Russian Philosophy Research Articles

Вл. Соловьев и его время в оценке А.Ф. Лосева

The article considers A.F. Losev's analysis of the philosophy of unity of V. Solovyov, carried out by him in the book “V. Solovyov and his time”. The comparative method and techniques of historical and philosophical reconstruction are used. Methodological guidelines for comparing the views of Solovyov and Losev are formulated. The main attention is paid to the characteristic of Solovyov's theoretical philosophy. The categorical structures of the concept of unity and its basic categories are revealed. The question of to what extent Solovyov's teaching can be considered mysticism is discussed. Losev's characterization of Solovyov's concept as a classical type of philosophy is explained. The national aspect of his theoretical ideas is highlighted. The content of Solovyov's image-concept of Sofia is considered, as well as the critical remarks of Losev, who discovers the contradiction contained in it. It is argued that Solovyov's understanding of evolution cannot be considered as a variant of religious natural philosophy. It is noted that cosmology, developed by the philosopher, organically transforms into anthropology, permeated with the Messianic idea of human vocation. He formulated the idea of the need to save the world through its rebirth under the influence of communion with the divine principle. The fruitful influence of Solovyov's concept on V.F. Erna, Vyacheslav Ivanov, A.N. Berdyaev, S.L. Frank – all subsequent Russian philosophy. The article concludes that A.F. Losev's book is a deep and independent study of V. Solovyov's philosophical concept, and his analysis sets important guidelines for the development of modern theoretical thought.

KEY CONCEPTS OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE "RUSSIAN IDEA" IN A PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT

The author of the article presents a study on the dialectics of the universal spirit from the perspective of Russian philosophy. The interrelation of concepts such as "national spirit," "folk soul," "national self-consciousness," "national character," and others is analyzed. The significance of the "Russian idea" for Russian self-consciousness is shown, revealing the uniqueness of the worldview of the Russian people, basic traditional values, and the distinctive path of civilization development. A historical overview and the stages of the development of ideas about the "Russian idea" are provided, highlighting the peculiarities of the development of national self-consciousness. The author elaborates on the idea that the "Russian idea" is one of the philosophical foundations of national self-consciousness, representing a unique understanding of the Russian soul and national character. The author employs methods of historical-philosophical analysis and the cultural studies method, allowing for an analysis of the course of historical changes in ideas about the Russian idea over centuries.

Law as an Embodiment of the Idea of Absolute Good

Abstract. The authors of the monograph “The idea of Good in F. M. Dostoevsky’s work and its influence on the development of the philosophy of law (to the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky)” A. I. Bastrykin, R. F. Ismagilov and V. P. Salnikov continue the traditions of the Russian philosophy of law, since in their understanding of law they proceed from the idea of the Absolute, as it developed in classical philosophy from Parmenides to Hegel, and in the experience of interpreting law in relation to national values and ideals, they start from the philosophical speculations of Dostoevsky. The monograph provides a detailed author’s interpretation of Dostoevsky’s teaching about being, good and evil, society, state, law, justice, and the historical destiny of Russia.

On the Eastern style of thinking in A. Bely’s theory of symbolism

RELEVANCE. The study is devoted to understanding and identifying the significance of the eastern style of philosophy and aesthetics of Taoism in the work of the prominent representative of Russian symbolism Andrey Bely (Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev), who determined the development of the literary process (modernist and post-modernist movements) and art of the first third of the 20th century and influenced the further development Russian literature. The purpose of the study is to show the conceptual content of the aesthetic thought of the Russian philosopher and symbolist poet through the prism of Taoism and to clarify the presence of Eastern traditional wisdom (“Tao Te Ching”) in the construction of A. Bely’s theory of symbolism.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material was the collected works of A. Bely. The translation of the book “Tao Te Ching” written by the great Chinese thinker Lao Tzu, presented for the first time for the Russian-speaking reader, was used.” When solving research problems, a description method with the interpretive function of language was used, that is, a method of studying the interpretation of knowledge about the world. In our case, the interpretation of Taoism is focused on the interpretive activity of an individual creative personality, which always presupposes the subjective selectivity of the word.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. An analysis of the work of A. Bely showed that in reflecting the problems of the symbol, the philosophical principles of symbolism, in addition to two sources, they participate: on the one hand, the ideas of the Slavophiles, arising from the philosophy of V. Solovyov, on the other hand, the system of Western philosophy (the ideas of A. Schopenhauer and F. Nietzsche), a reflection of the creative borrowing of Eastern wisdom, ideas and functions of Chinese literature. The originality of the imaginative thinking of the Russian symbolist poet, who, in accordance with his spiritual nature, followed his bright creative path, is reflected in the development of the artistic method – symbolism.CONCLUSION. The idea of A. Bely’s symbolism is based on the compatibility of the concepts of various thinkers, including philosophizing in the Taoist style. A. Bely created a unified symbolic picture of the world - the unification of artistic, aesthetic, religious, mystical and everyday ideas and knowledge about the world into one whole. The connecting sign of this unification is the Symbol, which has a pronounced authorial character, has an infinity of boundaries of value, and not a semantic individual interpretation of the word and broadcasts the manifestation of systemic pluralism, revealing the essence of the world and being.

Formation of Aesthetic Taste in Students of Professional Educational Organization by Means of Decorative and Applied Art

Introduction. The current stage of development of Russian society is characterized by global socio-economic changes that have caused instability in public life, a crisis of society and its main institutions, the destruction of spiritual ideals, which has led to a decrease in the level of morality and spirituality of young people, the level of formation of aesthetic taste. Therefore, the problem of lack of aesthetic tolerance is relevant, which can lead to negative phenomena in society, indifference or an aggressive attitude towards complex aesthetic phenomena that require intellectual perception. The purpose of the study is to develop and theoretically substantiate a didactic model for the formation of students’ aesthetic taste in an educational environment through the means of arts and crafts and to experimentally test its effectiveness. Methodology. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: theoretical: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, idealization (creation of an ideal object) as a thought experiment; empirical: observation, pedagogical experiment, study of the results of artistic and creative activities of students. Research instruments are the tools that were used to collect and analyze data. We used the following tools: survey (using the survey we found answers to a number of questions that were developed for a specific group of students); an interview that helped gather information about students’ knowledge of arts and crafts; observation – this tool was used to study human behavior in various situations We studied the level of practical skills of students in the implementation of aesthetic ideas when performing an object of decorative and applied art using the association of a picture, which reflects the national idea, historical symbols and connotations – traditions and rituals, epics in the form of traditional shapes and colors, simple symbols, decorative folklore images. Based on the results obtained, in the course of empirical research, we have developed training programs for in-depth mastery of content in the disciplines “Technology” and “Fine Arts”. The thematic curriculum includes the following sections: 1. Russian art of the 18th–20th centuries. in the works of artists (I. E. Repin, M. P. Botkin, A. G. Venetsianov, P. P. Vereshchagin, etc.). 2. History of Russian culture in epics, fables, poems and fairy tales. 3. Russian decorative art. 4. Ornament as a form of Russian philosophy. 5. Ornament in the works of Khokhloma masters. 6. Ornament of Siberian carpets. 7. Understanding of beauty in Russian painting. 8. The property of Russian literature. Results. As a result of the study, a didactic model for the formation of aesthetic taste of students in the educational environment of a college was developed. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed curriculum and the identified pedagogical conditions that contribute to the most effective formation of aesthetic taste among students of a professional educational organization through the means of decorative and applied arts. Methodological products were adapted to the conditions of the Chelyabinsk Pedagogical College No. 1. After analyzing the problems identified within the framework of the study, programs for the academic disciplines “Fine Arts and Technology” and methodological recommendations for the formation of artistic and aesthetic taste through the means of decorative and applied arts were developed and implemented into the educational process of designers. Conclusions. The developed curriculum, being part of the educational process at aesthetic faculties, contains specific proposals for improving the training of specialists. Particular attention is paid to tasks for students specializing in painting. This allows us to enrich the experience of implementing creative projects and create aesthetically pleasing products of modern design. The methodological products developed during the study can be used in the professional activities of teachers of vocational training in secondary vocational education organizations.

Рефлексия о технике в социальной мифологии В.Ф. Одоевского: финал романтического механицизма

The article is devoted to the origins of reflection on technology in Russian philosophy and literature from the 19th and 20th centuries. Our focus is on the technical developments and the phenomenon of technology as it appears in the works of the Russian philosopher Vladimir Odoevsky. The appeal to Odoevsky’s ideas is of particular relevance in today’s context of the formation of technological societies and perspectives. It is with the achievements of mechanics and technology that Odoevsky correlates his hopes for the good development of man and society, he connects the enlightenment and education of young people. At the same time, Odoevsky sees the danger lurking in mechanism and rational knowledge. This danger will be the loss of integrity, decay and devastation that will befall the world that has survived the crisis of culture. Turning to the work of the thinker, we trace the trends in reflection on technology from a philosophical position, as well as in unity with the poetic and musical. The theoretical basis of the study is the opposition of Odoevsky’s technical and poetic as vectors of social development. As a result of the analysis, the author of the article comes to an ambivalent assessment of the role of technology by Odoevsky, contrasting the romanticization of technology with the negative prospects of the “industrial”, “egoistic” century, which are further developed in the domestic and foreign philosophy of technology and anti-utopia of the 20th and 21th centuries. In his futuristic projects, Odoevsky discovers the potential of scientific foresight, embodied in the achievements of modern science and technology. The transition in the assessment of technology from idealism to scientific realism and positivism, reasoning of a social orientation (“Russian Nights”, 1844), the key opposition in Odoevsky’s concept of the romanticization of technology to the negative prospects of technical expansion is further developed in the domestic and foreign philosophy of technology of the 20th and 21th centuries. The modern appeal to reflection on technology in Russian philosophy and literature is due to the expansive introduction of technology into the life of society, the rejection of ethical neutrality and the trend towards autonomy, as well as the demand for the modern educational process, university training programs for both humanitarian and technical orientation.

Творчество и религиозность как проблема философии русской культуры

This review presents an analysis of the fundamental work “Creativity and religiosity in Russian culture. Philosophical Research” was written by the Russian philosopher and cultural scientist O.A. Zhukova who has been fruitfully researching the history of Russian culture and national thought for many years. The new book is the third part of a trilogy devoted to discussing the line of succession in Russian cultural and intellectual history, which is characterized by a religious understanding of creativity. The author formulates important theoretical positions, as well as methodological approaches to the study in philosophy of Russian culture and history. The large scale work is highlighted by the original interpretation of the plots considered in it. In the book, O.A. Zhukova develops the thesis about the ideal-centering of Russian culture, she offers a philosophical-culturological model of the historical dynamics of Russian culture. The basis of this model is the creative experience of a personality.

Apophatic Turn in Anthropology: the Experience of Russian Philosophy

The article notes that after the relatively short “death of human,” there is a noticeable increase in research attention to anthropological issues. With all the variety of different approaches, ideas, concepts, the common thing is the interest in the “inner human”, the “secret of human”, in his innermost spiritual layers. This traditional interest in philosophy today is gaining a new birth, connected, on the one hand, with the need to overcome the anthropological crisis, and on the other, with a deeper development of the heritage of Russian philosophical culture. Modern researchers in the field of philosophical anthropology often use the term “apophatics” in relation to this process. A distinction is made between the theological and strictly philosophical uses of apophatic terminology. It is shown how the tradition of apophatic anthropology is formed in Russian philosophy, which is based around the idea of F.M. Dostoevsky about human as a mystery. This idea has been adopted by many authors. Using the example of some constructions by N.N. Strakhov, V.I. Nesmelov, B.P. Vysheslavtsev, N.A. Berdyaev, V.V. Zenkovsky, L. Shestov, V.V. Rozanov, it is being demonstrated how apophatic anthropology is transformed into moral anthropodicy, which can be called a typological characteristic of Russian philosophy. Particular attention is paid to the anthropology of the “hidden human” of Andrei Platonov, in whose work there is a radicalization of the apophatic nature of human from the “silent mystery of being” to the irresponsibility of the question about the meaning of life. It is concluded that apophatic anthropology makes possible the elusive connection between ethics and metaphysics in Russian philosophy, thereby setting a new research perspective.

Dialogue and the “miracle of language”: the early and late Bakhtin

Abstract This essay begins with a brief account of the French linguistic structuralism and very briefly some aspects of the post-structuralist critique of it, here represented by Lacan and, Deleuze, and Guattari as a response to it. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the essay is to show a critique of structuralism that came earlier than the post-structuralist one, namely that of the Russian philosopher of the dialogic speech and literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin in the 1920s. The concept of the dialogical word has had a major influence in cultural semiotics, literary – and film studies and existential psychotherapy. A second purpose of this essay is to briefly show in what way the ethics of the dialogical word is important in the latter, in existential psychotherapeutic work. Translations from Swedish and French are mine.

Representation of World War One in Pre-Revolutionary Cinema in the Context of Russian Philosophy and Journalism of the Early Twentieth Century

The article examines the representation of World War One in Russian pre-revolutionary cinema. The author introduces a typology of war fiction films and analyzes its transformation from 1914 to 1916, focusing on the evolution of the enemy portrayal. To account for the appearance of certain screen images, the general historical and cultural context is described. Particular attention is paid to the works of Russian philosophers (N. Berdyaev, V. Rozanov, S. Bulgakov), who wrote about the world war, which would reshape European political and socio-cultural landscapes.

Хроника научной жизни: 2023 год

The review material "Chronicle of Scientific Life" presents the main events of 2023 on the topics of Russian philosophy: all-Russian and international conferences, dissertations for the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences. Events are listed by month - thus, the reader is presented with a calendar of scientific work of the main institutions: RAS Institute of Philosophy, Orthodox St. Tikhon University for the Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian State University for the Humanities, House of A.F. Losev and many others.

Новые книги

The collective material of the employees of RAS Institute of Philosophy (A. Vakulinskaya, K. Vorozhikhina, A. Kuksyuk, A. Makarova, V. Sidorin) describes the book novelties of 2023 related to topics of Russian philosophy. Brief summaries present the main content of the books - thus, the reader is able to get acquainted with the most important and interesting publications, including: “Civilization: The Polyphony of Meanings. Memoria”; “Solowjew” by H. U. von Balthasar; “We will be Faces/Persons… An Analytical-Synthetic Reading of Dostoevsky’s Works" by T. Kasatkina; Volume 7 of E. Ilyenkov's Collected Works ; Volume 5 of S. Frank's Collected Works; “My Zinoviev” by A. Guseinov; “Nikolai Berdyaev: an Epistolary Conversation. Archival Materials” ed. By T. Shchedrina; collective monograph "Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy”; “Eurasianism: Logos. Eidos. Symbol. Myth” by R. Vakhitov; Anthology “The Сement and Body of Russian Socialism”.

Спиритуализм в истории русской религиозной мысли: ключевые оценки и трактовки

The article presents a critical review of the assessments of Modern Spiritualism in Russian philosophical historiography and positions it as a certain kind of natural theology. The author positions spiritualism as a special religious philosophy and outlines the reasons why it was considered as a practice without any philosophical significance. The article considers philosophical characteristics of Spiritualism given by Russian religious philosophers and offers some critical remarks on historiography's opinion about Spiritualism as a kind of "positivism". The author suggests, that spiritualism should be investigated in the perspective of the history of philosophical and theological thought of the early New Modern period. The article deals with analogies between the themes of early modern natural theology and the problems spiritualists were deeply interested in. It touches upon the discussions about the nature of the soul, especially, the questions of its corporeality and possible annihilation. Early modern discussions about witchcraft should be studied as a key issue, which links natural theology and spiritualism. The article proposes to compare seventeenth-century "witch-hunts", aimed to prove the existence of the spirit world, and nineteenth-century investigations of mediums. The importance of Leibnizianism and pneumatological teachings of the eighteenth century as precursors of spiritualist religious and philosophical thought is also pointed out. The article proposes to investigate Spiritualism not only as a subject for Orthodox apologetics’ criticism, but also as a special kind of Christian apologetics that emerged in the early Modern period and aimed at proving the immortality of the soul while refuting the arguments of materialist critics. Both Russian spiritualists and Russian philosophers (V.S. Soloviev, N.Y. Grot, L.M. Lopatin) were interested in "mediumistic phenomena". It is argued that the spiritualists of the late 19th century sought to overcome «positivist» limitations, and were not satisfied with the Kantian solution, which put a barrier to the cognition of the "real" world. The study of Spiritualism in the perspective of Christian natural theology makes it possible to grasp the main reason for the interest of Russian philosophers in Spiritualism and its’ "psychic phenomena" – the potential opportunity to find new arguments in favor of the immortality of the soul.

Solidarization of Russian Society: a Historiographical Analysis

Introduction. At present the relevance of the problem of solidarity of Russian society is associated with the attempts of the countries of the Greater West to solve accumulated problems through building an image of the enemy, which makes it possible to consolidate national economies and effectively fight opposition forces within the country. In modern Russian philosophy, a number of approaches to developing the concept of solidarity of Russian society have developed. Despite this, many aspects of this problem still remain insufficiently studied. Thus, this study analyzes various approaches to defining the solidarity of society, which were formed in Russian philosophy; identifies the essential properties of solidarity, and substantiates the thesis about the need to form new tools and mechanisms of social order that will allow for the solidarity of society. The purpose of the presented research is a historiographic analysis of the concept of solidarity in relation to Russian reality. Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of this study is the principle of unity of the historical and logical, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. There were used as sources the works of classics of Russian philosophical thought who developed the concept of solidarity (I.S. Aksakov, N.Ya. Danilevsky, etc.), as well as the works of modern Russian thinkers, such as Yu.V. Shkudunova, A.A. Efanov, allowing to identify the main aspects of the problem of solidarity of Russian society. Results and discussion. The authors of this article conducted a historiographical analysis of the concept of “solidarization”. During the analysis, the main essential properties of solidarity were identified, such as procedurality, value orientation, ideology, and complexity. The relevance of the traditions of Russian religious philosophy for the development of the problem of solidarity is also shown. The authors consider the solidarity of society as a set of political, economic and sociocultural processes aimed at uniting society around an integral system of values expressed by a single social ideology. Conclusion. The modern world is in a phase of political turbulence, which has a direct impact on all fundamental aspects of society. Their impact can be seen especially clearly in the example of Russian reality. In these conditions, the survival of Russia depends on the degree of unity of society as a guarantee of national security.

Из опыта преподавания. XIII. Имя кристаллического полиэдра. К 130-летию со дня рождения А. Ф. Лосева и 100-летию «Философии имени»

The article is timed to the 130th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian philosopher A. F. Losev (1893—1988) and the 100th anniversary of his work «The Philosophy of Name». Against the background of his ideas, the article considers the nomenclature of polyhedral crystalline simple forms, developed by the scientific school of the «Fedorov Institute» under the leadership of A. K. Boldyrev in the walls of the Leningrad Mining Institute. A general algorithmic approach to the nomenclature of convex polyhedra, convenient for computer data processing, is proposed. It opens an extensive research programme on the frontier of combinatorial theory of convex polyhedra, linear algebra and number theory. The aim of the article is to improve the teaching of crystallography in Russian universities and to broaden the outlook of students in related fields of knowledge.

Философия как призвание и профессия: история становления философа в России, рассказанная от первого лица

This essay is a recollection of my years of study at Moscow State University and the beginning of work at the Higher School of Economics, as well as a reflection on the current period and state of philosophy in Russia in general. The purpose of this essay is an attempt to reflect on one’s belonging to a certain generation of philosophers, comparing it with past and future generations, as well as an attempt to trace the successive thread of generations. Using the example of my own apprenticeship, as well as teaching, the distinctive features of each new stage in the formation of philosophy in Russia are shown. Based on personal experience, the similarities and differences between Russian and foreign practice of teaching philosophy, as well as working in the academy as a professional philosopher, are thought through. The influence of the most significant and key studies and researchers on my philosophical perception, as well as on the formation of my generation of philosophers, is traced. The names and faces represent the characteristic spirit of a certain philosophical era, the most valuable and defining relationships for the author with colleagues and friends, the most important and promising projects and joint endeavors are recalled.

Философы на рубеже XXI века: о «философском поколении» нулевых

The article examines the transformation of philosophy and the features of its teaching during the transition from Soviet to post-Soviet philosophy in Russia. The environment of the Faculty of Philosophy of the State Academic University for the Humanities and the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the late 1990s - early 2000s is analyzed. It is demonstrated that during this period there was a “perestroika” of philosophy, during which the Marxist philosophy of the Soviet period was completely hushed up. The special scientific atmosphere of the sector of the theory of knowledge of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the leadership of V. A. Lektorsky is analyzed. An idea of ​​“philosophical generations” is given, in which the key unifying factor is the presence of “significant others” - teachers who had a significant influence on the formation of a new generation of philosophers.

Ускользающие поколения

Appeal to the idea of ​​generation is a fairly effective tool for interpreting changes occurring in various spheres of human activity, in particular in the field of philosophical knowledge. It links the historical picture of such changes to an important anthropological constant - human age - and allows us to reconstruct both the general natural dynamics of what is happening and the unique features of each stage of the dynamic process. However, the “generational” (discrete) dimension of history in some specific cases may lose its significance and go into the shadows, giving way to those dimensions that ensure continuity and continuity. In relation to philosophical knowledge, these are factors of the universal unity of the problematic and the philosophical school. The biography of the author of this essay shows that a certain part of Russian philosophers is characterized by precisely this correlation of features and driving forces of their academic career. Philosophers belonging to this group are characterized by two common features: 1) coming to philosophy from other humanities disciplines; 2) coming to philosophy against the backdrop of a more or less acute “personnel crisis” in this discipline at the turn of the 1990–2000s. They can also be called a kind of generation, at least a generation within a generation. However, their “generational” unity is purely structural, and the content of their activities is determined by their belonging to the schools through which they were introduced to philosophy. Thus, the author of the essay, who initially specialized in the history of social thought, became a graduate student in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at Tula State University named after L. N. Tolstoy, working closely with the ethics sector of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This determined not only his long-term connection with the institute, but also his belonging to the Moscow ethical school with its methodological approaches and theoretical guidelines regarding the phenomenon of morality. Such a biographical scenario excluded priority communication with philosophical peers and contributed to the perception of one’s discipline (ethics) not as a space of generational change, which dramatically fight each other to define a “universally recognized reality” (J. Ortega y Gasset), but as a space for collective solutions to cross-cutting theoretical problems.

Living in Illusion is Dangerous

Abstract The interview given by Marina F. Bykova, Professor of Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at North Carolina State University (USA), and the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Studies in East European Thought. She earned her PhD and Dr. Habil in Philosophy from the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia), where she worked until relocating to the USA in 2000. Bykova specializes in the history of nineteenth century continental philosophy, with a particular focus on German idealism. She has also written extensively on Russian philosophy and intellectual tradition. She has published 11 books and over 250 scholarly articles. Her forthcoming book, Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature: A Critical Guide, is set to be released by Cambridge University Press in 2024.

On the issue of worldview and values in the context of teaching the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood"

The purpose of the study is to consider the ideological principles and value orientations of Russian civilization in the framework of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" (ORG). The novelty lies in the fact that the third section ("Russian worldview and values of Russian civilization") is considered as the ideological core of the new discipline. In addition, the special role of teachers in the protection of common cultural identity is emphasized. The tasks are to reveal in ORG classes the originality of the Russian worldview, which harmoniously combines a practical orientation with a spiritual and moral basis; to form the idea that the learning process cannot take place completely without discussions of philosophical and socio-historical topics, since teachers influence the course of the history of the people and are responsible for the fate of his Fatherland. According to the author, it is important to give a philosophical understanding of values in lectures so that students perceive them not as an installation, but as a manifestation of our historically developed holistic worldview. The article compares the Russian and Western worldview models. It is shown that the accusation of our Fatherland of aggression was used as information propaganda: the plans of world domination are alien to the Russian idea. It is noted that the question of Russia's survival lies in putting forward its own Russian-centric ideology, which should be determined by the "soil". The methods used in the course of the research are historical, comparative, hermeneutical, and analytical. The author of the article concludes that the Russian worldview is creative, it is original and includes religious, scientific, philosophical and artistic components in its unity. Spiritual and moral constants are manifested in the integrity of thinking and semantic imagery of the Russian language, which has played an important role in the formation of Russia as a state-civilization, being a tool for expressing the identity of different peoples, contributing to the preservation and development of the cultural diversity of the country. Russian philosophy's key center is the idea of the "contemplative heart". Our national worldview is tinged with life-affirming pathos, permeated with faith in the salvation of the world, and has a Messianic basis. The author is convinced that pedagogical activity should restore and strengthen the socio-cultural and spiritual foundations of Russian civilization, the strength and viability of which has been proven historically: only on this foundation can the sovereignty of the country be ensured.