Russian Enterprises Research Articles

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЗАПАСАМИ ЗАПАСНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ НА МУЛЬТИБРЕНДОВЫХ АВТОСЕРВИСНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КИПР)

The article presents a comprehensive study of the state and problems of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises on the example of the Republic of Cyprus. The general characteristics of the specifics of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises are presented, the foundations of the organizational model for the functioning of transport enterprises of this type, including those common to the Republic of Cyprus and the Russian Federation, are disclosed. The set of tasks for managing the inventory of spare parts at multi-brand car service enterprises has been clarified. Based on the results of a survey of executives and managers of 64 Cypriot multi-brand car service enterprises, key methods for managing spare parts stocks were identified. The results of the survey were compared with the assessment of the effectiveness of management in the subject area, typical groups of enterprises were identified according to the criterion of the main method of managing spare parts inventory and the expected management efficiency. The elements of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises of the Republic of Cyprus, recommended for reception into Russian practice, are identified, ways to solve the problem of improving the effectiveness of management in the subject area, common to the designated group of transport enterprises in Russia and Cyprus, including the development of automation, digitalization management, combined with the use of organizational methods (flexible supply contracts, franchising and new forms of business).

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ БЕРЕЖЛИВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НА РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The article is a study devoted to the analysis of the process of introducing the lean manufacturing concept at Russian enterprises. The author summarizes the conceptual foundations of Lean technology: fundamental principles, main types of losses, tools and implementation algorithm. Based on the analysis of data from the Federal Competence Center, the activities of the most successful Russian enterprises that joined the national project “Labor Productivity” were analyzed. Despite the positive experience of implementing lean production, confirmed by the achievement of economic effect, the author identified the main problems in the implementation process: insufficient involvement of the top management of the enterprise and a superficial understanding of the values of the philosophy of lean production, the absence or insufficient understanding by staff of the feasibility of introducing lean production and proposed specific ways to solve them. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the efficiency of industrial enterprises that have implemented lean production tools and methods has increased and the relevance of introducing the concept of lean production in the social sphere has been identified.

Characteristics of the range and composition of nut butters produced by Russian enterprises

The article provides an analysis of the range and composition of nut butters. There are two types of nut butters available: creamy butter and spreads. The name of the butter is derived from the nut used. Creamy butters contain from 40 to 47% nuts. Spreads contain the largest amount of sugar in their formulations. Chocolate types of creamy butter and spreads contain cocoa powder. Lecithin was introduced as an emulsifi er. Nut butters may contain dried dairy products.

Механизм оценки цифровой зрелости персонала промышленных предприятий

Introduction. The current trends in the development of the world economy set the vector for innovative renewal in the industrial entities of the Russian Federation. Digital independence and technological sovereignty of enterprises are determined by the introduction of cutting-edge computer programs and advanced information support for domestic developers. All-encompassing digitalization with no regard to the digital maturity of personnel could be a challenge with a large number of personnel risks and financial losses. Therefore, the concerns for appropriate assessment of personnel’s digital maturity come to the front. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment mechanism for the digital maturity of personnel, which ensures the efficiency of assessment procedures that make it possible to objectively determine specialists’ readiness to work in the digital environment and promote industrial enterprises to a new level of technological development. Materials and Methods. The paper refers to the methods of structural analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, modeling, system analysis, and optimization. Results. The paper describes some ideas for assessing and increasing the digital maturity of personnel at industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation. These ideas expand the methodological tools of modern managers and support accelerated modernization processes that transfer enterprises to a state of innovative activity. Conclusion. The author’s developments and conclusions have high practical significance for the development of key competencies at the Russian enterprises. This contributes into achieving the goals and higher competitiveness in a turbulent economy. The strategic guideline for further research is the issues of methodological and technological support for the developed proposals.

Экономические связи России с зарубежными странами в 1995–2020 годах: анализ межстрановых таблиц “затраты–выпуск” ОЭСР

The paper analyzes the dynamics of Russia’s structural economic relations with countries of the “unfriendly” and “friendly” (including “neutral”) spectrum in 1995–2020 according to data from intercountry input-output tables prepared by the OECD in 2023. The analysis focuses purely on “input” connections that involve the supply of imported intermediate production goods and final investment goods necessary for the production process at Russian enterprises. It is shown that import intensity of Russian final goods was not very high across industries (the remarkable exclusion is production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers), though input-output tables do not allow us to understand the quality and criticality of imports of industrial goods. In addition, the non-stop growth in the share of “friendly” countries is absolutely obvious. However, despite the steady decline in imports (by value added) from “unfriendly” countries in relation to imports from “friendly” countries, by 2021 the first category continued to remain prevalent in many cases, especially in machine building. The steady increase in the share of added value of “friendly” countries in the output of Russian products is apparently the result of such world processes as globalization, the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and other large developing countries, as well as the deindustrialization of Western economies. In the case of investment (capital) goods, for which Russia’s share was initially quite small, it seems that not only the global factors discussed above were at work, but also some targeted efforts of government at import substitution. It seems obvious that Russia currently faces a problem of restructuring its external economic connections and must adapt to changing global processes, maintaining a constructive approach to participation in the cross-country division of the production process, and taking into account geopolitical realities, develop new models of cooperation and integration.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

Currently, Russian enterprises are solving a large number of tasks related to sanctions pressure and the severance of partnerships with foreign enterprises. But despite the challenges, we can note a steady increase in investment in innovation and readiness to introduce advanced technologies into production. This article examines the use of artificial intelligence in production processes, as well as examples of the use of this technology in various industries.

Хозяйственно-управленческая этика советских руководителей предприятий 1930–1940-х гг. По источникам личного происхождения

This article, for the first time in domestic historiography, scrutinizes the ethical principles guiding the managerial activities of directors in Russian enterprises during the 1930s and 1940s. To address this issue, a selection was made from sources of personal origin, consisting of expressions concerning the principles of managerial ethics, followed by a structured description of these principles. The study employs historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods. The significance of the economic-ethical aspect of the soviet leaders mentality allows for a fresh understanding of the genesis of the soviet elite and its role in the transformation of the socio-economic structure of the country. Furthermore, the examination of the labor ethics of soviet leaders based on personal origin sources is undertaken by the author for the first time in historiography. Additionally, the article introduces a novel approach by applying a systematic structuring method to the managerial-ethical principles of enterprise leadership. The study of managerial ethics is conducted based on personal origin sources, such as memoirs and diaries of enterprise directors. The primary portion of the source complex is extracted from the archives of the Russian State Archive of Economics (memoirs of A. L. Kozlov, A. M. Kontorshchikov, Yu. N. Kozhevnikov, and the diary of M. V. Yasvoin), the majority of which remain unpublished and minimally incorporated into scholarly discourse. The methodological foundation for studying these sources is rooted in A. Rikh's works on the understanding of economic ethics, as well as contemporary Russian historians works on new property relations in the soviet economy of the 1930s to the early 1950s. The author concludes that the fundamental ethical principles adhered to by enterprise leaders in their managerial activities consisted of an «oath» to the fundamental postulates of soviet authority and the requirements formulated by the state. The leaders deemed the principles of centralized command and personal labor participation in enterprise affairs as correct. Regarding moral norms of management, the leaders considered personal gain, nepotism, and favoritism, among other practices, as unacceptable. However, the principles of economic-labor ethics identified through published sources do not encompass the latent stratum of the soviet economic model, where deviations from certain economic-ideological norms, disregard for subordinates, «everyday» norms of managerial material support, etc., were deemed acceptable. The article concludes that a significant portion of soviet enterprise leaders in the 1930s and 1940s adhered to the proposed soviet ideological system of ethical values, striving to uphold and cultivate «socialist» ethical parameters.

Оценка зависимости финансово-экономических результатов предприятия от макроэкономических индикаторов

Among the main indicators of a company’s financial and economic success are indicators such as revenue and profit. Being separate units, the totality of large, medium and small enterprises is the foundation of the country’s economy. In our case, it is the Russian economy. It is obvious that each sector of the Russian economy will be influenced by macroeconomic indicators with different strengths, despite the external homogeneity of the sectors. This fact determines the need for an individual assessment of the influence of factors on each industry, as well as, in particular, special approaches to assessing their impact. Attempts to use conventional forecasting assessment methods face a number of challenges that affect the reliability of impact estimates and the robustness of long-term model-based forecasts. The article assesses the influence of macroeconomic indicators on the financial and economic results of Russian enterprises from various industries. As part of the work, the selection of key sectors of the domestic economy for the article, for which the procedure for modeling financial results will be carried out, is justified. A hypothesis is formulated about a set of factors that supposedly have a serious impact on both the Russian economy as a whole and on selected industries. The selected factors were used as input variables for the models. Based on processed data on enterprises taken from open sources, a number of models were built that included certain macroeconomic factors in various processing. Also, the rationale for selecting the best models from the resulting set based on information criteria is given. For enterprises in selected sectors of the Russian economy, quantitative estimates of the influence of certain factors that have the greatest impact on the output values of profit and revenue were obtained. The set of models was obtained by searching through many combinations of influencing time series processes and input variables. Some models evaluate the influence of structural elements of the time series that are contained in the dependent variable. Based on the aggregation results, an interpretation was carried out aimed at demonstrating the possibility of obtaining high-quality conclusions when using alternative forecasting methods. It is proposed to use the developed models to predict the financial results of Russian enterprises

Modern production and ecology: Points of mutual understanding

The article is devoted to the consideration of the impact of the environmental factor on economic processes. It is noted that the ecological factor, reflecting the influence of environmental conditions on production processes, the use of minerals and other natural resources, land and water resources, atmospheric air, natural flora and fauna in the economic activities of enterprises, is of particular importance in modern economic conditions. The paper presents the main theoretical approaches to the significance of the development of ecological agricultural production in the conditions of increasing negative processes in the biosphere. The analysis of economic activity of the Russian enterprise concerning its ecological component on the example of LLC “Greenhouse Complex YugAgroHolding”, located on the territory of the Chechen Republic is carried out. The necessity of active implementation of waste-free technologies and reuse of exhausted resources in production was substantiated. The importance of the development of ecologically oriented agricultural production with minimization of environmental impact was determined.

Positive effects for Russian manufacturing enterprises from the expansion of ecosystem interactions within international digital platforms

The purpose of this study is to consider new opportunities and positive effects for Russian industrial enterprises from the use of international digital platforms to expand ecosystem interaction. Currently, this issue is unexplored, but it seems almost inevitable that its importance will increase in the coming years due to the expansion of opportunities for internationalization of the business of industrial companies through global platforms. Based on a comprehensive theoretical review and interviews with a focus group of 14 representatives of Russian companies responsible for business development, digitalization and internationalization, the study suggests a comprehensive list of positive effects for Russian enterprises from the expansion of ecosystem interactions within the framework of international digital platform models. A separate important aspect of consideration in this study is approaches to overcoming the problem of monopoly power in digital platforms and ensuring a productive balance of interests of all participants and stakeholders. By analogy with how it happened in the e-commerce sector, one can assume an increase in monopolistic behavior and an imbalance of interests of participants on digital production platforms that unite many manufacturing enterprises. An analysis of some approaches to identifying and solving this problem is proposed.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ НА УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article examines the impact of digitalization on human resource management in organizations. The author analyzes key digital technologies such as HRMS, data analytics, artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, mobile applications, distance learning platforms, blockchain, Internet of Things, performance management systems and social networks for HR. The advantages and risks of using these technologies, as well as the possibilities of their integration into HR processes, are con-sidered. Special attention is paid to practical examples of the use of digital technologies at large Russian enterprises, including Gazprom, Sberbank and Yandex. The article emphasizes the need to adapt HR policies and management strategies in the context of digital transformation to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of organizations.

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ И МЕТОДОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВОМ НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

After the new century, the world economy gradually became more integrated and developed, which opened up new opportunities and problems for Russian enterprises. In the new economic conditions, our local enterprises must continue to move forward in order to achieve good development, must improve product quality based on the principle of “fair competition, survival of the fittest”, consider quality as the basis of competition and promote the development of enterprises. This article discusses measures to optimize quality management tools and methods in industrial enterprises.

Stimulating the processes of attracting investments in industry of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

<p>The current conditions of the world economy development are characterized by the aggravation of the struggle between countries for technological leadership in the transition to a new technological mode on the basis of Industry 5.0, and the negative impact of barriers in international trade in goods and technologies due to sanctions against Russia, which creates windows of opportunity in the field of ensuring technological sovereignty on its own industrial base. One of the most important factors for the successful implementation of the windows of opportunity for the development of domestic production of high-tech products is the stimulation of the processes of attracting private investments in industrial enterprises of large, medium and small-sized business, including through the formation of an effective system of state support tools. The aim of the article is to improve the processes of attracting industrial investments, specifically in the context of identifying factors that can have a negative impact on the investment activities of Russian enterprises of various size groups by analyzing and adjusting the existing tools of state support for industrial enterprises, including small technology companies, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and developing areas for their improvement in order to ensure technological security under the conditions of sanctions. The article studies the features of the investment industrial infrastructure as exemplified by the most industrially developed regions of the Volga and Ural Federal Districts. The insufficient level of investment of small industrial enterprises in comparison to large and medium-sized business has been revealed. It has been found that the sanctions did not affect small and medium-sized business in comparison to large enterprises due to their insufficient role in the production of gross regional product and exports. The efficiency of investment resource utilization in the regions under consideration has been assessed using the data envelopment analysis model oriented on maximization of the result. According to the modeling results, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Sverdlovsk Region have been identified as efficient regions. The experience of the best practice of these regions has been analyzed, and the tools of key federal and regional development institutions has been considered, including those cofinanced by them as part of joint development projects. Promising directions for stimulating investment processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan and other regions of Russia on the basis of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their investment industrial infrastructure for the timely implementation of the windows of opportunity to achieve technological leadership have been proposed.</p>

Environmental innovation as a key factor in the investment attractiveness of Russian enterprises

The topic of environmental responsibility is becoming more and more relevant every year . Any production activity entails damage to the environment. Examples of harm caused include, for example, noise, thermal, electromagnetic and material pollution, expressed in the form of emissions of harmful materials into the environment. In addition, the production sector is associated with high costs of fuel, energy and water resources, which, if used irrationally, causes irreparable harm to the environment. The use of an old complex of industrial equipment also increases the negative impact on the environment, for example, it can consume large amounts of energy, which is irrational and dangerous. As a result of active industrial growth, the environment began to slow down the socio-economic development of all states. This article examines environmental attractiveness as a factor influencing the level of investment attractiveness of Russian enterprises. An idea of the elements of environmental attractiveness is given, and examples of the impact of environmental factors on the attractiveness of an organization are given. The phenomenon of “green economy” and its main features has been studied. The relevance of the optimal existence of ecology, society and economy is substantiated by finding mutual agreement of interests in these areas. Particularly relevant at present are studies aimed at finding and achieving the optimal existence of ecology, society and the economy , by finding mutual agreement of interests in these areas.

УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ УЧЕТ И КОНТРОЛЬ: МАТЕРИАЛЬНЫЕ ЗАТРАТЫ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

This article discusses the main approaches of management accounting to determining production needs for material resources, provides a review of the main analytical indicators of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise in terms of material costs, and presents a vision of a plan-fact analysis of material costs for the manufacture of a product. Material costs are an integral part of the production cost of any industrial product. Carrying out their activities under the conditions of sanctions imposed by foreign countries regarding the import of raw materials, supplies and components into the territory of the Russian Federation, Russian enterprises have been continuously producing their products for more than a year, forced to pay special attention to material support, new channels and supply chains, selection of analogues and partial change in product design. The topic of management accounting and control of production security, the volume of material costs in the cost of production has become especially relevant. Management of purchases and warehouse balances in the light of current events is undergoing changes, which can definitely be considered an incentive for the development of both management accounting of material costs and management of production and the enterprise as a whole. The work makes generalized conclusions about the features of management and control of material costs for the production of industrial products, which have come to the fore recently.

Development of a Marketing Strategy for Positioning a Russian Wine Company on the International Market

The article addresses the issues of increasing recognition and forming a positive consumer experience of domestic winemaking products in the international market. Today, the grape-growing and winemaking market is characterized by high levels of competition, which justifies the need for adopting an optimal strategy to position products in both domestic and foreign markets. In the field of winemaking, Russian enterprises are not international leaders. However, the increase in domestic production volume and the development of competition within the country create promising opportunities for marketing wine and grape processing products beyond the borders of the state in international markets. Identifying problems at the enterprise and industry levels in winemaking allows companies to develop competitive strategies in wine production technology, market promotion, packaging and labeling, as well as customer engagement in a unified value chain with end consumers.

Развитие рыбохозяйственного комплекса России в рамках концепции «экономики потребления»

Modern aspects of the development of the country's fisheries complex are largely related to the processes of managing domestic demand. Based on the concept of “consumption economy” it is evidently formulated that the economic policy of stimulating fish consumption and fish products should be based on expanding the supply of their quantity, quality, assortment, taking into account the emerging solvent demand. It is shown that the global trend of consumption of fish and fish products directly depends on the level of income of the population. Russia is characterized by consumption at the level of middle-income countries. At the same time, it was found that the consumption of fish and seafood in Russia, unlike other types of food products, in the context of decile groups of the population remains unchanged, but with equal consumption volumes, its quality changes. In these conditions, the main limiting factor for the development of domestic consumption is effective demand, which has been declining in recent years. In turn, fish production and other fishing products made by Russian enterprises in recent years is analyzed, forming the supply of domestic fish products on the consumer market, showed a decrease in the profitability of assets of industry enterprises, the tax burden, which is directly related to the increase in cost (mainly of an inflationary nature) and a certain decrease in sales volumes. As measures to stimulate domestic consumption, it is proposed to use instruments of state support for the population with low incomes, subsidies, the establishment of preferential tariffs for transportation, as well as wider use of the system of state (municipal) ordering.

Влияние структуры управления на инновационные возможности организации

The current economic situation, characterized by rapidly changing market rules, requires business structures to respond immediately in order to maintain competitive advantages. The frequently changing requirements of customers, whose priorities are updated as quickly as technological breakthroughs and innovations dictate their consumer conditions to the business. In addition, newly created companies structure their activities in a unique way in accordance with changing customer requirements and challenge traditional corporate structures. The article considers the issues of functioning, development and improvement of organizational management structures of organizations in the implementation of innovations. The features of hierarchical and organic types of management are highlighted. The elements of the organizational structure of the enterprise inherent in any management model are presented. The results of a survey of 148 large Russian enterprises conducted by KPMG consulting company together with the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI) are considered. The author's conclusions based on the results of the study are made. Recommendations for the successful functioning of the organization in the implementation of innovations are proposed.

Possibilities of automating the plant personnel recruitment

The presented research is devoted to determining the possibilities of introducing information technologies in the work of the human resources department of the enterprise for the personnel selection activities automation. The article substantiates the relevance of studying the problem of “personnel shortage” at Russian enterprises in general and in relation to the production enterprise of the Sverdlovsk region. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the wages at the analyzed enterprise with the average level in the metallurgical industry and in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the results of the empirical study, the recruitment process’ components are highlighted, the results of the analysis of the photograph of working hours of recruitment specialists of a large manufacturing enterprise in the Sverdlovsk region are presented. The reserves of increasing the productivity of labor time use of human resources specialists of the production enterprise through the automation of a number of processes have been revealed. Recommendations for the introduction of information technologies in improving the recruitment system of the production enterprise are developed. The research paper may be of interest to specialists of personnel management services of large production and industrial enterprises in terms of analyzing the possibilities of automating the business process of personnel recruitment.

Корпоративное волонтерство как инструмент внутренних и внешних коммуникаций организации

Nowadays, companies are actively introducing corporate volunteering programs at their enterprises. In this re-gard, there is a growing interest in this topic in scientific circles: there are more and more works devoted to the study of this phenomenon as a form of corporate social responsibility. However, more attention is often paid to the social and economic effects of corporate volunteering, and an equally important communication aspect remains undisclosed. This article is aimed at studying the phenomenon of corporate volunteering as a tool of corporate communications. It analyzes the image and reputation effects from the implementation of volunteer programs at Russian enterprises. The empirical basis of the analysis was the results of a study of the nature of information coverage of volunteer activities of a large regional pipeline company in the field of oil and petrole-um products transportation. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that corporate volunteering contributes to strength-ening the information presence of the organization and reinforcing the status of a socially responsible enter-prise.