Russian Language Culture Research Articles

СПОСОБЫ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЧНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ВРАЧА НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ

The article deals with the formation of communication skills of foreign medical students in the professional sphere of activity. Much attention is given to the formation of ethical communicative behavior skills of a foreign medical student in the Russian language culture environment on the lessons of Russian as foreign. Ethical communicative behavior cannot be realized regardless of sociocultural and individual peculiarities of patients. Moreover, these factors are the key figure of effective doctor-patient communication. Analysis of educational literature in teaching Russian as foreign in the medical activity for foreign medical students shows lack of attention paid to this issue. To ensure ethical communication, foreign medical students should be able to choose lexical and grammatical constructions in Russian with consideration to the communicative aim and the factors mentioned above. The authors endeavour to analyse the main difficulties in the formation of ethical communicative behavior skills of foreign students with consideration to the factors. Different types of tasks aimed at the formation of ethical communicative behavior skills are suggested on the basis of the analysis.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSONOSPHERE SPECIFICS OF F.M. DOSTOEVSKY

This article presents an overview of the works of scientists and critics about the life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky. Fyodor Dostoevsky's personosphere occupies a special place in the Russian national-cultural space; his novels reflect the national reality and convey the national values of Russian people; his characters symbolize the national Russian character. The high frequency of the manifestation of the conceptual category of extremes in various spheres of the individual personosphere of F.M. Dostoevsky is revealed: in the facts of Dostoevsky's biography and their reflection in the writer's works; Russian language culture is reflected in the creative method of F.M. Dostoevsky; in the character and actions of F.M. Dostoevsky's characters as frequent images of the writer's personal personosphere; when describing extreme situations in the life of characters in works of fiction; when reflecting the Russian character, Russian linguistic culture through Dostoevsky's characters (which also confirms that the manifestation of extremes is characteristic of Russian linguistic culture).

Terms and phrases of the coronavirus era as a manifestation of linguoecological processes and their fixation in dictionaries

In the modern Russian language a huge amount of terms and terminological combinations appear, which quickly come into use, but do not remain in our language for a long time. The reason for this phenomenon is that to some extent they are alien, they are a kind of mix, a mixture of languages, they are poorly remembered and understandable, especially for older people. And the appearance of such "temporary" words in dictionaries is also an ambiguous question. On the one hand, they should have time to become common before they are forgotten. This is especially true of the words and expressions of the coronavirus era, since the pandemic is a temporary phenomenon. On the other hand, sometimes it is quite difficult to interpret the terms that have come from other languages and carry a definite linguistic and cultural trail. This paper just examines the issues of global changes in the Russian language culture through the prism of such a scientific approach as linguistic ecology. The authors talk about the changed language situation and try to understand whether it is possible to include newly appeared words of the coronavirus era in dictionaries, taking into account the experience of compiling and describing termins of linguistic ecology.

Адаптация опросника измерения отчуждения от работы для русскоязычной выборки

The relevance of the work is due to the lack of a Russian-language tool that would be designed to measure work alienation and adequate for research in the field of labor psychology. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to adapt and test the Work Alienation Assessment Questionnaire in the context of Russian-language culture. Method. The adaptation sample consisted of 230 employees of socionomic professions at the age of 20 to 27 years. As part of the adaptation of the Work Alienation Assessment Questionnaire (Fragebogen zur arbeitsbezogenen Entfremdung und Aneignung, FAEA) (Aigner etal., 2015), an asymmetric translation was made from German into Russian. As additional methods tocheck the validity of the questionnaire scales, we used the subscale “work” of the subjective alienation questionnaire, the scale of satisfaction of basic needs at work, the work engagement scale. Findings. The questionnaire scales show high reliability and consistency, as well as high retest reliability with a measurement interval of one month. The factor structure is fully consistent with the author’s model. A one-factor structure was obtained for the scale “Alienation and appropriation of work: work in general” and the scale “Alienation and appropriation of work: concrete job”. For the scale “Alienation and assignment of work — satisfaction of needs”, a three-factor structure was confirmed separately for thespheres of work, organization, and relations. Value of results. Checking the competitive, constructive, and criterial validity of the questionnaire scales is confirmed and consistent with the author’s version. The customized questionnaire is a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing work alienation.

Вербальная репрезентация иноязычной культуры в художественном дискурсе

The active development of intercultural relations in the world could not but affect the literature world and artistic discourse in particular. The article examines the current possibilities and potential of artistic discourse as a space for the transmission of a foreign language culture. We have identified the main compo nents that contribute to it: stylistic devices, foreign language inclusions, toponyms and anthroponyms. In addition, the concept of artistic discourse has been studied. To illustrate our position, the original version of the novel by American writer Donna Tartt “The Goldfinch” was considered from the poition of the representation of Russian-language culture in it. It was found that through these means, the author can recreate the generally accepted picture of the desired culture or create their own variation of this culture.

Nominative field of the impoliteness in russian linguoculture

The purpose of this article was to explore the implementation of the IMPOLIDENCE category in Russian language culture and the understanding of IMPOLIDENCE by native Russian speakers. The peculiarities of the implementation of the IMPOLIDENCE category in Russian linguoculture are largely due to socio-cultural phenomena (for example, distance of power). Among other important characteristics of the IMPOLIDENCE category in Russian language culture are: 1) the IMPOLIDENCE category has a broad and easily detectable nominative field, represented mainly by units of synonymic and associative series; 2) the main lexical and phraseological representatives of the IMPOLIDENCE category in Russian language culture are syntagmatic, paradigmatic and thematic members; 3) there are gender-related differences in the perception of the IMPOLIDENCE category for native Russian speakers and this issue requires further development; 4) the category of IMPOLIDENCE in Russian language culture is realized by means of direct, simple and non-offensive statements; 5) one of the most significant components of the IMPOLIDENCE category is the notion of disrespect, represented by abrupt and impudent statements.

Человек как объект этической оценки в русской лингвокультуре

The article is devoted to the study of language units usage related to the axiological concept of “beauty”, using the example of evaluating the properties of character, actions and behavior of people, that are, manifestations of the human inner world. Based on the material of phraseological units, including paremias, the analysis of stereotypical representations of human behavior norms typical for Russian language culture is carried out. The data obtained during the analysis are compared with modern ideas, collected on the basis of units of the Russian National Corpus.

About the Russian language culture in the medical community

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Gender and Theomorphic Signs of the "Earth-Mother" Mythologeme in Russian Linguistic Culture

The research featured the "Earth-Mother" mythologeme within the "Earth" macroconcept structure. Earth-Mother is a well-known mythologeme widely distributed in different cultures. The present study was based on the National Corpus of the Russian Language and employed descriptive and conceptual analyses. The mythologeme proved to be embodied in the language as a whole set of metaphors that implement codes of Russian linguistic culture. They include vital, somatic, anthropomorphic, and theomorphic metaphors. The linguistic concept of Earth appeared to have the following cognitive signs: mother; caring parent; bestowal / benefactor; wet-nurse; parent; wife; mistress; lady; goddess. The theomorphism of the Earth concept was proved by its status as "the wife of God" expressed by the language formula "Mother-Wet-Earth". This name reflects the beliefs of the ancient Mokosh cult. The gender and theomorphic characteristics of the Earth-Mother overlap. As a result, the demiurgic act of creation is described by the metaphor of birth. After the adoption of Christianity, the name of the Virgin Mary began to be used instead of the name of the Mother-Wet-Earth. Moreover, the function of birth as an act of creativity was found to be preserved in the language consciousness of the Russian people. The research identified several clusters of images of the Earth-mother in the modern Russian language culture that can be classified as folklore, mythological, religious, and linguacultural.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ СЛОТА «РОДСТВЕННЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ» ФРЕЙМА «БАБУШКА» В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНЫХ ТЕКСТАХ ЮМОРИСТИЧЕСКИХ ЖАНРОВ

This article is devoted to the analysis of the representation of the slot “family” belonging to the frame “grandmother” in the Russian-language precedent texts of humorous genres. The research proves that some features in the content of the slot are similar to the features of the concept of the same name, which were discovered by the scientists, who studied other sources of the Russian-language culture of different historical eras. The authors come to the conclusion that common features indicate similarity in the grandmother’s image perception by the society, and this concept belongs to the constants of the Russian culture.

The Criteria for Determining “The Native Russian Speaker’s Level” in the Language Testing System for Migrants

The term “native speaker” is now widely used in the world testing practice. It is declared as a particular starting point in the evaluation of language proficiency level in the most widely spread testing systems (TRFL, OPI, SOLOM, STAMP, etc). At the same time, researchers mention ambiguity, vagueness and uncertainty of this concept. There is neither a generally accepted definition, nor reliable methodically grounded criteria for determining this level. It is not clear whether the status of a native speaker is a person’s “biographical” or “competence-based” characteristic. There are no studies devoted to the identification, research and systemization of criteria for determining a “native speaker’s” level of the Russian language proficiency. At the same time, the solution of these problems in the Russian testing practice is both scientifically and practically important. The state system of standards for Russian as a foreign language remains incomplete due to the lack of linguo-didactic description of mastering the Russian language at level 4, which is equivalent to a native speaker of Russian, the bearer of the Russian language culture. There is no reliable basis for assigning the status of a native speaker to people who are entitled to a fast track procedure for obtaining the Russian citizenship according to the Russian legislation. The study of the real discursive activity of native and non-native speakers of Russian and the comparative analysis of their communicative competence, demonstrated by the groups of test takers who were involved in the experiment, allowed the authors to identify the distinctive features of the highest level of the Russian language proficiency and to propose a system of criteria for determining it.

Linguistic Ideologies, Economies, and Technologies in the Language Culture of Contemporary Russia (1987–2008)

In this article I outline a theoretical and methodological framework for pursing a comprehensive study of the dominant issues and trends of Russian language culture from the Perestroika era through the present day. My chief claim is that the general shape, tone, and trajectory of a language culture will change over time and depend largely on the interdependence of three driving forces: language ideologies, economies, and technologies. To illustrate and substantiate this working hypothesis I examine both secondary theoretical sources and concrete case studies from the language culture of contemporary Russia (1987–2008).