Russian Economy Research Articles

Grammatical systematicity of request models in the modern Russian

The article analyzes the grammatical systematicity of models of request expression in modern Russian language. The relevance is determined by the need to identify the grammatical systematicity of the use of syntactic models of different types in expressing a request in Russian speech practice. The aim of the paper is to study syntactic models of request expression in modern Russian language in the aspect of the theory of communicative-pragmatic complexes. The study is conducted on the material representing different contexts of request usage: samples from modern Russian plays by famous playwrighters – A. Vampilov, N. Lakutin, E. Shabalina and A. Yablonskaya, as well as samples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCLR) are used. Research methods: systematic, comparative, functional, contextual, structural-grammatical. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of systematicity of syntactic models. The peculiarity of expressing the request by the models of sentences on the purpose of utterance – inductive, interrogative and narrative – is shown. The authors come to the conclusion about the peculiarity of linguistic conceptualization of request in three communicative situations – everyday request, official request, request when communicating in an unfamiliar environment, which differ in their communicative role and situations of use. The regularities of use of three types of sentences on the purpose of utterance depending on communicative situations are established. It is shown that the model of inductive sentences serves as the basic and most common grammatical form of expressing a request and is usually used in the communicative situation of a household request. Due to its special communicative characteristics, this model can also be used in the situation of communication with strangers, and with the use of grammatical extensions - and in some situations of official communication. The second most frequent type - interrogative sentences - is usually used when addressing strangers; as a rule, it is accompanied by politeness markers. Models of narrative sentences are used much less frequently than sentences of the other two types; they are most often used in situations of official communication.

Организация наставничества при реализации программы «Орлята России»

The article presents the results of the discussion of the problem of development of children’s movement in the context of the all-Russian program “Orlyata Rossii”, which took place within the framework of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Development of children’s movement in modern Russia” on May 29, 2024. Teachers of the A.I. Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, representatives of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Children’s Center “Orlyonok” exchanged experience in implementing the program for primary school students “Orlyata Rossii”, as well as organizing mentoring with younger students to develop their social activity. The most significant areas of work of the conference sectional platforms are highlighted, a discussion format for the discussion on the organization of mentoring and work with students of psychological and pedagogical classes is considered and proposed.

Functional and pragmatic parameters of speech acts with the explicit mode of ignorance in scientific dialogue

The article is about identifying functional aspects of 1st-person statements with the explicit mode of ignorance (messages like I do not know… / We don’t know… I don’t know / We don’t know ...) in scientific discussions as a genre of scientific discourse. The relevance of the analysis is predetermined by the necessity to study various parameters of discourse (including both epistemic and pragmatic) as closely connected. The main research method is contextual and pragmalinguistic analysis. The sources of the material are transcripts of modern English and Russian scientific discussions in various fields of knowledge. The article identifies the illocutionary properties of ignorant statements, establishes their pragmatic functions, as well as determines their position in the traditional classification of speech acts. Taking into account the illocutionary orientation of references to ignorance makes it possible to identify representative, interrogative, axiological varieties of ignorance messages as well as their subtypes differentiated on the basis of the degree of their expressiveness, their vector of evaluation, the nature of the representative and interrogative role of speech acts with the mode of ignorance: fully expressive and conditionally expressive, positive and negative, preventive and hesitative, etc. The criterion “pragmatic functions” helps us specify additional functions of references to ignorance in scientific dialogue: to indicate a certain degree of the speaker’s epistemic responsibility for their words, to serve as a means of avoiding the answer, a way to prevent criticism, etc. Moreover, the work identifies factors determining the illocutionary nature of ignorance speech acts: the surface structure of the message, the general context of utterance, the position of the ignorance message in the dialogical unity, sincerity and felicity conditions of speech acts formulated as ignorance messages. References to ignorance are concluded to be quite a significant phenomenon in the structure of scientific dialogue, since they perform a number of important functions in it. The analysis scheme can be used to study statements with other explicit modes (knowledge, opinions, etc.) in various types of discourse.

Collectivization as a page of history and its place in the national ideology of modern Russia

The article substantiates the necessity of the national ideology of the modern Russian Federation to be based on adequate representations of most important events of the Soviet period of the country’s history. Russian historiography will inevitably form a system of such representations in the near future. The authors confidently position collectivization of the peasant village as the central of the events in question, showing why the Soviet version of collectivization is approximately as far from the historical truth as the ideological interpretation of the 90s, which arrived to substitute the so-called «Marxism-Leninism». Local history investigations and family chronicles contain one of the principal proofs of this, confirming the consistence of Peasant Studies as a tool for historical and sociological research.

The genre has a pulse: Ode in modern Russian poetry

The article seeks to disprove the assumption that the ode as a poetic genre breathed its last in the 1830s–1850s. The scholars suggest that no genre remains a form cast in concrete, but instead serves as a toolkit facilitating the creative process. To prove that the genre of ode is still relevant, the authors consider works of four eminent modern poets — A. Belyakov, V. Gandelsman, I. Ermakova, and A. Kushner — and describe their use of the genre. In each case, ode features prominently, its importance recognized by the poets themselves. The article argues in favour of a more in-depth study of the evolution of the ode in the non-canonical period of Russian literary history.

Representation of Gender Dominants in the Russian Language. Diachronic Aspect

The article speaks about gender dominants in the Russian language. In Russian linguistics the problem of studying gender becomes especially relevant in the beginning of the 21st century, although the studies of peculiarities and differences in the speech of men and women were conducted throughout the 20th century. Gender studies make it possible to analyze language taking into account the multifactorial influence of gender, with the binary opposition «male / female», «masculine / feminine» largely representing the value orientations of any ethnos. In modern society, linguistic gender dominants are associated with the activation of the feminist movement around the world, as well as with the spread of variously interpreted liberal views. In general, femininity and masculinity as part of modern linguoculture are related to the essential characteristic of an individual and are determined by the qualities considered «feminine» or «masculine» in Russian ethnoculture. That is why the phraseosemantic group of feminine and masculine lexicon is actively replenished in the modern Russian language. However, in general, it should be stated that in Russian linguoculture, first of all, the gender dominants, preserved since ancient times, which are based on the binary opposition of mother / father, man / woman.

Belarusization in Russian Regions in the 1920s in Modern Russian Historiography

The article presents a historiographical review of publications on the policy of Belarusization carried out in the Russian regions in the 1920s. This work does not address the publications of Belarusian and foreign researchers on the practice of implementing the new Soviet national policy within the territorial borders of the Belarusian Republic. The main attention is paid to the three Russian provinces bordering Belarus – Pskov, Smolensk and Bryansk. At the same time, the eastern territories of the RSFSR – the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East, where Belarusians found themselves as a result of the resettlement policy, especially at the beginning of the 20th century during the Stolypin agrarian reform, were not ignored. Belarusization, as part of the general policy of Korenization, proclaimed in 1923 at the XII Congress of the Russian Communist Party (b), in modern research is closely linked to the need to show new principles and directions of Soviet national policy for the development of Belarusian statehood and culture in contrast to the all-out polonization carried out by the Pilsudski government in Western Ukrainian and Belarusian lands ceded to Poland by the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921. A significant role in this process was assigned to the expansion of the state borders of the BSSR at the expense of Russian territories, especially in 1924 and 1926. However, Belarusization did not find any real support from the local authorities, who considered Belarusians to be part of the Russian population until the end of the 1920s, as well as due to the significant self-Russification of the Belarusian population in the Russian regions that had already taken place by the middle of the decade. Formally, these tasks were constantly on the agenda of the party and Soviet authorities in the second half of the 1920s. But they have not received any significant practical implementation.

The limits to growth of the debt burden on the Russian economy

The limits to growth of the debt burden on the Russian economy

Risks in the formation of special economic zones of Russia

Subject. This article discusses the problems of development of innovative projects as a complex system, which includes various structural elements, namely from administrative to the fiscal ones. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the opportunities to create special economic zones in the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article finds that creating free economic zones contributes to the development of the Russian economy, still at the same time, the State accepts certain risks as a participant in the national project to create free economic zones. Conclusions. The international sanctions effect is the main negative factor that bars unique products within special economic zones.

Donorship as a type of manifestation of civic engagement in modern Russia

Donorship as a type of manifestation of civic engagement in modern Russia

Method of Detecting Liquid Meniscus in Capillary Using Ultraviolet Sensor

The accuracy of determining the physical and chemical properties of a liquid, in particular, assessing the viscosity of the liquid used, is considered an important technical problem in medicine, food, oil, chemical industries, as well as in other areas that determine the quality and safety of human life and activity. For example, assessing the viscosity of the liquid used is a key stage in the design of hydraulic systems. Today, the improvement of methods for determining the viscosity of a liquid is on the path to automation (digitalization) of measurement instruments and methods. In this area, the activities of metrologists and engineers are consistent with the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» adopted in 2017. The article discusses the capillary method for determining the kinematic viscosity of a liquid as the most accurate of all possible methods at present. The method is based on determining the time of liquid flow between two marks, which are applied to the walls of a glass capillary viscometer forming a measuring tank. One of the main problems of this method is that all stages of measurement are performed by a person, even recording the moment when the liquid meniscus crosses the mark, which is a violation of one of the key principles of process automation – independence of execution, which only implies monitoring the operation of the system. Since ready-made solutions do not fit the laboratory’s measurement tasks, the management decided to develop and conduct a study of an information and measuring system that will carry out the process of detecting the liquid meniscus at the mark level, as well as recalculate the measured time interval into the kinematic viscosity value. The key decision in this development is the choice of a sensor for detecting the liquid meniscus. Based on the literature review, it was decided to use a photoelectric sensor. A study of the transmission spectra of liquids used in this method was conducted to select the wavelength at which the sensor will operate. Thus, a type of photoelectric sensor designed to operate in the UV range has been selected to automate the method of detecting the liquid meniscus when it crosses a mark applied to a capillary tube. The article is addressed to metrologists who perform verification and calibration of glass capillary viscometers, specialists in the field of experimental and theoretical viscometry. The method proposed by the authors can become the basis for further improvement of the method for measuring the kinematic viscosity of a liquid.

Development and activation of the innovative potential of the Russian economy: regional features, structural priorities, levels of implementation

Relevance. The idea of developing and implementing innovative solutions in various spheres of society implies the existence of ways to find such solutions, their active use and improvement. For this reason, the essence of innovative thinking on the scale of both a single enterprise and the state as a whole requires appropriate provision.The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the chronological cross-section of the level of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of multiple global economic and political crises and the internal activation of strategic innovative trends in the formats of lawmaking and modernization.Objectives. To achieve this goal, within the framework of this study, the current legislative situation regarding the state's innovation policy and its projected consequences were considered; the factors of growth in the level of innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of statistical dominants were studied; the complex results of regional innovation activity and the all-Russian state of the innovative sphere of development, production, export and import of goods and services were analyzed.Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is the method of chronological extrapolation analysis of trends with constant adjustment in conditions of the selective nature of the analytical data bank; in addition, a theoretical generalization of the indexed result and a priori trend forecasting within the observation period are used.Results. The general principles of the innovation segment development are the same for the whole state, but their applicability in different regions depends on the degree of their convergence with border territorial entities — the basis of the innovation development strategy is the assessment of regional potential in the sum of all indicators. Nevertheless, there is always the possibility of finding a thematic statistical trend.Conclusions. It is fundamentally important for the innovative development of the state to take into account the specifics of each individual region. With all the variety of means and methods of innovative development at all levels of management, priority is given to only a few. In this case, rating systems are an auxiliary element of management structures.

The Current State of the Russian Budget System and the Potential for Financing the Federal Budget Deficit

For the first time, Russia’s budget system is under large-scale stress in all areas: risks of losing the tax base due to international sanctions, a steady increase in unforeseen expenses, inflation risks, and rising debt servicing costs. In this regard, it is necessary to identify and analyze potential sources of financing the federal budget deficit as the main guarantor of budget stability. The article examines the state of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds based on the results of the first half of 2024. It is shown that oil and gas revenues remain the main source of revenue growth. Among non-oil and gas revenues, personal income tax and VAT from domestic sales are growing at an accelerated rate. At the same time, the positive dynamics of some sectors of the Russian economy is largely due to budget financing. At the same time, inflation remains above target values, which forces the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to tighten monetary policy. The excess growth of federal budget expenditures and the increase in nominal rates threaten financial stability. In this regard, the article assesses the potential for financing the federal budget deficit in the context of strict borrowing restrictions. Based on the analysis of the state of the domestic federal loan bond market, a conclusion is made about the high risk of a liquidity crisis and the potential for placing domestic debt at the expense of non-bank financial institutions and individuals.

Statistical Support for Federal and Regional Decisions on the Well-Being Standard

Modern Russia is going through difficult trials and as a state, as a civil society, it is in search of new ideas, meanings and goals for further development. Therefore, a more mature approach to the implementation of social policy is needed both at the federal, regional and local levels. This approach can become a standard of well-being. The general idea of the welfare standard implies equal access of citizens to public goods in any locality of the country. At the moment, programs are being implemented in a number of regions of Russia that can be called components of the well-being standard, but no universal concept has been created that would describe this standard. The authors of the study offer their vision of the standard of well-being and show that the process of its creation requires the efforts of the scientific community and active discussion. The result of the implementation of the well-being standard may be a gradual solution to the accumulated problems that concern Russian citizens. The study presents the successful experience of the regions, as well as analyzes the most common difficulties that hinder the successful implementation of state social projects and the development of individual regions. In the course of the study, it was proposed to supplement the federal standard with regional standards of well-being due to the specifics of a particular region.

Discourse complex <i>i da</i> ‘and yes’ as a dialogue actualizer in modern Russian speech

The article examines semantic and pragmatic features of the discursive complex i da (“and yes”). The relevance of the research is explained by the active inclusion of i da in contemporary speech practice, various genres and styles over the past decade, which was not observed before. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the element i da becomes the object of linguistic analysis for the first time. This study contributes to the understanding of the discursive complex i da in the context of modern linguistic practices. The findings of this research can be beneficial for further linguistic studies and practical applications. The element i da is not recorded in dictionaries and reference books, which also testifies to the novelty of the material presented in the article, which was extracted from the “National Corpus of the Russian Language”, the electronic media bank “Integrum”. The paper is also based to some degree on the personal observations of the authors. This study provides a fresh perspective on the linguistic element i da, contributing to the existing body of linguistic research. The research was conducted within the framework of the structural and descriptive method using semantic, syntactic, and contextual analysis. As a result, the main discursive role of the complex i da was established, i. e., maintaining the interactive nature of conversation through a ‘delayed response’ mechanism, which allows considering i da as a feedback marker. The discursive complex i da involves a real or potential (in the case of a monologue) interlocutor/opponent in the discourse, performing the role of a dialogic actualizer. The core seme of the complex (‘agreement’) can be explicitly supported by the context, and the addressee of the agreement can be not only the ‘other’ but also the speaker himself. The study reveals the rhetorical potential of i da in monologic speech. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the discursive complex i da, highlighting its role in dialogic actualization and its rhetorical potential in monologic speech. The variants of punctuation design of the complex i da identified during the research indicate the need for its further study and the creation of a theoretical basis for subsequent codification in punctuation guides. The study proposes a hypothesis about the appearance of i da in Russian as a result of calquing English phrases and yes / and yeah, which are of international nature. This research emphasizes the importance of further investigation into the discursive complex i da, its punctuation variants, and its origins in the Russian language.

Sociological monitoring of student youth involvement in regional socio-economic development processes in modern Russian society

Student youth is the most creatively active, creative, able to put forward new ideas and implement promising projects social-demographic group of the population of the country and the region. In this regard, the student youth role in the processes of socio-economic development of the region and the country as a whole is key. At the same time, this socio-demographic group requires development and implementation of a clear, systematic, and effective policy in the field of education, culture, socio-economic and professional development, as well as mechanisms of involvement in the processes of regional socio-economic development in order to preserve and further develop human capital. The results of the sociological survey of students of Russian universities and colleges (N = 1.560 thousand people) from all federal districts conducted in 2023 have been presented. According to the sociological monitoring results, it has been revealed that a significant part of students is not purposefully interested in and does not track information about the activities of public authorities and is not involved in the processes of regional socio-economic development. The level of awareness and interaction of student youth with regional youth organizations is low. More than a third of students are not properly informed about the activities of these organizations, and their involvement is no more than 11 %. In order to increase the level of student youth involvement in the processes of regional socio-economic development in modern Russian society, the authors have developed methodological recommendations for engaging activities implementation.

Scientific terms as a part of comparative tropes of modern Russian prose

Modern Russian prose is characterized by the active use of scientific terms from different fields of knowledge, which act as images of comparison for comparative tropes. Such tropes are marked by stylistic emphasis, as they contain new information for the addressee. Comparative tropes are defined as metaphors and similes of various structural types. The purpose of our work is to analyze the use of scientific terms as images of comparison for comparative constructions and determine their functions in the texts of modern Russian prose. The material for the study is the works of E. Vodolazkin, A. Ivanov, A. Ilichevsky, A. Matveeva, V. Pelevin, D. Rubina, A. Salnikova, O. Slavnikova, M. Stepnova, O. Vasyakina and others. The article discusses terms in tropes representing different fields of science: physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine, biology, physiology, linguistics, literary criticism, art history, and computer science. The most active in the comparative tropes of modern prose are biological, medical, physical and computer terms. The productivity of these terms is associated with the rapid development of these areas of knowledge and their role in modern society. Regarding parts of speech, most of them are substantives. By metaphorizing, terms are subject to determinologization. In prose texts, terms often have distributors that clarify, specify or modify the image of comparison. In modern prose, scientific terms as part of tropes perform a number of functions: the function of figurative characteristics of a person, object or phenomenon, the evaluative function, the text-forming and conceptualizing functions. Scientific terms as part of metaphors and similes replenish and update the literature language.

Substantive behavioral aspects of consumer behavior in the conditions of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy

Relevance. Sanctions pressure on the economy of the Russian Federation is one of the most important factors influencing consumer behavior and their consumer preferences. Under sanctions, many social, economic and political aspects influence consumer behavior, from which new consumer trends and changes in consumer behavior emerge.The purpose is to explore the substantive behavioral aspects of consumer behavior under the conditions of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy.Objectives: study changes in consumer preferences in connection with global crises; analyze changes in consumer behavior depending on various factors and price dynamics as a factor in consumer behavior; explore the influence of cognitive distortions on the meaningful behavioral aspects of consumers; propose the concept of business company plans in accordance with new consumer expectations.Methodology. In the process of research, general scientific methods of logical and statistical analysis, field research, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. Results. The survey showed that consumers have become more frugal and choose domestic brands in order to save money, the study of the impact of cognitive distortions on consumers showed that society is prone to a pessimistic attitude in terms of adopting new domestic products and brands.Conclusions. A business plan under sanctions pressure, aimed at the novelty of the product and its effectiveness, will help companies promote their goods and services on the Russian market during the period of sanctions pressure. Focusing on changing the object of purchase, place of purchase (online trading if possible), timing and methods of procurement in accordance with new motives and customer expectations will give companies an advantage in conditions of market instability and changing behavioral aspects of consumers.

Potential for Cooperation between Russia and MERCOSUR under Sanctions

Under the pressure of the unprecedented economic sanctions, the Russian Federation faces the tasks of reformatting its foreign economic strategy, transforming its trade policy, changing supply chains, and expanding cooperation with the partners that maintain economic neutrality, particularly with the countries in Latin America, the Asia-Pacific region, and the Middle East. The purpose of this research is to determine to what extent economic sanctions can serve as a factor for activating trade and economic relations between Russia and the countries of MERCOSUR as the most significant potential partners from the Latin American region. The research question of the article is to what extent it is possible to sooth the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy by stimulating trade links with MERCOSUR countries. The article attempts to compare the relative significance of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay as trade and economic partners for Russia at the time of sanctions. The article identifies factors contributing to the growth of potential of mutual trade and economic cooperation and those constraining it; provides an assessment of the current development of trade and investment relations between the parties; calculates indicators to determine the possibility of substituting the lost markets for export-import operations by the new ones.

Formation of Centers of Excellence in Russia for Stimulating Industrial Development

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of forming Centers of Excellence in the USSR and the Russian Federation for the period from 1920 to the present on the basis of triune contexts. The research objectives are to identify the key tools for the formation and development of Centers of Excellence and compare the results of their use in order to identify the directions for improving state policy and the mechanism for strengthening them, taking into account the current economic situation and the strategic prospects for the country's development. The following research methods have been applied, namely: induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, systematization, description, empirical, evolutionary, systemic and historical-logical approach to the analysis of certain phenomena and processes. The results of the study have revealed the most effective mechanisms and tools for forming and stimulating the development of Centers of Excellence for the period from the 1920s to the present, and the paper also presents their evolution based on the use of triune contexts. The analysis has shown that it is advisable to take into account the experience of the USSR when developing the mechanism and selecting tools for the formation of Centers of Excellence in modern Russia.