Russian Materials Research Articles

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТАВСЕЛЕННЫХ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: НЕ НА ПЕРИФЕРИИ МИРОВОГО АВАНГАРДА

This scientific article examines the main trends in the formation and development of metaverses in Russia. The authors reviewed scientific articles and analytical materials of Russian and foreign researchers on the development of the metaverse market in the Russian space, and also provided analytical indicators of the interest of various social groups of the Russian population in metaverses. Businesses in Russia are making efforts to integrate metaverses into their activities as a marketing tool to increase the awareness of their brands among consumers, as well as to develop their own corporate culture among employees. In 20222023, various metaverse ware virtual platforms were created for Russian companies to conduct advertising integrations, festivals, music awards, film screenings and online points of sale. In addition, the state authorities of the Russian Federation at various levels give a positive assessment of the development of this direction and create conditions for its development. The authors have compiled a competitive profile of companies engaged in the development and development of their own metaverses in Russia, and also listed companies that have the potential to create new Russian metaverses for both the consumer segment and the industrial complex.

Theodore Géricault’s Living Picture “Raft of the Medusa” in Scenography: Visual Experience of the Romantic Era

This article demonstrates the connections between visual and the theatrical mise en scène, raises the question of the inclusion of a live painting in the theatrical narrative as a form of interpretation of original painting, and finally presents the diversity of visual experience of the era in which static images coexisted with the moving ones. For the first time Géricault’s painting was animated on stage in 1820, a year after it was exhibited at the Salon (W. T. Moncrieff ’s melodrama “The Wreck of the Medusa, or the Fatal Raft”, London). Then in 1839 audiences saw it in Paris in a drama by Ch. Denoyer at the Théâtre Ambigue Comique and in an opera by F. Flottov to a libretto by the Cognard brothers at the Théâtre Renaissance. Denoisier’s drama proved to be the most suitable for transfer to other stages, and from 1847 to 1876 Géricault’s picture came to life at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, and on other Russian stages until 1914. As far as we know, none of the Russian art and theatre historians have paid attention to the stage embodiment of the famous picture. In the works on the history of Russian theater, Ch. Denoyer’s play is mentioned, but no more than that. On the contrary, foreign researchers of the 19th century art treat with great interest the interaction of painting, theater, and new optical spectacles in a single field of visual experience, including such classics of visual studies as P. Virillo and J. Creri. But neither they nor others have touched the Russian material. The article fills the gap in Russian art history and presents an analysis of the contexts in which the story of the Géricault’s living picture aroused interest; it traces the history of the transfer of Géricault’s painting to the Russian stage basing on archiveal sources.

Работа А. Н. Островского с древнерусскими источниками в двух редакциях драмы «Козьма Захарьич Минин, Сухорук»

The problem of Old Russian sources’ using in historical dramas by A. N. Ostrovsky has been raised many times in literary studies. However, the works devoted to the study of the changes made in the second version of the play “Kozma Zakharyich Minin, Sukhoruk” did not include an analysis of differences in the approach to ancient Russian materials. The article provides the comparative analysis of playwright versions in terms of the use of facts, images, stylistic means dating back to the Russian medieval monuments. The analysis of the texts led to the conclusions that about the reducing the number of historical facts and of direct arrangments of Old Russian texts, therefore, the sequence and the details of the narration decreased in the second version. The monologues of the characters reflecting the religious views of the Middle Ages were removed, so the ideological and psychological motivation of character’s actions became weaker. The love line, nonexistent in the sources, became consistent and complete. The role of some fictional characters associated with the Old Russian tradition has changed. As a result, in the second version the personal destinies of historical and fictional characters came to the fore instead of the epoch-making events of the 17th century. Rearranging of the accents changed the genre of the play: from a “dramatic chronicle” it turned into a historical drama.

Corporate and industrial form of the organization of health care

In recent history, the functions and forms of health care remain insufficiently analyzed, despite the fact that the incentives invested in medicine determine not only the volume and structure of medical care, but also the reasons for its provision, which are becoming wider, and costs are increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the global geopolitical, ideological and economic crisis that emerged in 2022, will require changes in both the structure and economics of the health care system in accordance with its main mission – providing conditions in which people can be healthy.The aim of this article is to analyze the concept of a modern health care system.Materials and methods. Statistical materials of the Russian Research Institute of Health, methods of content analysis, analytical materials of Russian and foreign researchers, including those posted on the Internet, were used.Results. The materials presented in the article allow us to talk about the emergence of a new form of healthcare organization during the life of just one generation of people, where economic incentives are dominant, characteristic of the market and commodity production, the vector of development of which is largely determined by the interests of international financial institutions, clinical corporations, as well as enterprises, manufacturing medical and pharmaceutical products. The expansion of the resource base in this model can occur by attributing epidemic character to certain diseases, as well as by turning social phenomena into medical problems. Therefore, there is always a shortage of resources, and it is not possible to eliminate it without changing the paradigm of the development of the industry and qualified management.Findings. Radical changes in the structure and economics of health care need to be made in line with the industry’s core mission of providing conditions in which people can stay healthy. The basis of these changes is the displacement of market self-regulation and the genesis of a mixed public-private (hybrid) healthcare economy.

RUSSIAN HANDWRITTEN WORKS ON THE “IMMUTABILITY OF THE DESTINIES OF GOD” (THE PLOT OF “MARCO THE RICH”)

The article is devoted to handwritten works of the 17th–19th centuries, in which the global plot known as “Marko the Rich” in Russian materials, is used: a rich man receives a prophecy that his son-in-law and heir will be the son of poor parents; he tries to ruin the boy, but the prediction comes true. The plot was known both in Europe and in the East, it penetrated into Russian literature in the Middle Ages. The focus is on four works: “Example” (Priklad) about the Caesar Conrad and the knight’s son from the “Roman Acts” (Gesta Romanorum), “The Tale of a Rich Merchant,” a short novel without a title from the manuscript codex of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Arkhangelsk collection, S. No. 138), “The Short Novel About the Rich and the Poor, and How God’s Destinies are Immutable” from the manuscripts of the 19th-century Pechora Old Believer scribe I. S. Myandin. The last two works are being examined for the first time. The article examines the composition and plot of the literary works, as a comparative material, folklore tales about Marko the Rich are used. Literary works differ in origin (“Example” is a translated work, the rest are original), in the time of creation, and in plot development. At the same time, they are all religious works that affirm the idea of the dependence of human fate on God’s providence. Genetic connections between the works are not clearly traced, and the appearance of certain motifs in the texts is explained by the influence of folklore tales.

Актуальность оказания первой и медицинской помощи пострадавшим и больным на горнолыжных комплекса

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze causes, level and structure of traumatism and exacerbation of diseases among tourists at ski resorts in Russia and abroad; to consider problems of providing first and medical aid to injured and sick people and of conducting their medical evacuation at ski resorts in Russia. Materials and research methods. Normative and empirical base of the scientific research consisted of analytical materials of Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to traumatism and non-traumatic accidents in tourists, as well as of materials on the organization of first and medical care to the injured and sick at ski resorts. In addition, normative legal acts on rendering first and medical aid to the injured and sick, contained in two departmental orders, were analyzed. Research methods: literary-analytical and statistical methods, method of direct observation. Their use allowed a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, also it allowed to make theoretical generalizations and to formulate conclusions. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study have shown the need for further study of the specific conditions of first aid and medical assistance to injured and sick in the conditions of ski resorts, as well as the need to improve organizational measures to provide injured and sick with first aid and medical evacuation.

India–Russia Relations after Ukraine

India and Russia have enjoyed a strong relationship since the collapse of the Soviet Union, partially as a legacy of the Indo–Soviet partnership during the Cold War. But how will this invasion impact future relations between New Delhi and Moscow? We argue that the war will likely harm this relationship over the long term, although some scenarios might minimize this harm. Western sanctions and Russian material losses in the war will make it difficult for Russia to fulfill Indian arms orders, especially if the sanctions regime remains in place for several years, forcing India to turn to other sources of weapons, including the United States. Its increasing isolation from Europe could also force Russia to move even closer to India’s rival China, making India less secure. There may be opportunities to improve energy ties between India and Russia, but Western sanctions and geographic barriers will limit any energy gains.

Free verse and speech texture

Based on the theories of Yuri Rozhdestvensky, this article considers vers libres a ‘third’ genre: neither prose nor poetry, but a separate artistic form where prose and poetry intersect. As other types of speech, free verse is influenced by the changes in communication technologies. Using representative examples of Russian free verse, the article studies this influence. It traces the correlations between Russian vers libres and oral genres, including proverbs and fables, and between vers libre and written genres, specifically sacred texts: psalms and prayers. It explains the influence of print technology on free verse, shows that prose printed texts can be close to free verse, and explains why scientific texts, even well written, cannot. It demonstrates how Russian verlibrists responded to mass media styles and pressures, highlighting the use of irony. The patterns and regularities observed for the Russian material may be applicable to free verse in other languages, pending further research.

CRANIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FROM THE NECROPOLIS OF THEDERBENT GARRISON OF THE NIZOVYJ KORPUS (1722‒1735)

The article presents the preliminary results of the study of the craniological materials from the cemetery of the Derbent garrison of the Nizovyj korpus. The excavation of the graveyard took place in 2014 We made an analysis of both stan-dard craniological features and generalized parameters of the brain skull, as well as a comparison with the materials of Russian provinces published by V.P. Alekseev.

On the need to increase the use of mobile medicine technologies during infectious pandemic

BACKGROUND: Mobile health units and medical team programs play an important, though underestimated, role in the healthcare system. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic aggravated the problem of insufficient diagnostic and therapeutic medical care provided by mobile health technologies.
 AIM: This study aimed to provide an expert assessment of the prospects for the use of mobile medicine technologies during infectious pandemic in the Russian Federation.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methods of content analysis, information, and analytical materials of Russian and international information agencies, statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of Russia, and summary of the Russian federal statistical observation Information About the Medical Organization were used.
 RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the problems of regional healthcare systems, which were struggling with an unexpectedly serious viral infection in an environment of weak infrastructure. Thus, mobile health units and teams represent an untapped resource for the Russian healthcare system. In Russia, the number of mobile health units is not growing fast enough, and the volume of their medical activities is not increasing significantly. In 2015, Russia had 1,064 mobile medical teams, and the volume of their work amounted to 2.1 million visits or 0.27% of the total number of outpatient visits. In 2019, 1,529 mobile medical teams were already registered, with a volume of 3.9 million visits (105.0 thousand house calls) or 0.51% of the total number of outpatient visits.
 CONCLUSIONS: Mobile clinic programs should be expanded and integrated into the regional healthcare systems and included in emergency preparedness plans to support further development and integration of mobile clinics into the healthcare system.

Традиционные и новые промыслы экостровских саамов при переходе к оседлости в XIX — начале XX вв

The paper reveals the features of traditional and new crafts of the Yokostrov Sami in the 19th and early 20th centuries during transition to settlement. This process coincided with migration of the Yokostrov pogost from the Yokostrov Strait to the bay Belaya Guba of the Lake Imandra. The study is based on materials of Russian and foreign ethnographic and travel essays as well as on archive sources, statistics and toponyms.

The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev. Volume III

The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev. Volume III

The formation of a classification of methods for assessing the financial sustainability of higher education institutions

Aim. The work aimed to form a classification of methods for assessing the financial sustainability of higher education institutions applicable to state (municipal) institutions.Tasks. The work was performed to demonstrate the historical development of methods for assessing the financial sustainability of the organizations under consideration; present the main classifications of these methods, and identify their disadvantages; to characterize the methods for assessing financial sustainability, which can be used by an educational institution of higher education.Methods. For the formation of classifications of methods for assessing financial sustainability, scientific and practical materials of Russian and international researchers and other interested parties (representatives of execution authority, consulting organizations) were used. General scientific research methods are applied, as well as correlation analysis for the purpose of comparative analysis of methods for assessing the financial sustainability of higher education organizations.Results. The technique for assessing financial sustainability has been developed for almost a century. The classifications of this technique formed by various researchers are universal and do not take into account the industry factor, as well as the organizational and legal form, which makes it difficult to use them in relation to certain organizations. As a result, the development of this methodology for the educational organization of higher education is required. The article proposes the author’s classification of methods for assessing the financial sustainability of such an organization, applicable to state (municipal) institutions. Based on the data of 48 higher education institutions with the organizational and legal form of a state institution, a correlation analysis was performed in order to determine the relationship between the methods used to assess financial sustainability, as well as the correctness of the classification created by the author.Conclusions. Methods for assessing the financial sustainability of higher education institutions can be divided according to the number of variables used; the nature of the data required for this assessment; incorporation into larger evaluation techniques. The criteria listed are taken into account in the author’s three-level classification of methods for assessing the financial stability of an educational institution of higher education. The correlation analysis revealed a weak relationship between the evaluation methods included in different groups.

Reading preferences during the pandemic (based on the materials of Russian and English speaking social networks)

Book communication has changed considerably caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and restrictive measures in order to minimize its spread. It has manifested itself in isolation of people from each other, including self-isolation, and the predominance of the online format over alternative ways of activity (mixed and offline format). The article examines interests and motivation of readers during the pandemic period in the book social networks in order to determine the features of readers’ preferences when implementing social reading in the Russian and English Internet environments. To achieve the aim, the following tasks have been set: 1) to find relevant (i. e. with up-to-date information on them and with at least a million users) Russian and English book social networks that provide the opportunity for book communication; 2) tto analyze social reading on the selected networks; 3) to compare the obtained data in accordance with the certain criteria. The book social networks LiveLib and BookMix have been chosen as the material for the analysis of the Russian-language segment of the Internet, and the book social network Goodreads and the LibraryThing web application – to analyze the English part of the Internet. This material has been considered according to the following criteria: 1) genre and themes of books discussed on the online platforms; 2) motivation and expectations of book readers when choosing a certain kind of literature during the period under study. To determine the peculiarities of Russian-speaking and English-speaking readers, discussing books they have read in the Internet, methods of comparative analyses of the data obtained from both Internet segments and their generalization have been used.

Reflection of the Legitimate Interests of the Victim in his Right to Know about the Suspicions and Charges (Based on Russian and Kazakh Materials)

The object of the study is the legitimate interest of the victim and its reflection in the right of the victim to know about the suspicions and charges brought against him in a criminal case. The victim is interested in being informed in a timely manner about procedural decisions that determine the scope of suspicion and accusation, so that they are confirmed. This need of the victim is not sufficiently reflected in the criminal procedure law: they are not informed about the suspicions and charges formulated by the body conducting the criminal procedure. In fact, the victim receives relatively complete information about the charges against them only at the stage of completion of pre-trial proceedings, namely familiarization with the case materials. In this regard, the paper proposes to introduce into the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan the norms fixing the notification of the victim about the date, time and place of the announcement to the suspect of the decision on the qualification of the act, handing him a copy of this decision, a copy of the report on the criminal offense after its approval by the prosecutor. Insufficient awareness of the victim about the quality of the investigation at the stages following the bringing of the accused to trial by the prosecutor creates conditions for setting charges that do not meet the interests of the victim and leads to judicial errors. A change or waiver of charges in court is accepted by the public prosecutor without taking into account the position of the victim. These problems are proposed to be solved by postponing the consideration of the case and issuing by the court an order to the pretrial proceedings to eliminate the gaps in the investigation, and if it is not fulfilled, to make a decision based on the available evidence.

Internet censorship in modern China: tight control and a flexible settlement system

The article considers the features of Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China, the stages of its formation, origins of specifics and modern problems of controlling information in the media. Material addressed the current theme of the CPC's fight against anti-historical research with reference to the new law on the rights and interests of military personnel; at the same time, it gives some examples of soft selective censorship of Internet user messages in China. The cultural origins of the phenomenon of Chinese censorship reveal many aspects related to the assessment of the CCP's policy towards the media by Chinese and foreigners. The work used research materials of Russian and foreign specialists in the field of state censorship in China, current information of Chinese news websites and legislation in the field of information control.

Main Intersections in the Approaches of Russian and Chinese Artists to Chinese Landscapes Painting

The article is devoted to the study of Chinese landscapes painting by Chinese and Russian artists. Comparative analysis of landscape painting by Chinese and Russian artists dedicated to China allows to identify the most important trends and patterns in the methods of landscapes painting in Russia and China of the late XX в - early XXI century. The purpose of this study is to determine the main intersections in the approaches of artists of the two countries. The specificity of the artistic and expressive language of Chinese and Russian landscape artists in the embodiment of landscapes of China is determined primarily by the influence of the modern national school of painting, as well as the desire to develop and update existing traditions, finding inspiration in foreign experience, coming into contact with foreign culture and artistic tradition. The main conclusions of the study are that landscape painting by artists of Russia and China reveals similarities in formal terms: artists of both countries use techniques of both, realistic school and impressionism. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the mechanism of integration of the principles of realism and Western impressionism by Chinese painters is revealed. The author introduces an extensive body of artistic materials of Russian and Chinese painters into Russian science, notes that there are significant differences between the artists of the two countries.

Management lag: can social management keep up with high technologies?

The article is devoted to the social management challenges in the digital age. Much attention is paid to the consequences of the high technologies introduction in society, including the “management lag” phenomenon and the issue, whether a society with “smart” technologists absorbed by the ubiquitous digitalisation processes, has time to manage social processes effectively. The relevance of the issue is also determined by the events related with the shift to remote working for many enterprises in the COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world encountered the organising work challenge using information and communication technologies. The functioning of E-Government platforms as one of the innovations examples in social governance in the world is considered in the article through the prism of government programmes of a number of developed countries and relevant statistical data. The Russian and foreign statistical agencies materials, major organisations electronic databases, keeping high-tech development records: Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Boston Consulting Group, United Nations, World Bank, Russian Government, etc., were used for the analysis. It has been concluded that contemporary high-tech society is forced to look for new, efficient governance methods. The management system must be updated to simultaneously meet the social reality demands and keep up with digital changes. Management decision-making processes in an electronic digital society are in the transformation process, and the high technology implementation isues in society are being debated in the scientific community. The digitalisation speed and scale are faster than cultural and managerial development, which is a threat to social progress.

Investment Casting for Oil and Gas Complex

The article considers an advanced method of ceramic mold and rod forming from liquid mixtures on non-organic bonding materials. Their application allows significantly improving the environmental situation and, at the same time, making molds and rods better in terms of their mechanical properties. In its turn, it results in a more precise geometry of the molds obtained. The developed composition allows applying only Russian materials, lowering the net cost comparing with a conventional business of ceramic mold casting (Shaw process) while providing high technological properties of forms and rods.The authors conducted the analysis of the phase composition of technological materials and provided a rationale for possible import substitution.The experimental part of the research work contains two series of experiments; the first one included the selection of the ceramic mix composition by the amount of gelatinization agent. The second series of experiments studied the impact of vacuum processing on the properties of rods after their curing. The authors present experimental precise molds for the oil and gas complex of the Russian Federation.

РАЗГРАНИЧЕНИЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НЕОЛОГИЗМОВ И ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСКИХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РУССКОМ И ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

The article deals with phraseological expressions in Russian and French that have appeared in recent decades and are of great interest as a vivid example of figurative expressions, actively used in actual speech. Most of them are neolo-gisms and have not been registered in dictionaries yet, so their description is given for the first time. The materials of modern media represent rapid language changes and the main trends in the development of the Russian and French languages, namely: a significant influx of borrowings from the English language, alongside an increasing neologization of vocabulary and phraseology in native Russian and French environments. Phraseological expressions quite fully, though selectively reflect the dynamics of the Russian and French languages development, revealing the most mobile images of the concept nomination – politics, economics, business and sports where expressive speech is especially evi-dent nowadays. Phraseological neologisms are a very interesting phenomenon because when they are created the em-phasis is on «creativity. Any new language unit, in particular a phraseological one, has an idiomatic significance. The analysis considers the meanings of various language units, identifies the features of their use in speech, indicates their origin and the phraseological image underlying the meaning, taking into account the answer to the question of how phraseological units correlate with real practice and how new language units are accumulated and fixed. The phraseo-logical neologisms for the study have been selected from the materials of modern Russian and French media, as well as from dictionaries.