Russian European Research Articles

Association of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with the risk of obesity in residents of the Moscow region

Rationale: The contribution of the adiponectin gene polymorphisms (ADIPOQ, located at 3q27) in the residents of Nigeria and China to the risk of overweight and its association with the risk of arterial hypertension in the European population have been demonstrated.Aim: To identify associations between rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with overweight and obesity in the Moscow region residents.Materials and methods: Identification of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene was carried out in 222 people (140 women and 82 men, aged 25 to 65 years) living in the Moscow region. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification with real-time detection of the results on the CFX96 Real-Time System amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA) and using TaqMan probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. To assess an association between these genetic polymorphisms and overweight/obesity, we performed a case control study, with the cases being subjects with body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2, and the controls those with BMI of < 30 kg/m2.Results: The mean frequency of the minor allele G rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was 26.8% and similar in men and women. Comparison of the CC and GG genotypes carriers of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in men showed a statistically significant association of the GG genotype to the BMI value (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between anthropometric indicators (BMI, body fat mass) in the carriers of different rs16861194 polymorphism genotypes of the ADIPOQ. No association between the studied polymorphisms and blood glucose levels and lipid spectrum could be found.Conclusion: The frequency of the minor allele G of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was similar to their rates in the Russian Federation and European countries. In Moscow residents, the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene (G allele) contributes to the risk of obesity in homozygous carriers (genotype GG). No association of the rs16861194 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with the BMI was found; therefore, this polymorphism cannot be considered as a genetic marker of the obesity risk.

Long-term active layer monitoring at CALM sites in the Russian European North

ABSTRACT This paper presents results from long-term active layer monitoring at four CALM sites in the Russian European North. Observational records range from 10 to 24 years in length (1996–2019). The impact of climatic and landscape parameters on active layer thickness has been assessed through linear regression. The temporal dynamics of climatic parameters, responsible for the thaw depth changes, were investigated. The long-term data indicate that the active-layer thickness has increased at all the monitoring sites, in response to changes in both summer and winter climatic parameters. The surface organic layer also serves as a major landscape factor influencing spatial patterns of thaw depth and climate-induced rates of permafrost thawing.

Научная статья: тенденции изменения модели

The article aims to determine the changes in the model of the speech genre of the Russian academic article in the field of humanities over the past 120 years. Methodologically, the analysis is focused mainly on identifying cognitive (logical-structural), pragmalinguistic (identifying the leading speech strategies) and formal (the form, article sections, text volume) characteristics of articles. The research suggests that during the analyzed time period, divided into four parts (1900–1930, 1930–1960, 1960–1990, 1990–2020), this speech genre has acquired the features of a hypergenre due to the fact that the following mandatory elements were included into the model: an Abstract, Information about the author, and Keywords. According to the analysis, one can see a specific trajectory in the formation of a model of a Russian academic article genre, the strengthening of national ways of information presentation and addressing in contrast to the enhancement of formal indicators. The obtained data is confirmed by the analysis of the frequency of speech strategies implementation (analytical, characterizing, modeling, methodological, classifying, reviewing, problem stating, descriptive, informing) and the analysis of the peripheral speech genres included into the article – affiliation (gratitude, appreciation), evaluation (criticism, approval, reproach), reflexive (justification, reference to authority), and prognostic (forecast, recommendation, suggestion) ones. Fluctuation in their frequency reflects internal trends related to historical causes and changes in scientific paradigms. Thus, the results of the research on the academic article speech genre in the field of humanities indicate that the unification of the Russian and Western European (Scopus) models of this speech genre is not inevitable.

Study of Nonlinear Stress-Strain Diagram of Concrete Based on Local Raw Materials in Central Yakutia

This paper presents the study results of the nonlinear stress-strain diagrams of concrete based on the local materials of Central Yakutia. The results of comparing the obtained data with the requirements of normative documents of the Russian Federation, European countries, India and China are presented. The calculation results for bending bearing elements with concrete nonlinear deformation taken into account obtained using the Ansys software are given. The reliability of the calculated data was verified using the proposed diagrams, using the example of the results of a survey of characteristic failures of bending concrete and reinforced concrete elements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Review on:] Teresa Obolevich Semyon Frank, Lev Karsavin and the Eurasians. Moscow, Modest Kolerov Publishing House, 2020 (Studies on the History of Russian Thought, vol. 24.) 304 p.

K. Ermishina’s review of Teresa Obolevich’s Semyon Frank, Lev Karsavin and the Eurasians (Pontifical University of John Paul II, Krakov, 2020) highlights the strengths and shortcomings of Obolevich’s presentation of the figures of the Eurasinist movement. The author of review states that a thorough investigation of Eurasianism should not only be conducted on the basis of personal letters exchanged by members of the movement living in different locations, but that is necessary to incorporate formal manuscripts and published work for proper research of the movement and its authors, since only articles and books fully express the ideas of the Eurasianists. The author of review does not support the research position, refers Frank to “Russian European” and the Eurasianists as the deniers of Western culture. The review highly appreciates Obolevich’s work with archival sources and the use of rich personal correspondence from the archives of Russia, Europe and the United States.

Факторы успешной работы сотрудников организаций в период пандемии COVID-19: данные международного исследования

The purpose of the study was to describe the cultural and national specifics of the work of employees of organizations in Russia and Western Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employee performance is viewed through the key concept of “Organizational Citizenship Behavior” (OCB). Respondents from various countries (total number – 619 people) were offered a questionnaire of 95 questions, which were reduced to 13 variables. The variables reflected the personal qualities, sociodemographic characteristics of employees, as well as the characteristics of their professional activities. No differences in the level of formation of OCB among employees of Russian and Western European organizations were found. A group of factors influencing OCB has been identified. The same factors for all countries are: “interaction with the leadership”, “resilience” and “satisfaction from remote work”. Two more factors influence the OCB of Russian employees: “work experience” and “satisfaction with the area of residence”. The research carried out seems to be relevant due to the novelty and scale of changes introduced by the pandemic to the work of employees.

Medical and social rehabilitation for new coronavirus infection (covid-19). temporal methodological recommendations of the Russian Federation and European countries (literature review)

At the end of 2019, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) faced an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection, the causative agent of which was given the name 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020 gave the official name of the infection COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses has named the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. The virus quickly spread throughout the world and acquired the status of an epidemic. It was necessary to develop algorithms for rapid diagnosis, provision of specialized medical care, as well as rehabilitation and prevention of recurrence. At the moment, all data is accumulated in real time. And the information on rehabilitation and prevention of re-infection is completely minimal.

Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Assess the Quality of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines: Regulatory Requirements in the Russian Federation and European Union

The experience with the influenza pandemic caused by strain A (H1N1) 2009 and the existing gaps in standardizing and evaluating the quality and effectiveness of vaccines for influenza prevention have led the European Union (EU) to recognize the need to review / update the current guidelines on requirements for the development, quality, and preclinical and clinical research. In February 2018 Guideline on influenza vaccines -quality module (EMA/CHMP/BWP/310834/2012 Rev.l) came Into effect In the EU countries. The formation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the creation of a single market for pharmaceutical products entails the need to amend the current and the formation of new legislation, as well as changes in the rules and regulations regarding the pharmaceutical circulation processes in the Russian Federation: development, quality assurance in preclinical and clinical trials, monitoring the safety of medicines for medical use, in this regard, it seems appropriate to develop scientific and technical guidelines that are harmonized with international standards and approaches in the pharmaceutical field. The aim of the review was to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to assessing the quality of vaccines for prevention influenza based regulatory requirements in the Russian Federation and European Union. Conclusion. In this article discusses the features of the requirements for the development and quality control of inactivated influenza vaccines in the Russian Federation and the EU. The article provides a comparative analysis of the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and the European Pharmacopoeia for quality indicators, which should be included in the regulatory documentation when registering the vaccine. The main changes in the EMA document «Guidelines for influenza vaccines - Quality module» consist of new approaches to standardizing vaccines for influenza prevention, in particular, determining the specific activity of inactivated influenza vaccines using adequate alternative methods and studying biological, immunological and physicochemical characteristics HA antigen using a wide range method. The results of the analysis of approaches to assessing the quality of vaccines for influenza prevention can be useful in developing harmonized with international norms and approaches scientific and technical guidelines in the pharmaceutical field.

ВЕЧЕРА В ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИХ ГОСТИНЫХ КОНЦА ЭПОХИ ЕКАТЕРИНЫ II КАК ФОРМА МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ

The article analyzes the culture of communication of nobles at evenings in the capital's living rooms of Russian nobles at the end of the era of Catherine II, when a subculture of educated representatives of high society was already formed under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightenment. The purpose of the study is to identify the culture of St. Petersburg aristocrats of the late XVIII century, the features of which were manifested in their daily interaction. The tasks of the study are to study the degree of popularity of evenings in the living rooms of nobles, Catherine II's perception of the opinions of nobles, the style of nobles’ behavior, the subject of their conversations, a combination of innovations and traditions in leisure life, and in determining the attitude of Petersburgers to foreigners. The sources of the study are the memoirs of foreign and Russian contemporaries: Polish aristocrat A. Czartoryski, French artist E. Vige-Lebren, Anglicans Martha and Catherine Wilmot, Russian journalist F. V. Bulgarin, notes by Catherine II. The methodological basis of the work is the concept of a new cultural history, which involves the study of the person in the context of the social environment, its value guidelines, life attitudes, and norms of communication. In historical literature, the leisure of the capital's nobles is studied, but the features of their interpersonal communication in the evenings in the living rooms of the end of the era of Catherine II are not sufficiently analyzed. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: metropolitan aristocrats showed great interest in interaction, evenings in the living rooms performed a communicative function, stimulated the study of European literature and art, languages, and contributed to the development of polemic skills. The culture of Russian nobles of the end of the era of Catherine II in work is characterized as «Russian European», combining knowledge of French literature, art and the properties of the Russian mentality: generosity, hospitality, respect for the monarchy, perception of serfdom as the natural state of peasants. The nobles spent evenings in the living rooms of contemporaries explained their desire for communication, which satisfied their needs of social, spiritual and entertaining nature.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ СЕГРЕГАЦИИ В ГОРОДАХ США

Spatial segregation has been and still remains a popular object of study among city researchers representing geography, sociology, and economics. The core of the corpus of conceptual works on this subject is composed of works devoted to US cities. Russian and Western European researchers in their works usually either use or criticize the American experience. However, at the moment in the domestic literature there is no comprehensive review of conceptual approaches to the study of the segregation of American cities. Over the almost 100-year history of this direction, theoretical and methodological approaches have changed several times. This article provides a review of thematic literature on American cities over the entire period of study of this phenomenon. There are six main stages in the development of this research field. These include the work of the Chicago School, quantitative studies of segregation as a social problem, original ideas from radical and critical geographers, concepts based on the notion of the racial hierarchy of society, publications of the Los Angeles School and theorists of polarization, as well as the two most recent major concepts. spatial segregation – «quartered city» by P. Marcuse and hyperghettoization by L. Wacquant. The key positions on which the representatives of these directions do not converge are highlighted - the reasons, driving forces and the nature of the segregation process. The logic of the change of prevailing views is traced and conceptual additions are identified.

Lapidary Art of the Altai and the Urals of the Late 18th — 19th Centuries: The Russian Cultural Phenomenon and European Influence

The study of Russian stone-cutting art remains an important and urgent task of contemporary Russian art history. It is necessary to take a fresh look at this direction of Russian decorative art and find out whether Russian stone-cutting art is an internal phenomenon, or it is based on European borrowing. This article refers to works of stone-cutting enterprises of the Urals and the Altai, i. e. Yekaterinburg and Loktevsk Manufactories, which worked exclusively at the order of the Cabinet. In the late eighteenth century, there was a system for ordering stone products in Russia. To do this, they formed sets of “samples” of natural ornamental stone from Russian deposits and compiled albums of product projects. When sending an order to the factory, they attached a sketch and indicated the number of the stone which the product was to be made of. A complex analysis of Russian stone-cutting art testifies to the fact that it followed European fashion, traditions, and technology. European specialists were invited to Russia in order to organise stone-cutting production. Also, travellers brought elegant artworks made of decorative stone by European masters. By the late eighteenth century, stone-cutting production had come a much longer way in Western Europe than in Russia. The production of works of art made of stone was carried out in Italy, France, England, Sweden, and other European countries. Russian commissioners wanted to obtain similar items, and the masters imitated and reproduced European originals. When comparing designs of decorative vases, one can see an undoubted influence of European analogues. However, if there is an obvious similarity to their decorative design, Russian masters are characterised by the ability to reveal the unique aesthetic properties of the material. At the first stage, the influence of European masters was not to be argued, but later on, Russian stone-cutting art began to acquire its own unique features, although it developed along the lines of the dominating pan-European stylistic trends.

«Надо подождать, осмотреться»: Письма Г.П. Федотова жене из Нью-Хейвена, 1941 г.

The letters of the well-known émigré historian and essayist are published. The letters are stored in the Bakhmeteff archive of Russian and East European culture at Columbia University. In the introduction, the publisher shows the assistance rendered to G. Fedotov by the well-known figures of the Russian diaspora in the United States and characterizes the importance of the correspondence for study of how he was looking for his place in the American academic community. The historian hoped to find it due to the invitation to attend the meetings of the Theological Discussion Group. Particular attention is paid to G. Fedotov’s critical understanding of the intellectual heritage of his former colleague, Fr. S. Bulgakov, caused by the need to deliver lectures at Divinity School. The consequences of this were reflected in The Russian Religious Mind, the final work of the historian, in which he criticized pagan hylozoism found in Kievan Christianity, and negatively assessed the Byzantine influence. The text of the letters is presented in accordance with the present-day spelling rules and accompanied with the necessary commentary.

Memory, the City and the Legacy of World War II in East Central Europe: The Ghosts of Others. By Uilleam Blacker. BASEES/Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies. London: Routledge, 2019. 242 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £124.00, hard bound.

Memory, the City and the Legacy of World War II in East Central Europe: The Ghosts of Others. By Uilleam Blacker. BASEES/Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies. London: Routledge, 2019. 242 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £124.00, hard bound.

The Results of International Educational Expeditions Aimed at the Russian Language, Literature, Culture and Russian Education Spread in the Near and Far-abroad Countries

The article considers the main approaches to expanding international cultural and humanitarian cooperation, ensuring educational, scientific and informational interaction between the Russian Federation and European countries through international educational expeditions. These events were held in 9 European countries for leaders, teachers and learning organizations engaged in educational activities under the main and (or) additional general educational programs, media representatives of the countries running the events. The article was prepared on the results of work under the project Conducting international educational expeditions aimed at the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian education popularization, implemented by the LLC JV Sodruzhestvo with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The article describes the formats of events proposed in the framework of the educational expeditions project, including the features of an integrated approach to their development and implementation, which allowed to ensure high interest of the target audience, easy and effective uptake of content presented for them.

The Results of International Educational Expeditions Aimed at the Russian Language, Literature, Culture and Russian Education Spread in the Near and Far-abroad Countries

The article considers the main approaches to expanding international cultural and humanitarian cooperation, ensuring educational, scientific and informational interaction between the Russian Federation and European countries through international educational expeditions. These events were held in 9 European countries for leaders, teachers and learning organizations engaged in educational activities under the main and (or) additional general educational programs, media representatives of the countries running the events. The article was prepared on the results of work under the project Conducting international educational expeditions aimed at the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian education popularization, implemented by the LLC JV Sodruzhestvo with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The article describes the formats of events proposed in the framework of the educational expeditions project, including the features of an integrated approach to their development and implementation, which allowed to ensure high interest of the target audience, easy and effective uptake of content presented for them.

Russian and Western European Mining Schools in the first half of the 19th century: A Comparative Analysis of Educational Process Organization

Russian and Western European Mining Schools in the first half of the 19th century: A Comparative Analysis of Educational Process Organization

Интертексты романа Аскара Алтая «Алтайская новелла

Intertexts of the novel “The Altai Novella” by Askar Altai are considered at the formal and content levels. An attempt has been made to define the intertextual field of the novel through an appeal to a wide context of myths, to the interpretation of them in the works of Kazakh, Russian and Western European writers. It has been analyzed the images of the main characters of the novel: Bulabike and the young hunter Ular as mythological heroes. Also it is given an interpretation of the image of bear Aikonyr through the comparison with the Lermontov’s demon, аt the article is considered intertextual connection of novel’s plot by A. Altai and by P. Merimee “Lokis”.

Resistance of Two-Rowed Barley Cultivars and Collection Accessions to False Loose Smut in Western Siberia

False loose smut caused by the fungus Ustilago nigra Tapke causes significant damage to barley crops in Russia. The aim of this work was to estimate the false loose smut resistance in spring double-row barley varieties created by the Omsk Agrarian Research Center and samples from the Collection of the Vavilov All-Russia Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in Western Siberia. Cultivars were assessed in the field in 2016–2019 according to common methods. The artificial inoculation of seeds with U. nigra teliospores was carried out before sowing. The damage to cultivars significantly varied, which was due to contrasting weather conditions during periods critical for plant infection. Stable resistance to disease was observed for cultivars Omsky 91 and Sasha, while damage to other cultivars of Omsk breeding increased. The collection cultivars of Russian and Western European breeding showed high resistance to false loose smut under conditions favorable for infection, as well as in drought with high temperatures. Ukrainian and Latvian cultivars showed high resistance to infection under conditions of high humidity and low temperature. High resistance under contrasting conditions was observed for cultivars Vorsinsky 2, Yasny, Vakula, Zadel 3, Yastreb, Inklyuziv, and Vzirez. The best combination of resistance to the disease and yields were demonstrated by cultivars Vorsinsky 2, Zernogradsky 770, Vakula, Vzirets, and Inklyuziv. These cultivars are promising to be used as sources of false loose smut resistance for barley breeding in Western Siberia.

‘Road of life’: changing navigation seasons and the adaptation of island communities in the Russian Arctic

ABSTRACT Adaptation of remote island communities in the Russian European Arctic to dramatic socioeconomic changes has been intensified by the impacts of climate changes in navigation seasons. Both the stability and duration of winter and summer navigation seasons and the start of the rasputitsa season, a shoulder period between the first two, are becoming more unpredictable and jeopardizing local mobility options. The ability to commute between neighboring settlements is an important aspect of island communities’ viability. Local mobility depends on well-functioning ice roads during wintertime, tugboats during the raputitsa season and on passenger vessels or smaller boats during summer navigation. To examine whether and how the island population of the Arkhangelsk region adapts to changing conditions and what factors shape adaptation options, we apply a community-based adaptation approach. The results from qualitative interviews with 32 residents and relevant stakeholders indicate that further development of the island communities will rely on sufficient mobility options. Incorporation of climate prognoses and local knowledge can improve the planning of mobility measures. Current and future community adaptation is challenged by out-migration, unpredictability in the rasputitsa season and lack of investment in island development.

The Concerned Lens: Towards a First Census of Russian, Soviet, and Eastern European Photographs in the Hoover Institution Archives—The Albums

ABSTRACT This note reports on an ongoing project by the compilers to create a census of Russian, Soviet, and Eastern European documentary photographs at the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. At this stage in this multi-year effort, the census numbers more than 300 pages and is presently organized in the following manner: Russian/Soviet and East European collection entries (listing an extraordinary 380 collections containing photographs) and four appendices: 1. Recent Russian, Soviet, and Eastern European increments to the photographic collections [9 collections] ; 2. collections microfilmed by Hoover from the Museum of Russian Culture (MRK) in San Francisco and the Holy Trinity Seminary (now Russian History Foundation, Jordanville, N.Y.) [57 collections]; 3. an index of photographic albums [50 collections, containing a total of 161 albums]; and 4. a sampling of photography albums from the Art Vault of the Hoover Library. While there are plans to make the full census available to the scholarly public in the near future, this note reproduces only the index of separately compiled albums (number 3 above), as well as a limited number of thumbnail sample images from some of the more important albums reviewed from sight.