Russian Ministry Research Articles

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CENTER ON MIGRATION ISSUES

Regulation of migration processes is one of the main tasks of the state. The effectiveness of the activities of entities exercising control and oversight functions in the field of migration depends on the competencies assigned to them in this area. The article discusses the issue of creating a Center for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In particular, attention was drawn to the fact that this Center was created within the framework of the powers available to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which entailed a redistribution of functional responsibilities between existing units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the field of migration. In addition, the authors examine the powers, goals, objectives, as well as the place of the Center in question in the system of units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs on migration issues. Particular attention is paid to the distinctive features of its activities. In addition, the article provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts that were amended in connection with the adoption of the Center for Migration Issues

Амбулаторнодополняющие технологии в условиях формирования «Новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь».

Purpose: propose new terminology “outpatient complementary technologies” in the provision of primary health care and justify their use. Materials and methods. Guidance documents, reports, open literary sources, orders, directives of the Russian Ministry of Health were analyzed. Results. The primary link of domestic health care is currently becoming more and more actively developed. The reason for this is the implementation of the tasks of national projects in order to achieve their most important key indicators. The successful implementation of lean manufacturing technologies into the practice of medical organizations providing primary health care within the framework of the “New Model of a Medical Organization Providing Primary Health Care” has shown its effectiveness. Undoubtedly, all this is facilitated by the significant economic growth of our country, accompanied by an annual increase in healthcare funding. In primary care medical organizations, special attention is paid to the organization and quality of preventive measures, as well as the successful conduct of dispensary work. This direction contains such factors as the formation of a healthy lifestyle, assessment of the existing risks of diseases, the presence of which requires timely treatment and observation. The ongoing therapeutic and preventive measures are, of course, aimed at increasing the life expectancy of the population of our country. The modernization of primary healthcare, which began in 2020, is one of the priorities for healthcare development in the coming years. This allows us to improve the accessibility of medical care and smoothly move to a completely new level of quality of medical care, achieving the maximum level of patient satisfaction. Conclusion. The modern development of healthcare in the Russian Federation lies in the most intensive use of all modern, latest medical technologies, in particular, in the provision of primary health care. As part of its development, significant changes are taking place in professional terminology. A thorough study of the possibility of introducing and widespread use of modern, cutting-edge medical technologies in medical organizations providing primary health care allowed us to propose a new, not previously encountered, concept of “outpatient complementary technologies” and justify its existence. A definition of the new terminology with the prerequisites for its emergence is given and prospects for further development are proposed. As part of the project “New model of a medical organization providing primary health care,” the introduction of the use of the concept of “outpatient complementary technologies” is aimed at improving the efficiency of activities and improving the system for organizing the provision of primary health care.

Professional burnout and quality of life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, average medical workers turned out to be the most vulnerable category among medical workers in terms of professional stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in quality of life. Goal. To establish the features of professional burnout and the quality of life of MS in specialized COVID hospitals, multidisciplinary hospitals (MP hospitals), as well as polyclinics (PCs) during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study was performed at the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor V.V. Kosarev of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara City Hospital No. 5. The following MS groups were examined: the first group consisted of nurses working in a COVID hospital (n=29); the second group consisted of nurses working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=31); the third group consisted of nurses working in polyclinics (n=29); The fourth, control group (GC), included employees of engineering, technical and economic specialties that are not related in their field of activity to work in medical organizations (n=190). The assessment of professional burnout syndrome was carried out using the Maslach Burnout professional burnout assessment questionnaire, the V.V. Boyko questionnaire, the quality of life was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. It has been established that the work of MS during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the impact on medical workers of a number of specific risk factors related to the provision of medical care to infected patients, as well as with significant changes in work regarding aspects related to organization, safety, which contribute to an increase in the level of occupational stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in the quality of life. Conclusion. The work of MS in a COVID hospital, when compared with MS in hospitals, nurses working in polyclinics, is associated with an increase in the level of professional stress, the level of professional burnout. It is necessary to continue research on the emotional state of MS in order to timely carry out preventive treatment to preserve the health of this category of medical workers. Limitations of the study. The study has regional (Samara region) and professional (in terms of detailing the working conditions in the studied comparison groups) limitations. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out within the framework of the complex topic of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «A systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention and prediction of the impact of low-intensity industrial factors on the health of workers» (state registration number AAAA18-118122190069-6, date registration on December 21, 2018). The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health on 11/23/2021. Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal «Meditsinskaya sestra (The Nurse)»

The use of biofeedback training in complex therapy of neurotic disorders and correction of negative psychological consequences of combat stress in combatants

The parameters and effectiveness of biofeedback training in the complex treatment of neurotic disorders at the hospital stage and psychological correction at the sanatorium stages of rehabilitation of military personnel were assessed. We examined 40 mentally healthy military personnel who participated in combat operations and 36 military personnel who participated in combat operations and suffered from stress-associated neurotic disorders and who were undergoing inpatient treatment in the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy clinics. In identifying possible negative psychological consequences of combat stress in a group of mentally healthy military personnel, a medical and psychological examination was performed using the military version of the Mississippi scale for assessing post-traumatic reactions, Neurotic Disorders-Symptomatic Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire-12. The military personnel underwent stress testing according to a specially developed scenario using a biofeedback hardware software complex to assess individual changes in physiological parameters in response to emotionally significant stimuli. In the military personnel who participated in combat operations and suffered from neurotic disorders, a medical and psychological examination was performed using the Neurotic Disorders-Symptomatic Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire-12 upon admission to the hospital and on the eve of discharge, and stress testing was conducted upon admission to the hospital. The therapeutic effectiveness of biofeedback training in the treatment of neurotic disorders was evaluated by comparing the results of treatment between two groups of 18 individuals each. One group received only drug therapy, whereas the other group, in addition to drug therapy, underwent biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave. The level of stress-associated psychogenic damage was found to be correlated with the amplitude of the systolic wave according to the digital photoplethysmogram. Moreover, the physiological indicators of the circulatory and respiratory systems, used in foreign studies for psychophysiological training in the treatment of post-stress disorders, were not associated with the level of psychogenic damage, indicating their lack of involvement in pathogenesis and the ineffectiveness of their use. The addition of biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave to the complex therapy of neurotic disorders leveled astheno-neurotic symptoms and improved quality of life. Therefore, when treating astheno-neurotic disorders in military personnel participating in combat operations, it is critical to include biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave; this reduces severity of neurotic symptoms, improves quality of life, and forms preventive skill of conscious control of excessive physiological reactions of combat stress. Furthermore, the correlation between the magnitude of the decrease in the amplitude of the systolic wave and level of mental damage in combatants, revealed during stress testing, indicates the importance of biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave in sanatorium-resort organizations and military clinical hospitals of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel exhibiting negative symptoms and those suffering from psychological consequences of combat stress.

The need for and prospects of developing a modern mobile laboratory complex for equipping sanitary and preventive organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense

Presently, an increasing volume of laboratory tests performed by sanitary and preventive organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense (centers of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision) are carried out directly in the field during various combat training activities and special tasks and the localization and elimination of epidemic foci of infectious diseases in organized military collectives. Thus, non-staff mobile sanitary-epidemiological groups are formed. However, the regular special military equipment—medical field laboratory—used to equip such groups, is outdated and does not provide the basic principles of their autonomous functioning (mobility, autonomy, multidisciplinarity, high manufacturability, zoning of workplaces, compliance with biological safety requirements). Hence, the need for and prospects of developing a new automotive laboratory complex for equipping sanitary and prophylactic organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense are investigated. This study analyzes the experience of military sanitary-preventive organizations for the period 2011–2021. The tactical and technical characteristics of the staff laboratory of the medical field laboratory of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision centers of the Russian Ministry of Defense are compared with available analogues, including those in the institutions of other ministries and departments. As the number of long visits of military sanitary specialists and preventive organizations significantly increases to the extent of providing temporary accommodation for military units to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the personnel, the need for laboratory research in isolation from the network of stationary laboratories to objectify the activities of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and ensure the anti-epidemic protection of troops also significantly increases. Moreover, the drawbacks of the standard medical field laboratory and its analogues and hence their limited use in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense in existing configurations were identified. The obtained results enabled reasoning for the need for a new automotive laboratory complex for equipping sanitary and preventive organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense considering the successful solutions in laboratory complexes of other ministries and departments.

Reconstructive plastic surgery in combined treatment of breast cancer: Predictive risk factors of complications and reconstruction failure.

e12594 Background: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy must consider potential complications from surgical techniques as well as additional complications of oncologic treatment such as radiation or systemic therapy. But the consensus is lacking regarding the optimal reconstruction plan for patients requiring adjuvant radiation therapy. Objective: To determine the impact of risk factors on the development complications of breast reconstruction for postmastectomy radiotherapy. Methods: This study included patients diagnosed with breast cancer who received combination treatment from 2016 to 2021 at the FSBI “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Russian Ministry of Health. The patients were divided into 3 groups: immediate reconstruction (158 people), immediate-delayed (210 people) and delayed (98 people). Results: Every fourth patient (24.0%, 112/466) may encounter a complication after mastectomy with reconstruction and adjuvant radiation therapy. According to the analyzed data, there was no correlation between potential risk factors depending on the general status of patients (age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of smoking) and the occurrence of complications after combination treatment. Conclusions: The analysis of complications and reconstructive failures showed that immediate breast reconstruction at the FSBI "N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia is the safest method of reconstruction in the combined treatment of breast cancer with the lowest incidence of severe complications (9.5%, 15/158, z>1.96), which plays a key role in the development of reconstructive failures (Pearson Correlation=0.861, p<0.001). However, these surgeries are associated with a significant number of capsular contractures (15.2%, 24/158, z>1.96, Pearson Correlation=0.230, p<0.001), which requires finding ways to minimize these risks to optimize treatment in each individual case in short and long term results.

Состояние, структура и динамика коррупционной преступности в системе МЧС России

This article explores the modern status, structure, and dynamics of corruption crime within the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM). According to the results of the study for 2021–2023, there is a decrease in the number of corruption crimes detected by law enforcement agencies in the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. Corruption crimes within the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia do not exhibit the sophistication typically associated with organized criminal activities. Rather, they often involve opportunistic behavior by officials entrusted with control and supervisory functions within the EMERCOM. One of the primary challenges in addressing corruption within EMERCOM is the high latency of such offenses. The study concludes that corruption-related offenses within the Ministry exhibit high latency, rendering them challenging to detect and prosecute due to a dearth of explicit evidence or corroborating testimony. Statistical analysis and research results reveal bribery as the most prevalent crime perpetrated by EMERCOM personnel in this domain.

Illegal Activities of Cartel Organizations in the Field of Public Procurement as a New Object of Statistical Study

The sphere of public procurement and the disbursement of budget funds in all countries is an environment that attracts not only respectable entrepreneurs who want to make guaranteed money, but also various “criminal white-collar elements.” According to various estimates, the volume of financing for public procurement in the Russian Federation occupies up to one third of the total GDP. A large number of labor and financial resources are involved in this area, while regularly changing legislation in this area, as well as the complexity of procurement procedures for different categories of goods, works, and services create favorable conditions and allow unscrupulous bidders, as well as corrupt customer representatives, to obtain unjustified profits and illegal remuneration. In the current situation, the introduction of new control measures becomes vital to ensure fair competition and efficient use of budget funds. That is why additional research and measures aimed at eliminating these problems and the preconditions for their occurrence are an integral part of ensuring the effectiveness of the public procurement system and protecting public interests.Purpose of the research is to study the genesis of cartel agreements in public procurement and their impact on the implementation of national projects in the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of cartel agreements on the presence of healthy competition and the efficiency of spending budget funds. As part of the paper, the state of crime in this area was examined; the signs of cartel agreements, methods for identifying cartels, as well as signs of collusion between the customer and the participant in public procurement were identified.Methods and materials. The author in his paper applies a comprehensive methodological approach, including analysis of statistical data, methods of the general theory of statistics, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the current legal regulation in the field of public procurement. Graphical and tabular methods were used to visualize statistical data. The study is based on data provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court.Results of the study. The paper made a quantitative assessment of the scope of public procurement in recent years, and assessed the work carried out by law enforcement officials and the antimonopoly service. Typical violations of antimonopoly legislation during public procurement are given and methods for identifying them are proposed. The illegal schemes used by cartel participants in electronic trading are analyzed, as well as problematic issues and ways to resolve them that arise in practice. The paper proposes various approaches to increasing the efficiency of law enforcement and control agencies. An analysis of law enforcement practice revealed problems associated with proving crimes in this area, and noted an insufficient level of interaction between law enforcement agencies and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. In the study, the author analyzed the main features of cartels, proposed methods for identifying them, as well as ways to improve the verification activities carried out. The presented measures do not exhaust the topic of the study, and to effectively combat cartels, a systematic approach is recommended, including not only improving the quality of work of law enforcement and control agencies, but also improving the software and hardware used in carrying out inspections. Cartels in public procurement are a relatively new phenomenon for Russia; statistical data obtained from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicate that law enforcement and control authorities are just beginning their work to counter the criminal behavior of participants in cartel agreements. Only the fruitful joint work of law enforcement and control agencies will ensure the economic security of the state and protect the national interests of the Russian Federation.

“Outrageous” Diplomacy: Investigating the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Twitter

ABSTRACT Diplomacy is traditionally associated with politeness and civility. As a fundamental element of international relations, diplomacy is rooted in professional skills and codified practices. By moving diplomacy to online platforms, diplomatic statements have been accelerated, sometimes resulting in aggressiveness. The purpose of this paper is to identify outrage in diplomatic communication. Outrage can be defined as uncivil expressions evoking emotion in the audience. This concept is examined based on the tweets produced by the Russian Foreign Ministry account between 1 December 2021, and 24 April 2022 (total: 2485 tweets). Based on the framework proposed by Berry, Jeffrey M., and Sara Sobieraj (2014. The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and The New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press), qualitative analysis identifies 370 outrageous tweets. Frame analysis shows how outrage acts as a narrative tool for activating (self-)representational devices. Moreover, outrage influences the diplomatic tone, international actors’ characterisation, and international institutions’ delegitimization.

Following Your Own Course. Development of the Russian Sustainable Development Reporting Standard and its Prospects

At present, there are several initiatives in Russia aimed at organizing, stimulating, and developing the concept of sustainable development. The principal approach is the domestically developed Standard for Sustainable Development Reporting (a draft of which the editorial board got access to), which is being created at the request of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. Positive Changes Journal has compiled an in-depth analysis of this document, encompassing the perspectives of all interested parties. Being unaffiliated with any of these groups, yet possessing all necessary information, we can afford to examine the situation from an objective standpoint, analyze it, and propose pertinent contributions to the standard in development.

Медико-демографические показатели населения села старше трудоспособного возраста в Республике Татарстан.

Demographic aging of the population is especially pronounced in rural areas and has regional differences. Purpose of the study: based on the analysis of medical and demographic indicators of mortality and morbidity of the rural population over working age in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), to develop proposals for the health of rural residents. Methods and materials: analytical, statistical, Rosstat data and statistical materials from the Federal State Budgetary Institution “TsNIIOIZ” of the Russian Ministry of Health (2019–2022). Results. During the years of pension reform (2019–2023), the number of rural population in the Republic of Tatarstan increased slightly – from 922,3 to 930,3 thousand (0,9%), while the share of the rural population over working age decreased from 28,6 up to 27,5% (in the Russian Federation the figure is lower – 25,5%). The mortality rates of the rural population in the Republic of Tatarstan were significantly higher for all years of analysis: in 2013 they were 15,5‰ for the rural population, 11,0 for the urban population. During the years of COVID‑19, mortality rates increased and amounted to 18,9‰ for the rural population in 2021, 14,4‰ for the urban population, and decreased in 2022 and amounted to 14.1 and 10,3‰, respectively. The primary morbidity rate of the rural population in the Russian Federation (2022) was 64755,2 per 100 thousand rural population, in the Republic of Tatarstan it was lower – 52598,4‰îî. There is a large difference in the indicators in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation – 13,6 times. The newly identified morbidity in the rural population over working age in the Republic of Tatarstan is lower than 48996,2‰îî than in the entire rural population 52598,4‰îî, while the older population has the highest rates of primary morbidity due to diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the bones, muscular system and connective tissue, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the nervous system, neoplasms, etc. In this age group, the incidence of COVID‑19 is higher. The results of the study should be taken into account for the development of management decisions at the regional level, as well as when implementing programs for rehabilitation and medical examination of older patients.

Diplomacy for All Times: On the 90th Anniversary of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Diplomacy for All Times: On the 90th Anniversary of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Рейтинги как составляющая государственной политики по повышению конкурентоспособности вузов России

The work is devoted to ratings as components of state policy to increase the competitiveness of Russian universities. It is noted that in recent years ratings have become the most important instrument of public policy in Russia. The results of rating studies are used to regulate many socio-economic processes, including the development of regions and organizations. This is due to the fact that ratings help analyze the process based on the use of a large number of indicators, as well as manage this process. As a tool for regulating the development of higher education, rankings have been actively used in Russia since 2012, when the practical implementation of a program to increase the competitiveness of leading Russian universities among world research and educational centers began. However, focusing on the indicators of international rankings, which do not take into account the peculiarities of the organization of science and higher education in Russia, along with positive results, also had a negative impact on a number of processes in the development of higher education. University rankings developed in Russia, for example, the Moscow International University Ranking “Three University Missions,” contain indicators that take into account the quality of education, the volume of scientific research performed, and the participation of universities in the life of local communities. As a result, it was noted that the experience of developing university rankings in Russia can form the basis for the formation of a national ranking of universities. The effectiveness of the national ranking of universities, as an instrument of state policy of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science, will depend on what indicators are included in the ranking. To determine the most effective indicators, it is necessary to assess the regulatory impact for each indicator, calculate the effects and risks of using indicators that evaluate Russian universities.

Gunshot wound of the neck with a fragment localized in close proximity to the initial p art of the esophagus with development of paraesophageal abscess. surgical tactics

One of the features of the special military operation is the prevalence of fragment wounds with predominant damage to unprotected parts of the body. Wounds and injuries to the neck constitute no more than 4 %; however, with these injuries, irreversible losses amount to up to 13 %. The article describes a clinical case of a patient with a blind gunshot fragment wound to the neck, who was admitted to the surgical (thoracic) department of the 1469 Naval Clinical Hospital of the Russian Ministry of Defense 21 days later. The fragment, located behind the pharyngoesophageal junction in the projection of Killian's triangle, led to the development of an abscess and threatened perforation of the esophagus with subsequent development of mediastinitis. In addition, the article on surgical tactics justifies the access and describes in detail the technical methods of surgical inter vention.

Indicators of health groups of pupils of general education organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense (2010–2022)

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are 33 educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense in Russia with a total staff of about 18 thousand students studying around the clock
 AIM: to assess the dynamics of the health status of students in educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Defense for 12 years from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 academic year.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied reports on Form 13К/МЕД, prepared by employees of educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, and calculated the dynamics of the level of assessments of the health status of students. The article presents arithmetic averages and their errors; the development of health groups was assessed using time series analysis, for which a second-order polynomial series was used.
 RESULTS: In general educational institutions, there were 25.3 ± 0.9% of pupils with health group I, 60.7 ± 0.6% with group II, and 14.0 ± 1.2% with group III. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the number of pupils with health groups I and II and decrease with group III. These results indicated a properly organized educational process and optimization of medical support for students. The most positive dynamics of health status were observed in pupils aged 10–12 years, less pronounced — in pupils aged 16–18 years.
 CONCLUSIONS: In some educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense during the period studied, there were not entirely favorable trends in the organization of medical support for students, which aims at more personalized work with students.

Features of organizing the provision of emergency medical care on-site in the city of Saint Petersburg

Special attention is paid to the development of primary health care and emergency medical care in our country, since timely prevention of the development of diseases and early provision of medical care to citizens is a priority task facing the domestic healthcare system. National projects and programs in healthcare are aimed at improving the provision of medical care, preventing diseases and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Providing emergency medical care is undoubtedly associated with all types of medical care and is an effective factor. Timely provision of emergency medical care contributes to a favorable outcome for each patient. That is why the need to analyze the experience of organizing the provision of emergency medical care on-site in a medical organization providing primary health care is of utmost importance. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization of emergency medical care on-site in the city of St. Petersburg and identify its features. The research materials included analyzed orders of the Russian Ministry of Health, orders of the Health Committee of the city of St. Petersburg, open literary sources, medical documentation of the emergency department of a medical organization providing primary health care. As a result of the analysis and based on the data obtained, proposals were developed to improve the organization of emergency medical care on-site in the city of St. Petersburg, taking into account the existing shortcomings.

Bispecific monoclonal antibody blinatumomab in the first-line therapy of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: interim results of the Russian Ministry of Health approbation protocol

Bispecific monoclonal antibody blinatumomab in the first-line therapy of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: interim results of the Russian Ministry of Health approbation protocol

Clinical and hematological characteristics of complicated and intact otitis media

Purpose: to evaluate clinical and hematological features and identify patterns in hematological indices in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of otitis media.
 Materials and methods: The study included 30 patients with otitis media aged from 18 to 70 years: 24 patients (80%) had an uncomplicated course, 6 (20%) had a complicated course (cholesteatomas, mastoiditis). The diagnosis was established taking into account the clinical recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Health (2022) on the basis of a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, otoscopy, and audiological studies.
 Clinical, anamnestic and statistical methods were used. Calculation of hematological indices was carried out using a computer program. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 package. The critical level of statistical significance when testing scientific hypotheses was p 0.05.
 Results and conclusions. In the group of patients with complicated otitis media, a more vivid clinical picture and more pronounced changes in hematological parameters were observed. Noteworthy are the features of disturbances in the state of immune homeostasis: with complicated otitis, the ISLE indicator increased 3 times more often, which indicates the predominance of an immediate type reaction in the development of complications. The macrophage system index (MSI) was changed in uncomplicated otitis compared to complicated patients, which indicates a violation of cellular phagocytic protection in otitis media. In all cases, a violation of the effector and affector links of immunity (IAM) was revealed, with a predominance of the effector pathway. In 80% of cases of otitis, disturbances in the interaction of humoral and cellular immunity (LI) were observed.
 The multidirectionality of the results obtained requires their further study in order to develop an algorithm for personalized diagnosis of patients with otitis media.

On developing language subcompetence in cadets of educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs: Foreign language learning

The development of foreign language professional communicative competence is based on improving the students’ language subcompetence since only with the automated language skills it is possible to move on to the types of speech activity with the concomitant development of communication skills. Given the variety of forms of organizing students’ educational activities, aimed at mastering their lexical and grammatical skills in the formulation of utterances, it is important to solve the problem of a systematic approach to the implementation of tasks. In this regard, the main goal of the article is to develop a consistent model for improving the lexical and grammatical skills in cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia based on a specific type of the task. To this end, the article elicits the possibilities of developing a series of tasks in the format of lexical and grammatical transformations to improve language subcompetence as a constitutive part of foreign language professional communicative competence.The proposed system of tasks for improving lexical and grammatical skills is built on the principle of growing complication: from one-component grammatical transformations, which are aimed at practising one specific skill on the studied lexical material without restrictions of thematic repertoire, to multicomponent lexical grammatical transformations.The range of tasks includes grammatical transformations of the active voice patterns into the passive voice ones, the use of modal verbs and their equivalents to convey the given modal meanings with attention to the use of infinitive forms, the reconstruction of syndetic conditionals into asyndetic ones, the transformation of compound sentences into sentences complicated by predicative constructions and vice versa.Within the framework of the lexical skills development, we illustrate the transformations requiring the use of synonyms or synonymous phrases, antonyms (taking into account phrasal verbs, which represent a separate lexical group), as well as substitutions, taking into account the collocation properties of lexemes and different degrees of idiomaticity inherent in complex nominative units.Consistent and regular use of transformations is one of the effective ways to form a mechanism of equivalent substitutions.

Протекционистская языковая политика в Министерстве обороны Российской федераци

The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.