Russian Consul Research Articles

The Occupation Fund Documents: A Reassessment of "A Crude and Ignorant Forgery"

A collection of two hundred and forty-one highly incriminating documents which expose Russian policy during the critical decade of the eighteen-eighties was originally published in Bulgaria in 1892 by D. Petkov under the title, The Occupation Fund. The documents are best known to Western scholars in the French and German translations of R. Leonoff, entitled Documents secrets de la politique russe en orient, 1881-1890, and Geheime Dokumente der russischen Orient-Politik, 1881-1890 respectively. Since they were allegedly stolen from the secret archives of the Russian consulates in Bulgaria and Rumania by a former Russian official, Mikhail Jakobson, the group is frequently referred to as the Jakobson collection. The Documents secrets created a great sensation in their day, were denounced as forgeries by the tsarist Government and historians, and have remained a controversial collection ever since their publication. The October 1953 issue of The American Slavic and East European Review contains an article by Charles and Barbara Jelavich entitled “The Occupation Fund Documents: a Diplomatic Forgery.”

The Prelude to Outer Mongolian Independence

I[SCONTENT was already prevalent in Outer Mongolia when the Chinese Revolution of i9I i allowed the Mongols make a bid independence; but situated as they were, they had consider dependence on as well as independence of China. Times of crisis had already emphasized this necessity. In i905, during the Russo-Japanese War, the Mongols had applied the Russian consul at Urga for advice and protection, and in i910 the Khutukhtu or Living Buddha of Urga again appealed Russia, at a time when reforms planned in Peking, including a colonization project in Outer Mongolia, had been rejected by an assembly of Outer Mongolian princes. This resulted in a formal request, even before the movement independence, a Russian protectorate.' Soviet commentators have attributed the tendencies of this period the work of Tsarist agents,2 and it is true that some of the Russian officials working in Mongolia favored a strong policy. Sazonov, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, believed however that Russia must be a European and not an Asiatic power,3 and should not wish to increase its burdens along its long southern frontier.4 He was against a protectorate over Outer Mongolia, and believed the idea of annexing it positively insane.5 In fact the

Hanawi v. Credit Lyonnais.

Capitulations — Subjects of States under a Non-Recognised Government — Subjects of Soviet Russia in Egypt.Recognition of Acts of Foreign States and Governments — Unrecognised Governments — Non-Recognition of Soviet Government — Russian Consulates of Old Régime in Egypt — Jurisdiction in Matters of Personal Status of Russians — Consular Certificates.

The Religious Revolution in Russia

Essay| April 01 1920 The Religious Revolution in Russia Peter J. Popoff* Peter J. Popoff* *The author of these lines studied theology the Varonesh Clerical Seminary and, as a senior student, he was bound to preach In churches of Varonesh. The character of life of the local clergy and monks In particular forced him to give up his studies for the priesthood. Thus, instead of the Clerical Academy, he entered the Imperial Medical Academy of St. Petersburg. On account of his liberal political views he was compelled to leave Russia and emigrate to the United States (1871). He finished his studies in the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York (1875). Later on, for fifteen years he was Secretary to the Russian Consulate General, New York. An American citizen, he went to Russia (1895) and stayed there for nine years as Director of an American life insurance company. In 1914 he returned to America. His special studies and his long connection with the Russian official and unofficial world afforded him unusual facilities for observation of Russian conditions. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1920) 12 (1): 94–97. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1920.12.1.94 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Peter J. Popoff*; The Religious Revolution in Russia. Current History 1 April 1920; 12 (1): 94–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1920.12.1.94 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1920 by The Regents of the University of California1920 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.