Russian Economy Research Articles

Overview of retail investment instruments of the Russian economy

Features of the current stage of development of Russia increase the relevance of studying problems associated with the expansion of internal sources of financing economic growth, one of which may be citizens’ savings. To attract private capital more widely, the national financial system can and should provide a large range of tools for private investors that meet the needs of citizens in terms of profitability and safety of funds. The paper has considered the key tools of retail investment, which are currently widely used in domestic practice. Alternative ways of private investment have also been explored. They can be applied depending on the needs of specific actors, market participants, or citizens. The development of a line of instruments for the retail investment – deposits, long-term individual investment accounts, products of research and production associations, insurance products, etc., their availability is one of the conditions for the effective functioning of the domestic financial market and, as a consequence, the Russian economy as a whole. The analysis of the essence, trends, opportunities, and risks of the retail investment instruments will allow us to assess the effectiveness of the activities of financial regulators in this area and identify promising and appropriate areas for its improvement.

Russian Orientalistics (Vostokovedenie)

Abstract This article examines the history, current state and prospects of Oriental and African Studies (OAS) in modern Russia. It explains why there are several educational models of OAS at bachelor’s and master’s degree in Russia and describes the current situation where 22 Russian universities offering OAS programmes produce graduates with mostly only two majors, i.e., historians and philologists. The article addresses the position of OAS among modern Russian scientific disciplines. Another aim is to trace the historical logic of the development of Oriental Studies and related African Studies in Russia, placing the discourse in the context of the Eastern Question, or the political fate of the Ottoman Empire. Finally, it identifies and justifies some current alternative trends in the development of OAS in Russian education and science.

STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS IN KOSTROMA REGION TO ALL-RUSSIAN STANDARDS: A SYNTACTIC APPROACH

The paper is devoted to the analysis of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition, cause, goal, concession, consequence in regional newspapers of Kostroma Region in comparison with the data of similar studies conducted on the material of all-Russian periodicals. The grammar of the language, which is the backbone of the entire language system, is the most stable, standardised, which should be manifested at the syntactic level. The description of linguistic phenomena in the materials of regional periodicals in comparison with the all-Russia’s ones contributes to the forming of a general picture of the syntax of the modern Russian language. This paper shows on quantitative research data the correspondence of the syntax of regional newspapers with the language of all-Russia’s periodicals in the following aspects – the distribution of complex sentences with various types of subordinate clauses in the general system of conditionality and the peculiarities of using the means of their construction. It is shown that in the texts of regional newspapers of Kostroma Region, at the syntactic level, there are all the structural and semantic features of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality – distribution by their types, the use of typed and non-typed means of communication, the phenomena of gradation, inversion, parcellation, phraseologisation of subordinate clauses. On the example of functioning of the most popular, semantically capacious and significant complex sentences, it is concluded that the syntactic media image of Kostroma Region reflects the general picture in modern Russian journalism, which indicates the stability of the system of complex sentences at the current stage of language development.

Holy Sobriety in Modern Russia: A Faith Healer and His Followers, written by Page Herrlinger

Holy Sobriety in Modern Russia: A Faith Healer and His Followers, written by Page Herrlinger

Structural elements and performance of entrepreneurial management systems at large corporations

The Russian economy is currently lagging behind developed nations in terms of innovation, which necessitates adopting relevant approaches to managing socio-economic systems to keep them competitive and ensure their sustainable develop ment. Large corporations have significant resource potential and social power, which makes it relevant to improve management of their entrepreneurial activity that stimulates innovation development. The paper aims to judge the quality of entrepreneurial management systems at large corporations and evaluate their innovation performance. Corporate governance theory and man agement theory constitute the methodological framework of the study. The research methods used are qualitative, regression and comparative analysis. The empirical data are obtained from 160 corporations included in 2023 RAEX-600 Ranking and rep resenting 21 industrial sectors, as well as data from the RF Federal State Statistics Service and the All-Russia data system on com panies and business “For Honest Business” for the period of 2010–2022. The study identifies 19 elements of the entrepreneurial management system at large corporations, e.g., the presence of an R&D center, startup support, commitment to open innovation, a corporate venture fund, etc., and assesses how intensively they are used across industries. As for the innovation performance of the system under review, no statistical relationship was observed between performance indicators of many corporations and the volume of shipped innovative products. Thus, the research reveals that entrepreneurial management systems at a large number of corporations lack innovation performance, which requires further research into their quality.

The phenomenon of word-creation as a kind of language game (on the example of the online dictionary Slovodna)

This study aims to investigate the implementation of the phenomenon of word creation as a kind of а language game in the modern media space – the social network Instagram.The theoretical part of the study is based on several works devoted to the phenomenon under study by Boris Norman, Vladimir Sannikov, Tatiana Kuranova, and Lidia Malygina.The basis of the practical part of the article was the analysis of examples from the Internet dictionary SlovoDna, aimed at comparing language game techniques with their direct implementation in the modern Russian language.Current work uses methods such as introspection and reconstruction of the internal form of wordplay and their word-forming analysis. As a result of the research, nonce words are singled out into several subgroups based on the method of formation (reception); the main functions of the word-formation language game implemented by the authors of the Internet dictionary while creating words are determined; conclusions about the linguistic experiments of SlovoDna are made.

ОБУЧЕНИЕ КАК ВАРИАТИВНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ БУДУЩИХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПАХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

In the social sphere of modern Russia against the background of rapid transformation socio-economic and political processes, the phenomenon of professional socialisation has become an urgent social problem. Society's expectations from education as a key component of the social sphere are largely related to the capabilities and readiness of higher education to find the most effective ways to solve the problems of training and professional socialisation of social sphere specialists. The purpose of the article is to focus the attention of subjects of professional socialisation and scientific and pedagogical community on the necessity to comprehend the role of one of the variable components of professional socialisation of future social sphere specialists in different types of higher education institutions, namely the form of organisation of the pedagogical process - training, which determines the content of professional socialisation of future social sphere specialists. The materials presented in the article significantly expand the subject field of humanitarian knowledge and are a stimulus to conceptual understanding of the problems of professional socialisation of a person. The article is addressed to specialists, professionally interested in solving actual problems of professional socialisation, as well as adjuncts, cadets, listeners, teachers of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, teachers and students of educational institutions of psychological, pedagogical and confession-oriented profiles

Современные перспективные тренды профессиональной подготовки сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы в условиях цифровизации образования

The article examines the current promising trends in the professional training of employees of the penitentiary system. The conducted express review of modern aspects of professional training of employees of the penal enforcement system allows us to identify the following trends: the use of distance learning technologies, along with traditional training, and a competent combined version of their use and "necessary castling" in the textbook of academic disciplines; regular interactive interaction of subjects of the educational process through an electronic information and educational environment; the use of multimedia technologies as additional learning tools in modern education; additional classes with students on digital hygiene in interaction with various information systems and software products; the use of electronic textbooks, audio-visual aids and interactive courses as alternatives to traditional textbooks, teaching aids in printed form; the use of webinars as an effective form of interactive classes with students; the possibility of developing cognitive processes (attention, memory, thinking, etc.) in students through the use of intelligence simulators - on the example of professional training of psychologists of law enforcement agencies; personalized training. The relevance and discussion of relatively new concepts in modern education, psychology and pedagogy, which are designated as "digital engagement" and "digital professionalism", is noted. Today, the digital transformation of scientific and educational activities sets guidelines for the key areas of development of modern Russian education, taking into account the values for both students (students, cadets, employees of the penal correction system) and the state as a whole.

Linguistics and ideology in the Primer book of V. G. Goretsky and his colleagues

The article discusses the primer book (Bukvar), which was created in the USSR in 1969 and has been used as a permanent school textbook since 1982. It is still being used in modern Russian schools. The textbook is based on a modified sound analytic-synthetic method of teaching reading. Numerous reprints of the primer allow analyzing the changes in the linguistic component of the methods of teaching schoolchildren to read, as well as examining the evolution of the ideological aspect of this book.

Factors of military Keynesianism in modern economic policy in Russia

Historical aspects, general economic logic and theoretical discussions around military Keynesianism as a policy of stimulating the economy through increased government allocations for defense items are considered. A brief overview of empirical studies on the economic results of military spending is presented. In relation to the period 2022—2024 in the Russian economy, the size of the fiscal impulse due to defense budget items, its positive and negative effects are analyzed. The secondary nature and low controllability of economic effects of defense policy are emphasized. Among the factors hindering the success of military Keynesianism in modern Russia, limited spare capacity and labor are noted, which generate inflationary consequences, as well as the contradiction between tightening monetary conditions and continued fiscal stimulus. The conclusion is made about the predominance and possible aggravation of negative consequences of the expansion of financing through military spending

Economic system of developed socialism: Experience and lessons

The paper deals with the analysis of economic performance and economic policy of the USSR at the stage of “developed socialism”, fundamentals and characteristics of the Soviet economic model and mechanisms of its emerging crisis. Special attention is paid to the developed socialism phenomenon of Dutch disease and its influence on economic and political trends. Analysis has been done through the prism of the experience of the last 50 years of Russian economic development. Conclusions are drawn about the lessons learned by modern Russia from the experience of the 1970s.

МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ

One of the determining conditions for competitive domestic agricultural production in foreign markets is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. However, despite the significance of the problem, over the past two decades, a stable trend of reduction in the number of employees in agricultural organizations in Russia has developed for all types of agricultural machinery. The highest rates of reduction in agricultural machinery were observed until 2010, and in subsequent periods the downward trend has significantly decreased. At the same time, it is not entirely correct to assess the current situation unambiguously, since the reduction in the fleet of machinery and equipment in agricultural organizations is due to certain objective circumstances and conditions: the area of cultivated land and cultivation of specific crops has decreased; the number of animals has decreased; the technical means used have become more energy-intensive and productive, which is especially important in the context of a shortage of personnel in rural areas. In 2018-2022 the production of domestic agricultural machinery in value terms increased by almost 2.5 times, while in physical terms the changes are insignificant. At the same time, domestic mechanical engineering practically does not produce machinery and equipment for pig farming, poultry farming, milk processing, potato harvesters, beet harvesting equipment, equipment for gardening, vegetable growing. As a result of the outstripping rate of disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment over the rate of their production and replenishment, the energy capacity of the industry is declining. The sanctions imposed on the Russian economy have led to increased risks of non-receipt of critical components and spare parts; disruption of stable logistics and distribution chains that have functioned for a long time, their rise in price; revision of contract terms, failure to meet delivery deadlines. Sanctions against the use of foreign high technologies used in precision farming, genetics, selection, enterprise management, etc. have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Methodological design difficulties spiritual and moral education in modern mathematics education in Russia

Introduction. Comprehension of the methodology of mathematics education from the position of the modern view of education becomes especially demanded, as Russia is currently facing the task of preserving traditional spiritual and moral values. The purpose of this study: to identify and reveal methodological difficulties and errors of designing spiritual and moral education in modern mathematics education, as well as to propose ways to eliminate them. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific ideas of Russian and foreign scientists, allowed to identify differences in the definition of the scope of the category «spiritual and moral values». The study was conducted by the authors for five years (2018- 2023). More than 100 people took part in the experimental work, including students of Bunin Yelets State University, mathematics teachers of higher educational institutions of Voronezh, Elets, Moscow, Orel and other cities of Russia. Results. On the basis of system analysis and experimental work, the reasons for the difficulties in designing education (specifics of the subject of mathematics, differences in the understanding of spiritual and moral values in different civilizations, etc.) were revealed. The greatest divergence of opinions was recorded in the evaluation of the experience of moral education in the Soviet school (46% of respondents were in favor and 48% were against borrowing this experience). At the same time, 82% of respondents agree with the need to form spiritual and moral qualities in schoolchildren in the process of teaching mathematics. Discussion of results and conclusion. Designing spiritual and moral education at present involves a number of methodological errors and difficulties inherited from the Soviet past. The Soviet experience of moral education in the process of teaching mathematics does not meet the requirements of modern Russia, the European experience contradicts national traditions, and the experience of Eastern countries with communitarian consciousness only partially meets the principles of Christian ethics. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a conceptual model of designing spiritual and moral education, which includes three levels (education of a good person, education of a good citizen, education of a Christian) and allows to partially eliminate the identified methodological difficulties.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЮ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ И ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЙ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА)

In the modern Russian socio-economic system, there is an objective increase in uncertainty and turbulence, which requires adequate management responses. In connection with the sanctions pressure, in agriculture the strategy of reducing the risks of import dependence is becoming a stimulating factor for development. The study was conducted on the example of grain production development, which has some specifics from the standpoint of management and, in particular, risk management. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to risk management in an uncertain and turbulent external environment and to develop on this basis a risk distribution scheme between management entities in the risk management system adapted to the specifics of grain production. It is shown that the increase in the values of economic indicators of grain production is influenced by natural and climatic conditions, they determine the quality of grain products, costs and the complex of applied agrotechnological measures. In addition to the observed "standard" variability of natural and climatic conditions, the study also identifies extreme risk events that require forecasting and consideration when managing grain production. Also, risks in the considered sphere are caused by diversity and interdependence of such factors as natural and climatic, soil, technological, economic, social, legal, etc. In their mutual interweaving, these factors determine annual fluctuations of economic indicators (yield, gross harvest, sown area) in grain production in Russia. As a result of the study, it was established that risk management procedures in the sphere of grain production should be carried out according to the hierarchical principle with the allocation of at least two levels: the coordinating level - the executive level. Based on this idea, an industry structural and functional model of risk management at various levels of decision-making has been developed. This model has the property of dualism: some levels are simultaneously coordinating, offering strategic solutions to lower levels, and executive - for higher structures. Implementation of the developed model in the practice of risk management in grain production will increase its sustainability and predictability.

Social solidarity of students: university practices and fashioning tools

The problem of the research. Integration and consolidation are needed in modern society. Of particular importance is the maintenance of solidaristic practices, the "education" of which should be carried out by the educational system in general and higher education institutions in particular. Today it is important to understand what tools the Russian university system has for the formation of solidaristic thought and action. In this regard, it is important to rethink the experience of the Soviet era, when solidarity education was part of the ideological system. The aim of the article is to identify the most effective tools and methodologies for fostering solidarity consciousness among students at Russian universities, with due consideration of both national and global experience. Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis was employed to examine Russian and global scientific literature on the nature and evolution of social solidarity among young people and students, its underlying principles and manifestations. The system approach and the principle of additionality were employed to comprehend the instruments and practices of social solidarity formation in higher education institutions. The position of an "internal observer" integrated within the university system was augmented and refined by the research position of an "external observer", enabling a comprehensive examination of the university system. Results. The system of Russian higher education in modern conditions continues to be the most important actor of socialization of the young generation, designed to instill in them one of the basic values – the value of social solidarity. The educational subjects within the social and humanitarian block, which form part of the overall educational process, have the potential to facilitate the formation of social solidarity. In order to fully grasp this concept, it is necessary to apply it to the ongoing process of updating the aforementioned disciplines, which are designed to create a uniform set of content and teaching methods. This will help to foster a holistic worldview in young people, equipping them to engage with the world around them in an informed and empathetic manner. The process of fostering solidarity thinking and action cannot be reduced solely to the educational process, the improvement of the curriculum and the set of disciplines. The trinity of educational, educational and scientific processes is capable of forming social solidarity among modern Russian students. Conclusion. It is challenging to envisage Russian society without the pivotal role of higher education, which is tasked with actively shaping the value priorities of young people. In light of the crucial mission of socialization carried out by higher education institutions, which includes the formation of fundamental values and the promotion of solidarity practices among student youth, it is evident that the influence of higher education on the younger generation of Russian citizens is significant.

Subordinate conjunctions in illocutionary usage (abstract review)

The subject of the research in this article is subordinate conjunctions in the Russian language, such as "if", "once", "for now", "to" and others that are used in the illocutionary function. The peculiarity of these conjunctions is that they establish a relationship between the proposition of one predicative unit and the illocutionary component of the semantics of another predicative unit, transmitting additional meanings related to the target attitude of the utterance and the conditions of its success. In such constructions, one of the valences of the union can be implicitly expressed. This aspect of the use of subordinate unions was noted by T.A. Kolosova in the late 1970s and has since become an object of interest to a number of linguists, including E.V. Paducheva, L.N. Jordanskaya, V.Z. Sannikov and O.E. Pekelis. The present study is aimed at identifying the features of the illocutionary function of subordinate unions, as well as systematization and generalization of existing scientific data on this topic. The research uses methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive and interpretative methods, as well as system analysis, which allows us to identify the communicative and functional features of the studied unions. The novelty of this article lies in the fact that the author contributes to the systematization of knowledge about subordinate unions in their illocutionary function. In contrast to the traditional approach, in which conjunctions are considered primarily as means of communication between propositions, this study emphasizes their ability to influence the perception and interpretation of a statement. The work reveals three main functions of conjunctions in complex constructions: the expression of the illocutionary purpose of the utterance, compliance with the conditions of its success and justification of the speech act performed in the main sentence. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the contribution to the theory of complex sentences, communicative and functional linguistics, the syntax of the Russian language as a whole, as well as in the possibility of using its results in subsequent scientific research on the stated problems and in university courses on the syntax and stylistics of the modern Russian language.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЮ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ И ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЙ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА)

In the modern Russian socio-economic system, there is an objective increase in uncertainty and turbulence, which requires adequate management responses. In connection with the sanctions pressure, in agriculture the strategy of reducing the risks of import dependence is becoming a stimulating factor for development. The study was conducted on the example of grain production development, which has some specifics from the standpoint of management and, in particular, risk management. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to risk management in an uncertain and turbulent external environment and to develop on this basis a risk distribution scheme between management entities in the risk management system adapted to the specifics of grain production. It is shown that the increase in the values of economic indicators of grain production is influenced by natural and climatic conditions, they determine the quality of grain products, costs and the complex of applied agrotechnological measures. In addition to the observed "standard" variability of natural and climatic conditions, the study also identifies extreme risk events that require forecasting and consideration when managing grain production. Also, risks in the considered sphere are caused by diversity and interdependence of such factors as natural and climatic, soil, technological, economic, social, legal, etc. In their mutual interweaving, these factors determine annual fluctuations of economic indicators (yield, gross harvest, sown area) in grain production in Russia. As a result of the study, it was established that risk management procedures in the sphere of grain production should be carried out according to the hierarchical principle with the allocation of at least two levels: the coordinating level - the executive level. Based on this idea, an industry structural and functional model of risk management at various levels of decision-making has been developed. This model has the property of dualism: some levels are simultaneously coordinating, offering strategic solutions to lower levels, and executive - for higher structures. Implementation of the developed model in the practice of risk management in grain production will increase its sustainability and predictability.

The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Global Economy

The most unexpected thing happened just as the globe was beginning to recover from the COVID - 19 pandemic and there was hope for the economy to be rebuilt. The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, was seen by the entire globe. The day of the invasion saw a decline in stock values. Not just the economy of Russia and Ukraine suffered during the initial months of the invasion, many other nations also suffered greatly because of the conflict. Food prices increased dramatically worldwide because of the conflict between these two nations. The cost of food increased as well as there was an increase in the price of crude oil. Thus, resulting in Global inflation. Numerous European nations placed harsh sanctions on Russia to lessen the impact of the conflict. However, this did not create much of an impact since These sanctions had a serious impact on both the European nations and the nations that were not involved in the conflict. This resulted in a serious inflation issue that affected both combatant and noncombatant nations worldwide. This paper focuses on the global economic effect of the Russia and Ukraine war and how the actions of one country can create a serious impact on the globe.

The Climate Agenda as a Long-term Priority for Russia

The importance and urgency of low-carbon development and adaptation to climate change are becoming one of the central trends in long-term environmental strategy of Russia. It is concluded that the changes taking place in Russian legislation are confirming the country’s unchanged course to participate in the global climate agenda and search for new opportunities for economic growth (including sustainable development and the green economy). Proposals have been developed to mitigate threats to the implementation of the green agenda in the Russian economy. In particular, it is proposed to introduce new forms of international cooperation, such as active involvement in the Green Coalition of the New Silk Road, as well as increased participation of business in this and other areas.

Banking risk management at the present stage of the Russian economy development

Banking risk management at the present stage of the Russian economy development