Russian Sample Research Articles

Discriminating formation and accumulation processes of some strategic metals in Fe-Mn deposits of the Atlantic Ocean

PurposeThis study aims to present the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determination of economically significant metals including rare-earth elements and Y (REY), Co + Ni + Cu obtained from the Fe-Mn deposits (FMD) of different areas selected along the Atlantic Ocean.Design/methodology/approachThe description of the instrumental part of the analysis was shown in detail, including the choice of the acquisition mode and other settings of the quadrupole ICP-MS Agilent 7700x, which allow to eliminate spectral overlaps as much as possible and to achieve good precision and accuracy of the measurement. The accuracy of the obtained results was controlled by analysis of certified reference materials (CRM) of Fe-Mn nodules of the US Geological Survey – NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1, as well as the Russian CRM samples of Fe-Mn nodule OOPE 603 (SDO-6) and ore crust OOPE 604 (SDO-7). Statistical processing of the analysis results demonstrated the acceptability of chosen sample preparation technique and ICP-MS tunes for the determination of REY in FMD.FindingsThe performed analytical research allowed giving a geochemical characteristic of studied FMD. The precision for the elements to be determined according to the relative standard deviation (RSD) was within 5.0%.Originality/valueTo move away from the subjective visual assessment of the analytical results quality in terms of absence (or presence) of the REE sawtooth distribution, an original objective mathematical method was proposed.

Linguistic Semantics of the Covid-19 Quarantine Ideation

The manuscript presents a summary of the results of the linguistic semantics study of Covid-19 related quarantine. Research conducted on a sample of Russian speaking Ukrainians. Found content and structure of the respective discursive field. Described features of inter-discourse connections. Established that the actualization of some discourses is accompanied by the deactivation of others, what makes quarantine semantics biased. Also, it was suggested that some of the discourses are indirectly positively associated and form the semantic core of the quarantine concept.

Linguistic Semantics of the Covid-19 Quarantine Ideation

The manuscript presents a summary of the results of the linguistic semantics study of Covid-19 related quarantine. Research conducted on a sample of Russian speaking Ukrainians. Found content and structure of the respective discursive field. Described features of inter-discourse connections. Established that the actualization of some discourses is accompanied by the deactivation of others, what makes quarantine semantics biased. Also, it was suggested that some of the discourses are indirectly positively associated and form the semantic core of the quarantine concept.

The Relationship Between School Engagement and Conscious Self-regulation of Learning Activity: The Current State of the Problem and Research Perspectives in Russia and Abroad

The article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of school engagement, the research of which is highly relevant nowadays in foreign educational psychology. School engagement is a reliable marker of efficient learning organisation and also an important academic result, the pursuit of which indicates the efficiency of the school educational environment. The purpose of the article was to analyse the current state of the problem of school engagement and the specifics of the relationship between school engagement and self-regulation of learning activity in Russian and foreign psychology. The authors formulated a working definition of engagement, according to which school engagement is understood as a stable, directed, active participation of students both in learning activities and in school life in general, including observable and unobservable interactions with the academic social environment; assessed various models of school engagement used for research and practice; substantiated the efficiency of the approach, according to which school engagement is viewed as a multidimensional construct, including behavioural, emotional and cognitive components; examined the differences between school engagement and academic motivation; and analysed the specific features of the main components of school engagement and their relationship with self-processes, in particular, with self-regulation. It was also noted that, in Russian psychology, issues related to the study of school engagement and the specifics of its relationship with various psychological phenomena have not yet received widespread consideration. In conclusion, the authors outlined the perspectives for verifying foreign models of school engagement and diagnostic tools on Russian samples as well as studying conscious self-regulation of learning activity as a resource for student engagement in different learning periods.

The construct of subjective occupational well-being: Russian sample testing

Subjective occupational well-being, as shown by the authors of this article, is one of the key conditions for occupational health and career longevity in our time. Along with this, existing models associate the achievement of occupational well-being with the realisation of aspirations for personal self-development and autonomy subject to professional competence and favourable emotional and psychosomatic states prevailing in a comfortable working environment. However, these models do not take into account the social and occupational relevance of actors as a factor in their occupational well-being, although any professional occupation is initially aimed at obtaining the results required by society. Any activity, the results of which do not meet the expectations and requirements of society, become unclaimed, the demand for its participants is lost, and the problem of their subjective occupational wellbeing becomes irrelevant. Therefore, it would be incorrect to consider the assessment of personal occupational well-being without correlating it with the assessment of personal social and occupational relevance. As shown in the article, human well-being should also be considered in ethnocultural terms. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to provide a theoretical and empirical justification for the construct of subjective occupational well-being, including the component of social-occupational relevance, using a Russian sample. To verify this point, we conducted an empirical study that involved 285 employees of Russian territorial tax authorities. Their employment records in the tax service ranged from 1 to 34 years, with less than three years in 18% of the sample. Their age range was 22-62 years, with 25% of the sample on the right side of thirty. The sample included 70% of women and 30% of men. The study used The Professional Demand Questionnaire (Kharitonova, 2014), The Occupational Well-Being Inventory (Rut, 2016), The Prevalent Positive Emotional State Questionnaire (Kulikov, 2003), and the single-scale questionnaires - The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) and Dutch Boredom Scale (DUBS) in Russian adaptation (Schaufeli, Diystra, Ivanova, 2015). The research methods included factor analysis (principal component analysis, varimax rotation) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the factor analysis showed that the newly proposed construct of subjective occupational well-being included three independent but, at the same time, interrelated components. The first component (27% of the variance explained) contained a set of self-esteems of the employees that reflected their awareness of their social and occupational relevance (I, as a competent and sought-after professional). The second component (19%) contained self-esteems that reflected the sustainable dominance of positive emotional states among the employees. And the third component (14%) contained self-esteems that reflected the degree to which the employees realised their aspirations for professional growth, satisfaction with their professional achievements and relationships in the work team. Two areas of further research on the problem of subjective occupational wellbeing are considered relevant. One area is the further elaboration of the ideas of the resource approach for developing and maintaining employees subjective occupational well-being (Schaufeli, Bakker, Van Rhenen, 2009). The other area is research in the framework of cross-cultural and cross-occupational approaches (Brauchli et al., 2013).

Personal Spiritual-Moral Qualities and Empathy as Components of Higher Moral Capacities: Verification of the Relationship based on a Russian Sample

For contemporary societies, psychological research on moral behaviour, moral manifestations and personality traits has acquired special relevance. In addition, the recent rise of positive psychology offers an important perspective on the study of spiritual-moral qualities (virtues), demonstrating the degree to which a persons happiness in life relates to high spiritual-moral guidelines. Various aspects of personal spirituality, morality and empathy are actively being studied by international scientists; however, in Russian psychology, studies on this topic are scarce. Utilizing a Russian sample, such a study, including the context of higher moral capacities, was conducted for the first time. The theoretical part of this article addresses the issues related to the higher moral capacities, providing definitions and indicating difference between moral capacities and moral abilities: higher moral capacities appropriately belong to the category of spiritual capacities. As part of higher moral capacities, the following components are distinguished: spiritual-moral qualities as a manifestation of a spiritual altruistic orientation and empathy as a manifestation of moral feelings associated with decentration, empathic feeling and empathic care. The relationship between these components is analysed in the empirical part of the article. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between indicators of personal spiritual-moral qualities and empathy. The data for the study were collected and processed using The Spiritual Personality Inventory by A. Husain, M. Anas (adapted by G.V. Ozhiganova) and The Interpersonal Reactivity Index by M. Davis (adapted by N.A. Budagovskaya, S.V. Dubrovskaya and T.D. Karyagina). The empirical study involved 90 high school students (girls represented 56% of the sample). The results confirmed our hypothesis: a correlation analysis revealed a relationship between indicators of personal spiritual-moral qualities and empathy in three aspects: (1) cognitive (the Decentration scale), (2) affective (the Empathic Feeling scale) and (3) behavioural (the Empathic Care scale). No relationship was found with the Personal Distress scale reflecting non-spiritual, egocentric tendencies. These findings allow us to consider spiritual-moral qualities (related to a spiritual altruistic orientation) and empathy (disclosed as decentration, empathic feeling and empathic care) as components of higher moral capacities.

Представления об одиночестве в России и Болгарии (на примере студентов)

Loneliness is one of the fundamental problems of modern people. However, loneliness is traditionally associated with negative expressions and characteristics, at the same time it may also have a resource function. The relevance of the study is associated with its focus on the multifaceted understanding of loneliness and identification of its resource mechanisms. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to compare the idea of loneliness among Russian and Bulgarian students. An assumption was made: firstly, there is much in common between two countries, which makes it possible to expect a common value-semantic field, and secondly, despite the semantic similarity of ideas about loneliness, expressiveness of its individual parameters will vary. The study was carried out on a sample (N = 442) of Russian (n = 229) and Bulgarian (n = 213) students aged 17 to 27 years old (M = 20.8 years, SD = 1.64; 359 women and 83 men), living in St. Petersburg (the Russian Federation), Sofia and Plovdiv (Bulgaria). All respondents were asked the question: “What does loneliness mean to you?”. The written answers were analyzed using the method of content analysis, followed by calculating the frequency of occurrence of the semantic group and subgroups, and performing a comparative analysis (Fisher angular transformation). It was noted that the answers of both Bulgarian and Russian students lie in approximately the same semantic field. It was demonstrated that in both groups both positive and negative characteristics of loneliness were present. We established that Russian students more often mention the positive properties of loneliness. They interpret loneliness more often through the opportunities that it gives them. Bulgarian students often mention negative aspects; they express more fear related to loneliness. Similar results confirm our hypothesis about the general semantic field, and, at the same time, demonstrate particular nature of ideas about loneliness in these two groups. The results can be used to develop programs aimed both at reducing negative impact of loneliness, and on development of its resource functions.

US, Russian and Indian physician perspectives regarding end of life care

Aim. To compare US, Russian and Indian primary care physicians attitudes, comfort and experiences providing palliative care.
 Design. Cross sectional survey.
 Settings. Iowa, USA; Leningrad Oblast, Russia; Mangalore, India.
 Participants. Primary care physicians.
 Methods. Chi-squared testing for dichotomous variables and t-tests for mean scores.
 Results. 66 US, 81 Russian and 95 Indian physicians completed the survey. More US physicians preferred end of life care at home (83% v 56% Russian and 29% Indian) p 0.001 and Indian physicians preferring hospitals (36% v 0% US and 1% Russian) p 0.001. 94% percent of US physicians preferred patient make their own decisions, 57% of Russian sample preferred physicians as decision makers, and Indian physicians preferred family members to patients themselves (44%) p 0.001. Patient should be informed (US vs Russia vs India) of terminal illness Always (74% vs 31% vs 33%) p 0.001, If Asked (9% vs 64% vs 12%) p 0.001 or Physicians Judgement (15%, 5%, 54%) p 0.001. US physicians reported higher comfort rates with managing symptoms at the end of life. In the last 6 months US physicians were more satisfied with provided care Often or Always (63% vs 36% Russian v 21% Indian) p 0.001.
 Conclusions. US sample was more concerned with patient autonomy and had more comfort and satisfaction in providing end of life care compared to Russian and Indian samples.

Theoretical and applied potential of tourism axiology and environmental subjectivities

The article examines the axiological aspects and environmental subjectivities of tourism on the basis of the subject-object model. For the development of tourism practices, a psychological analysis of intrapersonal factors of consumer behavior is necessary. The article justifies that tourism forms a special axiological space for personality development, nature preservation, performing important pedagogical and socializing functions, by immersing in real space and time, influencing the formation of a personal image of the world in actual genesis. Tourism is also a tool for changing mythology and stereotyping cognitive ideas about the ethno cultural specifics of visiting countries. It is indicated that modern tourism production is focused on the peculiarities of the individual needs of tourists. The professional training of tourism managers is currently based on the principles of didactics, which are based on the problem of understanding and realizing tourist needs in accordance with the value structure of the consumer of the tourist product. The purposeful development of the axiological space of tourist activity in pedagogy accentuates the following areas: tourist as a subject and object of tourism, tourist space as an object of tourism pedagogy and tourism practice as a subject sphere of professional relations in tourism. The article provides an example of an axiological and environmental subjectivities study, specifically aimed at assessing the relationship between personal values and the motivation of its tourist behavior, conducted on a Russian sample of consumers of a tourist product. The methodology of empirical research is based on the psychological concept of cultural and individual values by Shalom Schwartz, which allows assessing the individual values of consumers of the tourist product (http://segr-did2.fmag.unict.it). It has been established that the most preferred values in tourism for Russians, are Hedonism and Universalism.

Pregnancy in the context of dyadic coping: a meta-analysis of foreign publications

In the present article the mediating role of dyadic coping is discussed in various aspects, which one way or another are related to the context of pregnancy and the subsequent birth of a child, through the meta-analysis of empirical foreign researches. These are such aspects as spouses adaptation, quality of life, adult romantic affection, parental confidence, parental stress and depression. The period of expecting a child is seen as a common stress factor for the partners. This corresponds to the concept of pregnancy and first postnatal year under the changing social and cultural context that was generally accepted by the foreign and Russian psychology. In addition, the article addresses many aspects of gender-based differences in the use of dyadic coping. It is noted that in close relationship ineffective dyadic coping can cause the risk of family problems and dysfunction of its members, in such a case the emphasis is placed not so much on the support provided but on its subjective perception. The article concludes that the dyadic coping internal mechanisms in the period of expecting a child would be useful to study on a Russian sample as one of the possible ways of therapeutic support of family under stress.

Structure and characterization of the ribosomal transcription units of small liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. Felineus and Clonorchis sinensis

Opisthorchiasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by small liver fluke species, Opisthorchis viverrini,O. felineus and Clonorchis sinensis, in the family Opisthorchiidae. Vietnam has both species, of which C.sinensis is distributed in the northern and O. viverrini in the central provinces. In addition to the mitochondrialgenomes, the ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) of these species are highly needed to obtain for providingmolecular markers in species identification, classification, phylogeny and evolutionary studies. In this study,the near/complete nucleotide sequences of ribosomal transcription units (rTU) from O. viverrini (Vietnamesesample), O. felineus (Russian sample) and C. sinensis (Vietnamese sample) were analyzed. All rTUs for threespecies were determined, which is 7,839 bp for O. viverrini, 6,948 bp for O. felineus and 7,296 bp for C.sinensis containing structures of 18S, ITS1, 5,8S, ITS2 and 28S. The IGS region was not obtained for all threespecies. In all three species, sequence analysis revealed 2 tandem repetitive elements of 47-48 bp/each in ITS1but not in ITS2. The nucleotide sequences of 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and 28S are valuable ribosomal markers that thisstudy provides for diagnosis, identification, taxonomic classification and population genetics. In conclusion,the rTU sequences for the three species of the family Opisthorchiidae have been identified and providesmolecular markers for the use of phylogenetic analysis for species/family classification in the superfamilyOpisthorchioidea and the class Trematoda.

Крос-культурне дослідження вживання обсценної лексики у молодіжному середовищі

Мета дослідження – визначити психологічні особливості вживання обсценної лексики молоддю різних країн з відмінними культурними та мовними традиціями. В контексті соціально-психологічного підходу вживання нецензурної лайки є індикатором напруження у суспільстві та індивідуально-особистісних криз.
 Процедура дослідження. Впродовж 2018-2019 рр. було проведене онлайн-опитування 518 респондентів віком 16-20 років. Розроблена анкета (Google Форма) містила 15 питань щодо використання нецензурної лайки в різних комунікативних ситуаціях. Здійснений порівняльний аналіз п’яти національних вибірок з різними передумовами формування мовленнєвої культури: Україна, Росія, Польща, США та країни Азії.
 Результати. Національну специфіку мають не тільки зовнішні форми обсценної лексики, але й внутрішні, психологічні реакції, які супроводжують таке спілкування. Принципове неприйняття брудної лайки продемонстрували респонденти з країн Азії. Найбільш толерантне сприйняття ненормативної лексики виявлене в Росії та Польщі. В Україні загальне негативне ставлення висловили 43.7% опитаних, особливо гостро українці сприймають лихослів’я на власну адресу. Молоді американці більш негативно ставляться до обсценної лексики взагалі (як до явища), але досить терпимі до її використання стосовно себе. За частотою та характером вживання нецензурної лайки українська вибірка більш подібна до американської та польської, ніж до російської.
 У висновках сформульовано типологію вживання обсценної лексики, обумовлену соціокультурними особливостями різних країн; виділені характерні риси української вибірки, де на основі кримінально-вульгаризованої мови відбуваються процеси формування демократичного суспільства та відродження національної ідентичності. Запропоновані заходи щодо соціальної регуляції мовної норми та запобігання поширенню обсценної лексики в молодіжному середовищі.

Social thinking capital: Individual discount ratewhen contributing to merit and public goods

The hypothesis of declining individual discount rates for socially significant investments as compared to the rates for socially neutral ones confirmed based on a mass survey with using hypothetical situations on investing by the individuals the lottery prize to long-term social bonds. It is shown that there exists a special type of asset in the form of additional part of capital advanced to investment projects which arises for socially significant projects from the fact that people are ready to vote for their financing at a lower rate. The conclusions are drawn about the value of the considered type of asset for the case of Russia, the social base through which it can be accumulated and its differences for merit and public goods of various types. The study was conducted on the basis of a Russian national quota sample.

Association between the phenotype of metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction

Abstract Aim This study aimed to investigate the associations between the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in a Russian population sample. Materials and methods A random population sample of men and women aged 45–69 years old at baseline was examined in 2003–2005 in a Russian city; after that the cohort was followed-up for 12 years on the average (2003–2016). A sub-cohort of subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 at baseline was selected for present study (3157 individuals, 73.2% women); of those, 3008 subjects free from baseline history of MI/acute CHD was included for analysis. The data on incident myocardial infarction (MI) were ascertained from register of MI, two repeated examinations and repeated postal interviews during 12-year follow-up of the cohort. We used two definitions of MHO: by NCEP ATPIII, 2001 (the presence of 2 or less components of the metabolic syndrome) and by IDF 2005 (waist circumference (WC) ≥94 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women regardless of risk factors). Multivariable Cox regression was conducted using the SPSS package (V. 13.0). Results The prevalence of MHO at baseline ranged from 20% (by IDF) to 45% (by NCEPATPIII) in obese sub-cohort. Among subjects with MHO at baseline, about one half of subjects developed metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotype (MUO) during 12-years. Women were more likely to retain MHO (32%) and more frequent transited from MUO to MHO (14%) compared to men (22% and 6% by IDF criteria, correspondently) during 12 years. The relative risk of incident MI in subjects with MUO at baseline was 1.9 times higher than in those with MHO (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9) by NCEPATP III. Among men, the relative risk of MI in those with MUO (by NCEP ATP III) was 2 times higher than in a group with MHO (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0). Among women, the relative risk of MI in those with MUO (by NCEP ATP III) was 2.2 (95% CI 1.2- 4.2) compared to MHO group. Using the IDF criteria, the relative risk of MI in MUO vs. MHO was 2.2 (95% CI 0.9–5.7) in men and 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9–5.7) in women. Conclusions In this study population, men aged 45–69 have more frequent progression from metabolically healthy to metabolically unhealthy obesity during 12 years compared to women. The 12-year risk of incident MI in subjects with MUO was approximately twice higher compared to MHO and the excess risk was similar in men and women. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Wellcom Trust

The association of metacognition with emotion recognition and perspective taking in a Russian sample with psychosis

Schizophrenia may reflect an interactive network of disturbances in cognition. In this study we have examined the relationship between two forms of cognition: metacognition and social cognition among a sample with schizophrenia (n = 41), early episode psychosis (n = 37), and major depression (n = 30) gathered in Moscow, Russia. Metacognition was assessed with the Metacognition Assessment Scale-Abbreviated. Social cognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 Faces Test and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Verbal memory and global psychopathology were included as potential covariates. Partial correlations controlling for demographics, neurocognition, and psychopathology revealed greater metacognitive capacity was linked to better facial emotion recognition and perspective taking in the prolonged schizophrenia group. Greater metacognitive capacity in the early psychosis group was linked with greater facial emotion recognition. Metacognition and social cognition were not related to one another in the depression group. Social cognition and metacognition may be uniquely related in psychosis.

Factor Structure Specificity of Intercultural Competence Among International Relations Students: A Gender Perspective

Introduction. This study focuses on intercultural competence of students of international relations and aims to determine the characteristics of intercultural competence in the group of Russian male and female students of international relations. Methods. The ideas of the Council of Europe document on key competencies underlying the culture of democracy were the source material for the study of intercultural competence. We interviewed 54 students of international relations aged 17–23 years using the technique of M. Barrett who operationalized this conceptual model of the Council of Europe. This paper represents a first effort in comparing the factor structure of theoretical and empirical models of Russian respondents’ intercultural competence (taking into account their gender) in relation to their values, behavioral attitudes, practical skills, and knowledge necessary for intercultural interaction. Results. The study involving Russian respondents confirmed the hypothesis that there are no differences in the number of factors in the theoretical and empirical models of intercultural competence. In the group of Russian female students the rating of factors of intercultural competence was as follows: 1 – practical skills, 2 – tolerance, 3 – empathy, and 4 – civic consciousness. In the group of Russian male students the rating of factors of intercultural competence was as follows: 1 – respect and responsibility, 2 – adaptability, 3 – empathy, and 4 – tolerance. Discussion. The findings obtained from the Russian sample suggest that while maintaining the four-factor structure in the theoretical and empirical models of intercultural competence, the content of factors differs significantly from the theoretical model. In our research, the respondents showed semantic and instrumental diversity in the components of intercultural competence. Women associate the success of intercultural interaction with skills, self-education, skills for listening and understanding, willingness to cooperate, and tolerance. For men, the success of intercultural interaction depends on respect and responsibility, adaptability, knowledge and its critical understanding. The conceptual model for the development of intercultural competence should be improved taking into account gender and professional characteristics of students and should be implemented in educational programs.

EMPATHY AND REFLEXIVITY AS DETERMINANTS OF ETHNIC TOLERANCE OF STUDENTS OF RUSSIAN AND BELARUSIAN COMMUNITIES

The high applied significance of the problem of effective and tolerant student interaction in a multicultural educational environment has been proved. The results of an empirical research of personality determinants of ethnic tolerance of students have been presented. The study has been carried out on a Russian and Belarusian sample of students, which allowed us to identify specific features of the influence of empathy and reflexivity as personal determinants on the level of ethnic tolerance among students of different ethnic communities. The levels of development of empathy and reflexivity among Russian students and Belarusian students have been defined and analysed, their social predictors have been substantiated. Based on the results of variance and multiple regression analyses the strength, orientation and content characteristics of the influence of empathy and reflexivity of the individual on the student’s ethnic tolerance have been revealed. The results of the study are of interest to specialists in the field of personality psychology, ethnic psychology, cross-cultural communication.

Языковые проблемы в представлениях россиян: актуализация и новые контексты

Статья посвящена анализу актуальных проблем языковой политики и практики в России в последние несколько лет. Использованы данные массового опроса по репрезентативной общероссийской выборке, проведенного ВЦИОМ по заказу ФАДН России, а также материалы социологических исследований в республиках Татарстан, Башкортостан, Саха (Якутия), реализованных Центром исследования межнациональных отношений ФНИСЦ РАН. В контексте актуализации вопросов статуса русских и русского языка в общественно-политическом пространстве показано, что в общероссийской гражданской идентичности русский язык как идентификатор значим для почти половины россиян и уступает только общему государству. Важный вывод состоит в том, что русский язык как идентификатор общероссийской гражданской идентичности значим для русских в гораздо большей мере, чем для людей других национальностей, и усиление его позиций в правовом поле может иметь дестабилизирующее влияние на межэтническое согласие. В контексте языковых противоречий в образовании в статье выявлена преобладающая установка россиян в целом на добровольное изучение государственных языков республик, впервые изученная на общероссийской выборке.

Смыслы общероссийской гражданской идентичности в массовом сознании россиян

На материалах мониторингового исследования Федерального агентства по делам национальностей, выполненного Всероссийским центром изучения общественного мнения по общероссийской выборке (2000 респондентов), анализируется значимость интегрирующих представлений об общем государстве, территории, историческом прошлом, культуре, гражданских ценностях. Показано, что российская идентичность формировалась не только государством, но и усилиями самого общества. В современных условиях наиболее широко распространен тип государственной идентичности, связанный со страновыми и территориальными представлениями, и меньше — историко-культурный и гражданский. Идентифицирующие паттерны динамичны и корреспондируют в представлениях людей. Акцентируются множественность идентичностей и совмещение российской и этнической идентичностей. Показано, что вариативность содержания российской идентичности в наибольшей мере проявляется в оценке значимости идентификации на основе общего государства и в наименьшей — исторического прошлого. Содержание российской идентичности сходно среди жителей городов и сёл, выделяются только крупные города, жители которых большее значение придают исторической и культурной составляющей. Доля людей, ощущавших связь с гражданами России, увеличилась с 84% в 2016 г. до 91% в 2019 г. Среди людей с сильной (актуальной) идентичностью несколько больше молодых и образованных, ориентированных на межэтническое согласие и доверие, но при этом не более трети россиян чувствуют ответственность за судьбу страны. Задачей государства и общества является формирование гражданского сознания, ответственности за позитивную направленность общероссийской идентичности.

Bazı Buğday Çeşitlerinin Protein Karakterizasyonundaki Farklılık

The objective of this study is to evaluate protein characteristics of five wheat varieties. These varieties are Tosunbey (Turkey), Urfasert (Turkey), Esperia (Italy), Odeska (Ukraine) and imported wheat blend (Russia). Tosunbey, Urfasert, Esperia and Odeska were harvested in Turkey. Protein is an important component of wheat and influences the quality of wheat products. The hectoliter weight of wheat samples and gluten quality (gluten index, zeleny sedimentation, modified sedimentation) and rheological properties (extensograph) of flour samples were analyzed. Extensibility (mm), resistance to extension (BU) and maximum resistance (BU) values of samples were determined at 45, 90 and 135 min proving time. The results showed that the wheat samples were significantly different from each other in terms of hectoliter weight. Urfasert wheat flour had the lowest gluten index value, zeleny sedimentation value and modified sedimentation value in all samples. The other samples had statistically similar gluten index values. Zeleny sedimentation and modified sedimentation values of Russian wheat blend flour were significantly higher than those of the other samples. Russian wheat blend sample had also the highest resistance to extension and maximum resistance values at 45 min proving time. The extensibility value of Tosunbey wheat sample at all proving times was statistically similar to that of other wheat samples. The highest maximum resistance values at 90 and 135 min proving time were observed for Russian wheat blend sample. It was concluded that Russian wheat blend sample imported from Russia had high gluten quality, while Urfasert wheat sample harvested in Turkey had low gluten quality.