Russian-language Version Research Articles

Using the five-factor questionnaire to study the personality of a specialist-cynologist of the security agencies of the Russian Federation

The article presents the results of using the Russian-language version of the “Big Five” personality questionnaire, in which personality is considered as a structure consisting of 5 factors, including many secondary factors. The subject of the study are psychological characteristics of the personality of dog handlers of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF) at various stages of professionalisation. The author emphasises the relevance of studying and further psychological support of the professional development of dog handlers, with consideration to the fact that specifics of their service and professional activities in order to ensure the security of the country have no analogues and are unique. The results of a focused interview with experienced dog handlers with extensive experience in service cynology have formed the basis for constructing a psychograph for a specialist in the profile in question. Using the “Big Five” methodology, it is possible to identify the characteristic features of cadets studying in the field of training “Animal Science”, profile “Cynology”, and employees of canine services of the law enforcement agencies of the RF. The author correlates the results obtained and notes the correspondence of the psychological qualities of both groups of respondents to the professionally oriented qualities presented in the psychograph of a specialist dog handler of the law enforcement agencies of the RF. The five-factor questionnaire adapted by A.B. Khromov adequately describes the psychological characteristics of an individual and can be used in the study of various aspects of its professional development.

Восприятие родительского отношения и общая академическая успеваемость старшеклассников: российско-кыргызское исследование

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Cross-cultural analysis of the perception of parental attitudes and its influence on the general academic performance of high school students from Russia and Kyrgyzstan. <br><strong>Background. </strong>The characteristics of parental attitudes are closely related not only to the child’s educational success during life in the family, but also to educational achievements in the future. At the same time, the sociocultural specifics of parent-child relationships, through the perception of a growing child, can change the direction and magnitude of such associations. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The characteristics of the relationship between mothers and fathers – emotional acceptance and overprotection – by high school students from two countries differing in socio-economic status are analyzed. A cross-cultural analysis of the structure of associations between the characteristics of the perception of parental attitudes and academic performance is carried out. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>The study analyzed data from 528 students in grades 10–11 from Russia and Kyrgyzstan. Russian sample: 230 people (<em>M</em> = 17,31; <em>SD</em> = 0,7), 58,1% girls. Kyrgyz sample: 298 people (<em>M</em> = 17,21; <em>SD</em> = 0,7), 67,6% girls. <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Russian-language version of the questionnaire “Parental Bonding Instrument” (T.N. Tikhomirova, D.A. Gaysina, S.B. Malykh, 2021). <br><strong>Results. </strong>At high school age, the perception of parental attitude has a culture-specific conditioning, most clearly expressed in the perception of emotional acceptance by the mother and the overprotective attitude of the father. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Given the existence of a universal model of the influence of parental attitudes on the general academic performance of high school students, cross-cultural specificity of functional associations within the model is observed, which is more characteristic of the perception of the attitudes of fathers rather than mothers.</p>

Russian-Language Version of the “Experiences in Close Relationships — Relationship Structures Questionnaire” by R. Fraley, M. Heffernan, A. Vicary, C. Brumbaugh (ECR-RS-Rus)

J. Modern research has proven that an adult possesses a flexible, complex system of attachments. To explore the role of an individual’s attachment to different figures in diverse contexts of his/her life, researchers need reliable and valid instruments designed for this purpose. One of such measures is a questionnaire developed by R. Fraley and colleagues for English-speaking population — “Experience of close relationships — Relationship structures” (ECR-RS). The article presents the results of ECR-RS validation for Russian respondents. The sample comprised 668 students of Moscow, Barnaul and Vladimir universities, aged from 17 to 39 (M = 19.54; SD = 2.33; Md = 19.00), female — 84.7%. The results show that the construct and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Russian-language version of ECR-RS have been proven. Descriptive statistics for the measure are presented. The results of the study suggest that ECR-RS-Rus is an appropriate measure of the quality of attachment to different close people.

Problematyka przekładu gier planszowych na przykładzie tłumaczenia wybranych nazw własnych w grze Everdell na język polski i rosyjski

THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING BOARD GAMES AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE TRANSLATION OF SELECTED PROPER NAMES IN THE GAME EVERDELL INTO POLISH AND RUSSIAN The main aim of this paper is to analyse the Polish and Russian translations of selected proper names from the board game Everdell and its expansions, issued by Starling Games in 2018-2020. The author focuses on the theory of translating (transcreating) board game as a multimodal text and potential translation issues, as well as on the translator’s competences. The analytic part of this work consists of seven selected proper names translated into Polish by Monika Żabicka and into Russian by Daniil Yakovenko, Evgeniia Nekrasova and Stanislav Zagorodnyi: Everdell, Ever Tree, Corrin Evertail, Fynn Nobletail, Poe, Prophet Foresight and Pristine Chapel. The author shows their etymological, historical, and cultural background presented in the source language and then discusses their Polish and Russian equivalents and strategies chosen by the translators. As a result, we can see that the proper names in the Polish version are mostly adapted and relate to the Polish culture and history, whereas in Russian language version most of the proper names are not translated, just transcribed.

The Russian version of the Hip Preservation Surgery Expectations Survey: translation and cross-cultural adaptation

Background. Patients’ preoperative expectations are one of the most significant factors affecting the satisfaction rates after organ-preserving surgeries performed in the hip area. To date, there are no validated Russian-language methods to assess the expectations from hip preservation surgeries. The aim of the study is — to carry out cross-cultural adaptation of the Hip preservation surgery expectations survey, as well as to assess the validity of its Russian version. Methods. In order to preserve validity of the survey, we carried out its cross-cultural adaptation including forward translation, back translation, and pilot testing (pretesting). Validity of the final Russian-language version was assessed by interviewing 40 patients, which underwent hip joint arthroscopy due to femoroacetabular impingement. Results. Cronbach’s α has accounted for 0.945, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) has amounted to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.56-0.93), which corresponds to good correlation and demonstrates retest reliability. The “ceiling” and “floor” effects have not been detected. Conclusions. The Russian version of the Hip preservation surgery expectations survey is a useful and simple tool to assess preoperative expectations of patients with diseases of the hip joint. The survey makes it possible to structure and document the expectations and may be used in clinical practice and scientific studies.

ASSOCIATION OF INTERNET GAMING ADDICTION WITH INDICATORS OF DEPRESSION ON THE HADS SCALE AMONG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

In recent years advances in gaming technology and a significant increase in Internet connection speeds have made online games more attractive and accessible. According to the available literature, excessive involvement in this type of Internet content can lead to stress, depression, anxiety, personal problems and a significant risk of suicidal behavior. Numerous studies have reported high rates of depression among medical students worldwide, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to its formation. Purpose. To establish relationships between indicators of depression, determined by the HADS questionnaire, and Internet gaming addiction among students studying at a medical university. Materials and methods. The survey involved 244 boys and girls studying in the 3rd year of medical university. The presence of Internet gaming addiction, as well as the identification of depressive disorders with an assessment of the degree of their severity, was established using the Russian-language versions of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Results. According to the data obtained, the presence of Internet gaming addiction was identified in 7,4% of the examined students. Among the surveyed male students, this type of Internet addictive behavior was more common (10,6%) compared to female students (6,2%). Indicators of depression of varying severity, determined by the HADS questionnaire, were identified in 16,0% of the examined students. Moreover, among female students the frequency of identified depression was higher (17,4%) compared to male students (12,1%). It was found that more than half of students with depressive disorders (55,6%) suffered from Internet gaming addiction. It was noted that the number of patients with depressive disorders in combination with this type of Internet addictive behavior was higher in comparison with persons without Internet gaming addiction, both among male students (57,1% vs 42,9%), and among girls (54,5% vs 45,5%), respectively. Conclusion. Relationships have been established between indicators of depression, determined by the HADS questionnaire, and Internet gaming addiction among students studying at a medical university.

Study of factors influencing psychosocial and professional characteristics of general practitioners (family doctors): validation of the international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version)

Introduction. Professional activity of physicians is associated with high psychological tension, which leads to the development of emotional and physical burnout. The management of factors of potential impact on psychosocial and indirectly on professional characteristics of medical workers in health policy is an important part of providing quality of the medical care to the population. The purpose of the study. Identification of psychosocial predictors forming burnout syndrome in the professional activity of general practitioners (GPs), family doctors (FDs) with using the psychosocial questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version). Materials and methods. The methods of questionnaire survey, statistical analysis, and generalization of three hundred forty respondents’ answers were applied. The survey was conducted from May to November 2022 using the electronic Russian version of the international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version), available on the website of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. General practitioners (family doctors) of the outpatient and polyclinic level of Moscow health care institutions participated in the survey. Results. Factor analysis of new predictors of psychosocial tension in the work of GPS (FDs), was carried out on a considerable volume of statistical material, which formed a high level of professional burnout — 233.01 ± 82.39 (224.23; 241.80, p = 0.05) points. Research limitations. The study was limited to a representative sample of GPS (FDs) working in healthcare facilities in Moscow within the framework of testing the reliability and construct validity of the full Russian-language version of COPSOQ III (Long version). The results of the study as a whole are not interpolated to the problem area of working conditions of GPs (FDs) in the health care system of the Russian Federation, further research is required. Conclusion. The research has revealed new factors of the development of professional burnout of GPS (FDs) on the basis of their interview with the help of adapted psychosocial international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version).

Validation of the Russian-language version of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaire

Validation of the Russian-language version of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaire

Validation of the russian-language version of the QEESI questionnaire for the assessment of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome

Validation of the russian-language version of the QEESI questionnaire for the assessment of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome

Adaptation of the FIQL Questionnaire for Patients with Anal Incontinence

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL) for the Russian-speaking population.Methods: A cultural and linguistic adaptation of the FIQL questionnaire was performed in accordance with international guidelines. This process included several key steps: professional translation of the questionnaire, back translation, and critical discussion within an interdisciplinary council comprising translators, linguists, psychologists, doctors, and patients. Preliminary testing and reliability assessment were also conducted. The results of the preliminary testing are presented in this article. A total of 26 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for anal incontinence (sphincterolevatoroplasty) between 2016 and 2022 participated in the preliminary testing phase.Results. The result of the cultural adaptation is the Russian language version of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL), which has undergone all the aforementioned stages with corrections and comments in the order of the council of doctor-translator-psychologist-patient. The average time elapsed from the moment of surgery to the survey was 32 months (SD = 20). The average overall score of the questionnaire was 3.2 (SD = 0.62), the average score on the ‘Lifestyle’ scale was 3.3 (SD = 0.74), the average score on the ‘Behaviour, daily worries’ scale was 3.2 (SD = 0.65), the average score on the ‘Depression and self-perception scale was 3.4 (SD = 0.91) and the average score on the ‘Shame’ scale was 3.2 (SD = 0.71). The assessment of the reliability of the questionnaire, as shown by the alpha-Kronbach coefficient, was 0.94, which corresponds to the assessment of ‘very good reliability’.Conclusion. The presented data show that the Russian version of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL) is adapted for use by Russian-speaking patients and specialists, is reliable, and can be used as a primary tool for assessing the quality of life of patients with anal incontinence.

Валидация русскоязычной версии опросника P-QoL и его апробация для оценки влияния пролапса тазовых органов на качество жизни женщин и определения эффективности реконструктивных операций.

Introduction. The prolapse quality-of-life questionnaire (P-QoL) is one of a few standardized questionnaires developed to assess the impact of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients and determine the effectiveness of reconstructive surgery. The lack of a validated Russian-language version of the P-QoL questionnaire limits studies assessing the severity of symptoms and QoL in women with POP before and after reconstructive surgery in Russia. Materials and methods. Assessment of the reliability and validity of the adapted P-QoL questionnaire for Russian-speaking patients. Study participants (n=303) were asked to fill out the P-QoL, PFDI-20, SF-36 questionnaires and a medical and social questionnaire before reconstructive surgery and 2 months after the treatment. Then they underwent gynecological examination using the POP-Quantification System (POP-Q). Results. The language adaptation of the P-QoL questionnaire was carried out and its reliability and validity were established. Indicators of general health perception (p<0.001), role limitations (p=0.001), physical limitations (p=0.004), social limitations (p<0.001) and symptom severity (p<0.001) were significantly higher in women with POP-Q stages 3 and 4 compared to women with POP-Q stage 2. General health perception scores were higher in women with POP-Q stage 4 than with POP-Q stage 3 (p=0.002). Statistically significant differences in sleep/energy scores were found between women with POP-Q stages 2 and 3 (p=0.033). Statistically significant improvement in QoL 2 months after surgery (p < 0.05) indicated that P-QoL is sensitive to change. Conclusion. The adapted P-QoL questionnaire is a reliable tool for determination of the severity of POP symptoms, QoL impairment and assessment of the treatment outcomes.

Russian versions of FADI and FAAM for preoperative and postoperative assessment of the foot function

Introduction Self-administered questionnaire recommended by international orthopaedic community is a practical instrument for use in pathological conditions related to the foot and ankle.The objective was to validate the Russian-language versions of the FADI and FAAM questionnaires to be filled out by orthopaedic patients with forefoot disorders before and after surgical treatment.Material and methods The study included 100 adult patients with forefoot disorders to be surgically treated. The average age of the patients was 52 ± 12.1 years with 97 % being females and 26 % being athletes. The patients completed the FADI and FAAM questionnaires preoperatively and at 2 months after surgery and they were requested to fill out the SF-36 questionnaire and the LEFS scale preoperatively.Results The Cronbach's α value was 0.91 for activities of daily living and 0.94 for sports measured with both questionnaires. The reproducibility of the questionnaires was demonstrated by high ICC values (≥ 0.992) and no changes (ES < 0.01) in stable patients. Satisfactory construct validity was confirmed by significant correlations in activities of daily living and sports activities; criterion validity was confirmed by the dorsiflexion angle in the MCP1 and the daily (p < 0.001) and sports activities (p < 0.05). Convergent validity of the FADI and FAAM was identified with correlations measured with SF-36 and LEFS. Patients with moderate/severe impairment in range of motion had worse functional status scored with the FADI and FAAM as compared with those who had no/mild impairment. A significant improvement was seen postoperatively in non-athletes (p < 0.001). Sports activity significantly improved postoperatively in athletes (p < 0.05).Discussion A limitation of the study includes the sample consisting mostly of patients with one type of orthopaedic pathology (valgus foot). Another limitation is that the majority of patients were females, and the patients were treated in the same health care facility. We can conclude that in the future it would be advisable to test the Russian versions of the FADI and FAAM questionnaires in patients with other foot pathologies and to conduct multicenter studies using these questionnaires.Conclusion The FADI and FAAM scores measured in the Russian population showed greater sensitivity to changes in the foot/ankle joint in individuals who had indications for surgical treatment for a foot condition.

ПЕРЕВОД И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ «ИНСТРУМЕНТА СКРИНИНГА ТРУДНОСТЕЙ С КОРМЛЕНИЕМ/ГЛОТАНИЕМ И НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ ПИТАНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ С ДЕТСКИМ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫМ ПАРАЛИЧОМ (FNST)»

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have feeding and swallowing difficulties, which can lead to malnutrition and low body weight gain and negatively affect growth and development. In order to identify feeding difficulties and malnutrition in children with CP and timely access to specialists, the FNST (Feeding Nutrition Screening Tool) English-language questionnaire has been developed and validated. The purpose of the research was to translate into Russian and carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the FNST screening tool. Methods used: the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire content consisted of seven stages in accordance with the standards of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics Research and Evaluation of Results (ISPOR). Preliminary testing of the pre-final version of the tool was conducted with the participation of 30 parents/caretakers of CP patients and 10 practitioners. The stages of the work were carried out at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Moscow State Linguistic University (all three are located in Moscow, Russia). The pre-final version was adopted with minor changes. Results: the final Russian-language adapted 4-point screening tool represents a short and simple questionnaire to identify feeding disorders and malnutrition in children with CP aged 2 to 19 y/o and to ensure the possibility of timely dietary intervention. The translation of the questionnaire into Russian and its cross-cultural adaptation have preserved functional, structural and operational equivalence. Conclusion: a Russian-language version of the FNST questionnaire has been created and adapted for screening for eating disorders in children with CP, which is the first necessary step for its further official validation and implementation.

Psychometric analysis of the Russian language version of the questionnaire “The Vengeance Scale”: questionnaire of revenge and forgiveness

The phenomenon of revenge is actively studied in psychology, but the tendency to vindictive behavior is difficult to measure, which is confirmed by the small number of methods designed to measure it. The Vengeance Scale was developed as the first measure of vengefulness. The original version of the questionnaire is recognized in foreign psychology and is widely used for scientific and practical purposes. The purpose of this work is to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Russian version of the “The Vengeance Scale” questionnaire. The study involved 317 people aged 18 to 69 years, of which 113 were men (35.6%). Respondents filled out the Russian version of the “The Vengeance Scale” questionnaire and the “BPAQ-24” questionnaire, which measures anger, physical aggression and hostility. As a result of factor analysis, a two-factor structure of the “The Vengeance scale” questionnaire was established, including the factors “vindictiveness” (Cronbach’s α = 0.902) and “forgiveness” (Cronbach’s α = 0.811), and therefore the technique received a modified name “Vengeance and Forgiveness Questionnaire” (WMD). Correlation analysis established significant positive relationships between vindictiveness and physical aggression, hostility and anger. Gender differences were found: in men, “vindictiveness” is more pronounced, in women, “forgiveness” is more pronounced. Psychometric analysis confirmed the reliability-consistency, validity and reliability-stability of the Vengeance and Forgiveness Questionnaire, which allows us to recommend the adaptable methodology as a tool for diagnosing vindictiveness.

Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Scale: a Multicenter Validation Study of the Psychometric Properties of the Approved Russian Version

Assessment of the individual level of consciousness on admission of a patient with brain injury to the intensive care unit (ICU) is a priority task and a mandatory step in the overall assessment of neurological status. The Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) scale, developed at the Mayo Clinic (USA) in 2005, is a widely used tool for comprehensive assessment of patients with altered state of consciousness. The lack of a validated Russian-language version of the FOUR scale has hindered its widespread use in clinical practice. Therefore, the official Russian version of the FOUR scale was developed and adapted for use in Russia after the first stage of the validation study (linguistic and cultural adaptation).Aim. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of patients in altered state of consciousness.Materials and Methods. As part of a prospective multicenter validation study, the psychometric properties of the scale (reliability, validity, and sensitivity) were evaluated in a group of 171 adult patients with altered conscious state of various etiologies, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, neuroinflammatory conditions, and traumatic brain injury. Patients’ responses were assessed on the first day of ICU stay and 2-3 days later by two ICU neurologists with at least three years of experience.Results. High levels of validity and reliability were obtained for the Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients, including Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r=0.99 (P<0.0001), Cohen’s κ=0.77 (P<0.001), Cronbach’s α=0.87 (P<0.0001). Regarding the sensitivity of the FOUR scale, no significant changes were found after comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients on day 1 in the ICU and 2-3 days later (Wilcoxon test, P=0.906). There was a good correlation between the FOUR and Glasgow Coma Scale scores used to assess patients with altered state of consciousness, confirming the validity of the test with r=0.91 (P<0.0001).Conclusion. The Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients is a valid, reliable, and sensitive clinical tool. Sufficiently verified level of psychometric properties allows its authorized use in Russia and other Russian-speaking countries. The scale is available for download via QR code and at the website of the International Scales and Questionnaires Validation Group at the Scientific Center of Neurology.

Адаптация русскоязычной версии «Шкалы осознанного выбора и самосознания» (PCASS - Perceived Choice And Awareness Of Self Scale)

<p style="text-align: justify;">To date, the issue of expanding the arsenal of adapted foreign tools (or creating their own) for assessing the level of self-determination of personality remains quite relevant. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to adaptation on the Russian-language sample of the modern version of the Self-Determination Scale by K. Sheldon and co-authors, in an updated version called the Perceived Choice and Awareness of Self Scale. Methods. The scale was translated with subsequent questioning of 588 respondents (residents of Russia, students of St. Petersburg educational institutions), including 325 women and 263 men (mean age - 20,5 ± 2,39, Mo = 21). Results. When assessing the psychometric properties of the Russian-language version of the adaptable questionnaire, significant results were obtained, indicating the reproducibility of the number and structure of the factors that form the two subscales of the original methodology. Also, psychometric indicators confirm the reliability, internal consistency, structural and constructive validity of the Russian version of the methodology. In addition, according to our study, the questionnaire is characterized by high differentiating ability and diagnostic sensitivity: significant gender differences were found in the Russian-speaking sample in terms of perceived choice and self-awareness. Conclusions. According to the results obtained, the adapted version of the questionnaire has good psychometric characteristics and can be used as a qualitative research tool.</p>

Results from the open-label, single-center, clinical study assessing the efficacy and safety of a group cognitive stimulation therapy in Russian-speaking patients with the moderate dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease

Introduction. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) used worldwide to treat cognitive impairment has recently attracted interest of Russian medical and scientific minds. However, when applied to Russian-speaking patients with dementia, CST requires adaptation. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Russian-language version of CST for Russian-speaking patients with Alzheimer’s disease at the stage of moderate dementia.Materials and мethods. 8 participants involved into the trial were residents of social care center ZILANT diagnosed as dementia patients with Alzheimer’s, aged 76 ± 10.8 years, with the median MMSE score identified 17 ± 5.0. Before implementing the main course of CST developed by E. Spector et al we translated and localized it for Russian patients. The patients undergoing CST were assessed for the state of cognitive functions, everyday activity, mental symptoms, as well as enjoyment and involvement. One of the recruited patients was excluded due to restlessness and anxiety.Results. Seven patients had significantly improved on ADAS-Cog scale (p = 0.002), Lowton&Brody and ADCS-ADL. The NPI scale indicated a reduction in symptoms of delirium and apathy which contributed to a reduction in antipsychotic dosages and a corresponding decrease in caregiver’s distress. The most striking indicator of CST effectiveness was improvements in the patient’s mood and satisfaction, which we view significant in everyday life and as an indicator of CST safety.Conclusion. The Russian-language version of CST proved effective and safe for moderate dementia patients with Alzheimer’s and can be recommended for implementing in clinical practice. This opens up prospects for studying CST as part of various drug strategies in treatment of dementia of various origins.

Северный морской путь на Арктических чтениях в Москве

The paper presents an analytical review of the materials of the Arctic Readings which took place in Moscow in February 2024. The author describes the idea and subject of this international academic forum as well as the contents of the presentations. The discussion of the participants of the Arctic Readings was centred on the book prepared and published by an international team of researchers into the history of the Northeast Passage and Northern Sea Route. The article highlights that the theme of the past and resent exploration of the Arctic and Northern Sea Route as well as the understanding of the historical experience and prospects for their development are strategically important both for Russia and for international relations. It is indicated that the Russian-language version of the discussed publication will be useful for specialists and a wide range of interested readers. A wish is expressed that the Arctic Readings become a good tradition in our country.

Screening for anxiety and depression in the general population: Adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 in Russia

The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is one of the most well-known and widely used instruments for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms.Objective. The aim of this study was to adapt the Russian-language version of the PHQ-4 in the general population.Material and Methods. Data collection was carried out with the help of the service «Anketolog». The participants were 2,000 Russians (1,000 men and 1,000 women) aged 18 to 60 years (M = 38.78; SD = 9.25).Results. The psychometric analysis confirmed the internal reliability and discriminative validity of the adapted questionnaire. The proof of the factor validity of the Russian version of the PHQ-4 was the identification of a two-factor structure describing the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and factor invariance by age, level of education, marital status, parental status, financial status and place of residence. Among the Russians, 44.9% had clinically significant anxiety symptoms and 42.9% had clinically significant depressive symptoms. Russians with anxiety and depressive symptoms more often sought counseling from a psychologist, coach, psychiatrist and neurologist, underwent psychopharmacological treatment in connection with psychological requests, contacted support groups and a psychological help hotline, used online products of automated or semi-automated psychological support, read psychological literature and used psychoactive substances.Conclusion. The psychometric properties of the Russian-language version of the PHQ-4 turned out to be similar to the psychometric characteristics of the original version of the questionnaire, and therefore the adapted questionnaire can be recommended for screening anxiety and depression in the general Russianspeaking population.

Стратегии совладания в контексте самоэффективности российской молодежи в современной геополитической ситуации

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Identification of coping strategies that have a positive effect on Russian youth self-efficacy in the current situation. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The current geopolitical situation is an additional stressor for Russian youth. It can reduce both their self-efficacy and overall psychological well-being. In this regard, it is important for researchers to understand which coping strategies Russian youth use to overcome the current situation, and which of these coping strategies are significant for increasing youth self-efficacy. <br><strong>Study design.</strong> We conducted the study in February-April 2023. Mixed methods were used. During the qualitative stage, we identified the coping strategies used by young people in the current situation. During the quantitative stage, we found the relationship of coping strategies with youth self-efficacy using hierarchical regression. <br><strong>Participants.</strong> 10 respondents (5 men, 5 women; 18-30 years old) took part in the qualitative study, in the quantitative study – 172 respondents. The respondents were aged 18 to 30 (<em>M</em> = 21,58, <em>SD</em> = 2,93) (36,6% men, 63,4% women). <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> Interview guide aimed at identifying coping strategies, Russian-language versions of the R. Schwarzer and M. Yerusalem scale of general self-efficacy, adapted by V. Romek, and V. Janke and G. Erdmann's scale of coping strategies for overcoming difficult life situations, adapted by N. Vodopyanova.<br><strong>Results.</strong> The self-efficacy of Russian youth is positively associated with such coping strategies as “Problem Solving”, “Self-Control”, “Hobby” and negatively with “Problem Avoidance” and “Search for Social Support”.<br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> In modern conditions, Russian youth self-efficacy was predicted only by active coping strategies focused on problem solving, self-control and involvement in interesting and meaningful activities for young people.</p>