on use of the following methods: systematization, analysis and synthesis, generalization, method of analogies, comparative analysis, methods of classification, scientific abstraction, induction and deduction; methods of observation, graphic and tabular methods. Results: management mechanism for entrepreneurial sport organizations is developed by author. The mechanism is based on the principles of an effektuation and self-organization. The practical importance of work is that the received results can be applied as methodical base in activities of the sports organizations to development of the strategic and tactical plans providing sustainable development. Conclusions and Relevance: the offered mechanism assumes that, a fiducial component is main component in management of the sports entrepreneurial organizations. The offered mechanism is orientated on risk minimization of the main business processes and using of development uncertainty as source of competitive advantages.

Quel modèle pour le sport de haut niveau en Russie aujourd'hui ? Usages et représentations

«We not only organized and hosted the best ever Winter Olympics , but we also won them » declared Vladimir Putin during his ritual New Year Address to the Nation the 31th of December 2014 . Today , sport is one of the most important elements of soft power (NYE , 1990 ) and at the same time a major factor for building and reinforcing national identity . Since Russia is back on the international stage , how are Russian politics shaping the new Russian sport model ?

Russian Sport

Russian Sport

WASHINGTON STRIKES WITH SOFT POWER

WASHINGTON STRIKES WITH SOFT POWER

REGARDING NAVALNY’S MURDER OF MAGNITSKY ON MI-6 SERVERS IN UKRAINE

(By staff commentator Yulia Latynina. Novaya gazeta, April 13, 2016, p. 6. Complete text:) In December 2015, [Russian] Prosecutor General [Yury] Chaika stated that William Browder had ordered Navalny to dig up some dirt on prosecutor general. ... There needed to be tit for tat: Barely four months after that statement, Dmitry Kiselyov announced on Vesti nedeli [News of Week] TV program an epic investigation [revealing] that Navalny indeed works for Browder [see article in section, above]. ... These texts are absolutely brilliant - especially parts in English. ... contacted Tom Firestone [sic] FCPA, Bill Browder, native English speaker, writes to Navalny. What does from regarding mean? Even Browder doesn’t know, but I’ll tell you: This is how Google Translate renders Russian phrase regarding. Browder constantly mixes up this and that, doesn’t use a and the when he should, and generally knows English about well [Russian Sport, Tourism and Youth Policy Minister Vitaly] Mutko. ... But wait, there’s more. turns out that Browder and Navalny killed [Sergei] Magnitsky using trusted persons in prison system. This is evidenced by report Sept. 20, 2009: To the Director of Intel. (Central Intel; is brilliant, even in translation. Who has Intel? Probably Bilderberg Group.) ... This raises very ominous question: Does mean Russian prison system is chock full of agents of Browder, Navalny and a mysterious Intel?! They can even orchestrate Magnitsky’s death in jail! Where are these agents? Why are they still at large? ... is another matter that doozy of plan for gruesome murder was proposed by agent Valerie Plame in 2009, which she personally signed off on in report. Valerie Plame really was a and her name made newspaper headlines over scandal for which she was fired in 2004 (according to other data, in 2006). One gets sense that document’s authors knew how to use Google, but on limited scale: They knew how to do an Internet search for CIA agent, but reading contents of search results was beyond their intellectual capabilities. ... And Navalny himself was recruited by intelligence service (don’t ask what is) long ago as part of special operation ‘Quake’ to undermine current Сonstitutional order in Russian Federation. ... Here is million-dollar question: How did all these priceless Central Intel and Secret Intelligence Services which have poor English but match bright and colorful style of the Protocols of Elders of Zion in describing global conspiracy against Russia, end up in Moscow? Did hacker Hell break into CIA’s servers? Did Kremlin’s Internet trolls get into MI-6? ... turns out that they wound up in Moscow, and I quote, thanks to armed coup in Ukraine and [Russian oligarch] Boris Berezovsky’s former head of security, Sergei Sokolov. ... It was place of fearless idiots - excuse expression - where mail servers could be set up. This is what curators who ran project recommended. We made off with about 60 servers containing lot of correspondence and documents, Sergei Sokolov said. ... Yes! In case you didn’t know: Ukraine during [Viktor] Yanukovich presidency was just place for MI-6, MI-5, the Pentagon, CIA, Mossad and Bilderberg Group to hide their secret documents. ... just so happened that fascinating story about Browder hiring Navalny to kill Magnitsky, and about MI-6 agents who kept their correspondence on servers in Ukraine came right when it turned out that entire Russian economy (the state banks and the oligarchs) exists only to transfer money to offshore accounts. ... So why was story so crudely fabricated? There are two answers. One is self-evident: These guys just don’t have people who know English very well. ... The second is philosophical: It’s good enough. The TV target audience doesn’t know American language, either. For that matter, even is needless waste of energy. These MI-6 agents could have corresponded in bad Russian, and 99% of TV audience wouldn’t have noticed difference. Not only don’t they know how to use the, but they aren’t even aware that English language exists. They think Russian is language spoken in heaven. ... But I seriously suspect there is third reason. The fact of the matter is - how should I put this? Most of our propaganda is ... intended not for TV viewers, but TV viewer. They said Browder ordered this? Yup. Do you think they told only us, or did they tell higher-ups same thing?

The problem of classifying the equipment used to ensure public safety and security at the facilities of sport in Russia

The problem of classifying the equipment used to ensure public safety and security at the facilities of sport in Russia

PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES OF THE RUSSIAN SPORT (towards the 31st Summer Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES OF THE RUSSIAN SPORT (towards the 31st Summer Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

PRODUCT PROMOTION STRATEGY IN SPORTS INDUSTRY

Sports industry is presented like the partof entertainment industry. The authorsemphasize the main income items ofSnowsports unions in Russia and abroad.This paper presents the analysis of development of commercial successful productby foreign federations. The article gives new ways of raising the attractiveness and profitability of the Russian sport.

Coaching Expertise: Science or Skills?

Today in most of Russian sport universities, the biological disciplines are carried out in accordance with traditional old-fashion ideas that have been formed half a century ago and do not correspond to reality. The sport theory and methods fundamentals are taught only in accordance with the theory of periodization. Sporting theorists neglect many facts of low efficiency in the use of training periodization theory and results of research. They do not take into account the research of some sports specialists who developed and implemented more effective method of training for elite athletes. One of the main aspects that a coach works with is the human organism. The foundation of the training process should be based on the law of development and human adaptation. Most of nowadays existing concepts of sports training ignore system laws of organism functions construction and existing laws adaptation. The laws of adaptation provide a basis for science-based integrated construction of training process. The modern theory and methodology of sports should be built on the basis of current scientific knowledge about the laws of functioning, adaptation, and development of the human organism. Adaptation laws provide opportunities for effective preparation of the athletes.

Гражданское право и основные проблемы правового регулирования чужого (заемного) труда (на примере спортивного права)

The article deals with civil legal regulation of relations in the field
 of sports. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of some common
 features of regulatory areas such as physical culture and sport in Russia,
 their correlation and place in the legal reality. The author substantiates the
 need for a clear distinction of physical culture and sport in the national law.
 The problems of legal regulation of labour relations in sport in
 particular of agency (contracted) work (leased labour) were considered;
 its legal nature, essence and significance was analysed.
 This contribution shows the place of sports law in the domestic legal
 system, analyses the correlation of civil law and sports law.
 The article draws conclusions about the need to improve the regulatory
 framework in the field of sport which will further the development
 of sports law and sports legislation.

VEGETATIVE PROVISION INDICATORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF WOMEN ATHLET-SPRINTERS

In recent decades there has been a significant increase in physical activity during the preparation of qualified athletes-sprinters. However, it is clear that a simple increase in volume and intensity of training loads in preparation can not be infinite. Russian sport trainers see tactics mistakes. Some authors consider that optimum technique construction of training is possible when taking into account normalizing the volume and load intensity based on the types of circulation (TC).The aim of work was to study the bioelectrical activity of the heart, heart rate variability (HRV), central hemodynamics and physical performance (PP) in sportswomen-sprinters qualifications from II-III level to HMS.Materials and research methods. Carried out a comprehensive survey of 30 sportswomen-sprinters, qualifications from II-III level to HMS. For the analysis of vegetative cardiovascular regulation mathematical methods of HRV were used. Central hemodynamics were studied by automated tetrapolar rheography. Determination of PP was performed by using a submaximal cycle ergometer test PWC170. The index of the functional state (IFC) was counted on a formula suggested and patented by us.Results of research. The correct sinus rhythm is found in all sportswomen with sufficient voltage and not rejected electrical axis of the heart. Comparison of the mean values of HRV showed the presence in all groups of runners prevalence of a parasympathetic link of VNS. At sportswomen-sprinters qualifications MS-HMS had prevailed hypokinetic TC and the lowering of qualifications the ratio of TC varied: as a runner of qualification I level prevailed eukinetic TC, while the runners of qualifications II-III level has have appeared sportswomen-sprinters with hyperkinetic TC. PP was bigger in sprinters qualifications MS-HMS and tended to decrease with decreasing of the qualifications. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between SI and CI, negative – between the CI and the IFS, SI and PWC170/kg.Conclusions1. Sportswomen-sprinters are characterized by normal electrocardiogram and the prevalence of parasympathetic link of VNS.2. At runners qualifications MS-HMS and CMS more common was hypokinetic TC, as evidence of economization of physiological functions, and at sportswomen I and II-III level - eukinetic TC.3. The highest values PP were recorded in sportswomen-sprinters with qualifications of MS- HMS and this value was significantly reduced in runners with a decrease in their sports qualifications.4. The correlation analysis found interrelation between the studied parameters, indicating that the prevalence of parasympathetic link VNS in sportswomen-sprinters accompanied hypokinetic TC and large values of PP and the IFS.

A federal law on hosting Confederation Cup 2017 and World Cup 2018 in Russia. An overview, state commitments and specific provisions

The 2010s are definitely to become a glorious decade for Russian sport. At least two major events are going to take place on the territory of the Russian Federation, namely, Winter Olympic Games 2014 in Sochi and FIFA World Cup 2018 in 11 cities throughout the ‘European’ part of the country . Moreover, FIFA Confederation Cup 2017 to be held in Moscow should also be considered as a ‘major’ sporting event. This is a great opportunity for Russia to affirm its image of one of the leading sporting nations in the world, to improve inner infrastructure and develop international connections with foreign partners in various business areas. Whilst more focus these days is drawn to upcoming Winter Olympic Games 2014 in Sochi and FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brazil Russian legislators adopted a federal law on hosting Confederation Cup 2017 and World Cup 2018 in Russia, two and a half years after FIFA’s official decision on the host. The aim of this contribution is to provide an insight into legal background and legal procedure of adopting a federal law on hosting these sport events in Russia, present an overview of the legal provisions, pinpoint the most ‘sensitive’ issues and discuss the legal implications.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДАХ СПОРТА

In the article there is analysis of Russian and foreign sports’ psychology researchers’ points of view about functioning of cognitive psychic’s processes in dependence from features of sport’s kind. The unity of perception, attention and thinking in athlete’s activity is accented.

The “Forward Russia” Flag: Examining the Changing Use of the Bear as a Symbol of Russia

A newly-developed flag displayed by avid Russian sports fans in support of their national teams marks a change in the use of the bear symbol—first only used by outsiders to represent Russia but now claimed by Russians as their own.