Russian Academy Research Articles

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЛИСТОВОЙ МАССЫ CELASTRUS ORBICULATUS THUNB. (CELASTRACEAE) В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОГО РЕГИОНА

The genus Celastrus L. includes about 35 species of deciduous or evergreen climbing shrubs, most often large lianas with alternate leaf arrangement. Bittersweets grow in Australia, Madagascar, America, as well as East and Southeast Asia, including the Russian Far East. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. – one of the most popular types of bittersweets, widely used in Russia, including the Moscow Region, for vertical gardening. In addition to being decorative, some parts of the plant are edible and potentially medicinal. The currently available data on the leaf productivity of C. orbiculatus plants is not enough for a comprehensive assessment of the correspondding plant material, as well as its implementation in practice, primarily due to the lack of information on the size and weight characteristics of shoots and leaves. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the productivity of the leaf mass of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. in the conditions of the Moscow Region. The objects of study are 20 one-year-old highly elongated shoots of the liana C. orbiculatus from the arboretum of Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences. Weighing and measuring the length and width of leaves from each shoot (17–46 leaves, 32 on average) were carried out, starting from the top leaf. It was established that C. orbiculatus has highly variable sizes (5.27±0.14 × 3.52±0.11 cm) and weight (0.19±0.01 g, up to 0.30±0.02 g ) leaves of typical shape. Despite the fact that the leaves do not reach their maximum length, as in natural conditions, C. orbiculatus successfully grows in the conditions of the Moscow Region, being distinguished by high leaf productivity.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МОРФОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ЗВЕРОБОЯ ПЯТНИСТОГО В КУЛЬТУРЕ IN VITRO

The purpose of research is to increase the efficiency of microclonal propagation of Hypericum maculatum by direct organogenesis by selecting the concentration of phytohormones and identifying morphogenetic features of the development of microshoots depending on the duration of cultivation. The objects of study were H. maculatum seeds collected from plants in the scientific collection of the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Preparation, sterilization of nutrient media, tools and seeds was carried out according to accepted recommendations. The data obtained indicate the possibility of growing this species of Hypericum in vitro culture on the Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) with the addition of phytohormones at a certain concentration. Direct morphogenesis was obtained using seedlings without roots at the age of eighteen days. It has been shown that during five passages, a high multiplication factor of explants with a maximum height of emerging microshoots is maintained: the height of shoots reached the highest values by the end of the second passage and continued to be maintained during the third to fifth passages; growth and development slowed down in the sixth passage. It was found that the introduction of low concentrations of 6-BAP (0.1 ml/l) with IAA (0.1 ml/l) into the MS nutrient medium contributed to minimal budding with a maximum yield of morphologically normal shoots (up to 46 shoots) without the need for a phase elongation. At a high concentration of BAP (1 mg/l), a green callus was formed over the entire surface of the seedling, followed by the formation of shoots. As a result of research, an effective scheme of microclonal reproduction of H. maculatum by direct organogenesis was developed and the duration of cultivation of explants was revealed, which makes it possible to obtain the largest number of microplants.

Carbohydrate and mineral metabolism in romanov sheep in Western Siberia

The article presents information regarding the metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals in Romanov sheep in the Kemerovo region. The correlations among macro elements and carbohydrate metabolism indices and heavy metal levels in organs and tissues were ascertained. We determined the average content, variability and reference intervals of glucose, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase and macro elements in blood serum. We investigated the relationship between these indices and heavy metal levels in sheep organs and tissues. In the Romanov sheep breeding zone, heavy metal content was analyzed in soil, water, and feed and did not exceed the MAC. The determination of the content of macroand microelements was carried out in the laboratory of isotopegeochemical methods of analysis at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by atomic emission spectrometry employing the NSAM analysis technique No. 450-S. The level of blood serum glucose is 6.0 mmol/l, the amylase is 104.0 U/l, and the lactate dehydrogenase is 1086 U/l. The order of macro elements in serum is as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg in accordance with 90 : 7 : 4 : 3.4 : 1. The concentration of K in the blood exhibits a significant correlation with Zn in the spleen (r = 0.507) and Cu in the testes (r = 0.535). Simultaneously, Na exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of Zn in the heart (r = -0.416) and Pb in the blood (r = −0.598). There was a high negative relationship between Ca in the blood and the frequency of chromosomal breaks (r = −0.752). The glucose level was negatively correlated with the concentration of Cu in the muscles (r = −0.414), Zn in the kidneys (r = −0.465), and Zn in the heart (r = −0.572), but its level was positively associated with Pb in the muscles (r = 0.568). The significance of the indicators of carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, as well as the correlations between the studied parameters, is evident in the comprehensive evaluation of the breeds phenopool.

Scientific Reports at the Bureau of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2024

Scientific Reports at the Bureau of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2024

The results of ecological variety testing of seed peas in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region

Field peas (Pisum sativum L.) are the most important leguminous crop for the northern regions of Russia, used for green cattle feed. The experience in the variety study of field peas was laid on the basis of N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021-2023, where the productivity and nutritional value of six new varieties of field peas of various origins were evaluated: Tyumenets, Frigate, Boar, Veles, Tan, Varys. The research was carried out according to the methodological guidelines “Methodology of the State Commission for Variety testing of agricultural crops”. Peas were grown in a single-species crop. The aim of the work was to evaluate varieties of seeded peas of various origins in terms of feed productivity and nutritional value and to identify the most adaptive to the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region. The growing season for the green mass varied from 36 to 41 days, the yield of the green mass from 17.9 to 35.5 t/ha. As a result of the conducted experience, precocious productive varieties of field peas with high biochemical parameters were identified – Veles, Wild Boar, Frigate, Tan. According to the main economically valuable characteristics, the Tan variety stood out. It has been established that it is effective to grow new varieties of field peas for green fodder in extreme climatic conditions.

НОВЫЙ СОРТ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ЗАРНИ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

Due to the aggravated situation in the world, our country has embarked on the path of import substitution, including in the field of agriculture. At present, the creation of domestic competitive varieties of agricultural crops has become an urgent task. The paper presents the material of selection work on the creation of a new variety of potatoes in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The purpose of the study is to evaluate, according to economically valuable traits, a new potato variety obtained as a result of joint breeding of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFRC UB RAS) and Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky (FARC of the North-East named after Rudnitsky). The object of the study is a promising potato variety Zarni (breeding number 10-06-2). Breeding evaluation of the variety in the UdmFRC UB RAS was carried out in the following nurseries: 2007 – nursery of hybrids of the first year; 2008 – nursery of hybrids of the second year; 2009 – kennel of preliminary testing; 2010 – the nursery of the main test; 2011–2013 – control nurseries of the 1st–3rd year of testing; 2014–2016 – area of selective reproduction. As a result of breeding work (2007–2016), a medium-early table potato variety was obtained. Tuber: color – yellow, flesh – yellow, eyes – small, shape – oval-rounded, surface – smooth. The variety forms the number of tubers per bush – 11–16 pieces, the average weight of a tuber is 70–120 g. Average yield for the period 2014–2016 amounted to 28.7 t/ha. Quality indicators: medium starch content, high vitamin C content, good taste, medium digestibility. It has resistance to major diseases and pests (potato cancer, golden potato nematode, late blight, common scab).

ВСХОЖЕСТЬ И ХАРАКТЕР ПРОРАСТАНИЯ СЕМЯН СОРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В СВЯЗИ С ИХ БИОМОРФОЙ

The purpose of research is to study the germinating ability and nature of germination of weed seeds in connection with their biomorph. The study was carried out in the Botanical Garden of the Institute for Biological Problems of Permafrost, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the in the neighborhood of Yakutsk city within Central Yakutia. The object of the study is the seeds of 38 weed species in the neighborhood of Yakutsk city. Seed collection was carried out in the phase of full maturity. Seeds were stored in paper bags at room temperature 18–24 °C. Seed germination conditions: temperature 22–24 °C and natural light. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes (diameter 9 cm), in 4 replications, 100 pieces each on filter paper without pretreatment. Germinated seeds were counted daily from the beginning to the end of germination. Seeds with high (70–100 %), medium (40–69 %), and low (1–39 %) laboratory germination were identified. The study of seed germination was carried out in two terms – freshly harvested and after 6 months of storage. Freshly harvested seeds were placed for germination on the day of collection. The study was carried out in accordance with standard methods for seed germination. Different biomorphs had their own character of seed germination. Annuals were characterized by delayed germination of freshly harvested seeds and rapid germination after 5–6 months of storage at room conditions. Biennials and taproots were characterized by high germination and rapid germination of both freshly harvested seeds and after storage. Short-rhizome and soddy plants were characterized by high seed germination and extended germination. Freshly harvested and stored seeds of long-rhizome plants began to germinate within the first week, the germination period is extended, laboratory germination is ambiguous. Freshly harvested seeds of rhizomatous grasses were at rest, the seeds began to germinate slowly and extended after storage, their germination rate was low. Germination of seeds of the only creeping species Potentilla anserina in the experiment was carried out according to the type of germination of seeds of annuals.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОГОДНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СУХОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА В ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЕ КЛЕВЕРА ЛУГОВОГО

The purpose of research is to study the influence of weather conditions in the Tyumen Region on the percentage of dry matter in the green mass of late-ripening varieties of red clover during the harvesting period. Observations were carried out on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals – a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015–2022 on plants of 12 late-ripening (single-cut) samples of red clover of the 1st year of use. Weather conditions in most years were warm with sufficient precipitation, dry conditions were observed only in 2021; the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of Selyaninov was 0.47–2.55. The date of resumption of vegetation was noted in the second decade of April, the cutting of green mass was carried out in the second decade of July. In 2015–2022 harvesting of green mass from varieties of red clover ranged from 17.9 to 62.5 t/ha, with a dry matter content in it from 20.4 to 37.1 % and a difference between the values by years from 0.8 to 13.3 %. There was a relationship between the value of the HTC and the ratio of fodder products in freshly harvested (green mass) and dry form (hay). With HTC values >2, the collection of green mass was 4.2–4.6 times higher than the yield of hay with HTC < 2, 3.0–3.4 times. The dry matter content of green mass under conditions of excessive moisture (HTC = 2.4–2.55) decreesed – 21.9–23.5 %, with a lack of moisture (HTC = 0.47–1.25) increased – 31.2–34.7 %, which was confirmed by a significant negative correlation (r = -0.753–0.965) between the dry matter content and the HTC for the season (April – July) for all varieties. The sum of active temperatures in April-May (r = 0.746–0.846 for 5 varieties) could also contribute to the increase in the dry matter content in the green mass, which indicated the importance of warmth during the spring regrowth.

Purifying tail gases of sulfur production units at GPPS and refineries. technical and economic aspects of technologies. Experience of the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS

The article provides a brief comparative review of various methods of tail gas treatment in sulfur production at Claus plants. The main directions for improving the quality of the treatment from the point of view of improving the environmental and economic indicators of the process are considered. The practical experience of the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the development of technologies for the treatment of tail gases of Claus installations is presented.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК ИЗ МОЛОК РЫБ И ГЛИЦЕРИНА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ФОРЕЛИ

In order to study the effect of newly developed feed additives from fish milt and glycerin on the indicators of productivity, quality and maturation rate of salmon gametes, a study was conducted on females of amber trout in the conditions of recirculating water supply plants in the peasant farm Azhogin Alexander Anatolyevich (the Rostov Region, Shakhty) in 2022. There were 50 fish in the control and 2 experimental groups. All groups used complete mixed feed for salmon fish produced by BISKO LLC (Bryukhovetsky District of the Krasnodar Region). In the experimental groups, the fish received an emulsion of milt with glycerin – a newly developed reproductive food to stimulate and optimize the maturation of gametes. The research results were processed biometrically according to N.A. Plokhinsky (1969) and G.F. Lakin (1990). The economic effect was calculated in accordance with the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2007). The inclusion of milt with glycerin in the ratio of 80 to 20 % in the amount of 2 % by weight of the feed into the complete feed for trout contributes to the absolute and relative productivity to the greatest extent, leads to an increase in fertility by 2.8 % (P<0.05) and a decrease the number of days to reach the 4th stage of maturity by 4.0 % (P<0.05) in comparison with the control; The use of additives from fish milk and glycerin in fish feeding makes it possible to increase the profitability of trout caviar production by 4.4–7.1 %.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

The purpose of research is to study the features of vegetative propagation by green cuttings of some varieties of small-flowered chrysanthemums. Tasks: determination of the coefficient of vegetative multiplication (CVR) and the degree of rooting of green cuttings, selection of varieties for industrial cultivation. The objects of study are 92 taxa of small-flowered chrysanthemum from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study was carried out in 2016–2022 on the basis of the laboratory of introduction and selection of flowering plants in a production greenhouse. Statistical processing of the data array was carried out using the MS Excel and Statistica 10 software packages. Three groups of varieties were identified in terms of CVR: difficult to propagate, or unproductive – CVR < 10 (‘Zolotoj Orfej’, ‘Svemba Kars’, ‘Elen’, etc.), medium productive – CVR 10–19 (‘Vechernie Ogni’, ‘Izabel’, ‘Kurochka Ryaba’, etc.), easily propagated, or highly productive, – CVR ≥ 20 (‘Varvara’, ‘Director Z.Kh. Shigapov’, ‘Professor L.M. Abramova’, etc.). Also, 3 groups of varieties were identified according to the rooting rate of green cuttings: with a low degree – < 60 % (‘Valli Ruf’, ‘Vi Villi’, ‘Listopad’, etc.), with an average degree – 60–85 % (‘Dina’, ‘Zlata, ‘Cygan, etc.), with a high degree of rooting – > 85 % (‘Volny Agideli’, ‘Doktor V.P. Putenihin’, ‘Mazurka’, etc.). Based on the totality of the studied parameters, 19 varieties were identified that can be recommended for industrial use.

Nicolai F. Mokshin on the Ethnic History of the Chuvash

This is the first time Professor Mokshin’s publications devoted to ethnic history of Chuvash people are analyzed. The article addresses various ethnonymic issues, historical and geographical works, as well as anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic and folkloric passages. The author of these lines recollects Nikolai Fyodorovich as an impetuous man, an uncompromising debater who knew how to raise a new point to clarify any dispute. Thus, so far, Academician M. N. Tikhomirov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was considered to have put an end to the discussion about whether the ‘Veda’ ethnonym had been applied to the Chuvash. However, N. F. Mokshin noted that there was actually an uncertainty in M. N. Tikhomirov’s observation. When M. N. Tikhomirov spoke of the Chuvash, he meant the Cheremis, the Vedas, or the Burtas. Therefore, N. F. Mokshin provided a clearer historiography of the identity of “the Veda = the Chuvash”. He also undertook expeditions to Mordovia, Chuvashia and the Gorky Region to find out how the ethnonym ‘Veda’ was used by the Mordovians. At the same time, he was the first to show that Mordovian names and surnames were derived from the word ‘veda’. It is probably no coincidence that it is among the Mordovians that one can find people with Chuvashov surname. N. F. Mokshin also wrote about the affinity of the peoples of the Volga and Urals regions in terms of their traditional practices and beliefs, insisting that the Bulgars and Suvars were two different peoples, not one. He used numerous facts to show the process of the Kypchakization of the Tatars and, consequently, the Tatarization of the Chuvash. N. F. Mokshin’s works are distinguished by their topicality and novelty.

Sergey Alexandrovich Tokarev and the Intellectual Landscape of Soviet Yakutia: A Historical and Hermeneutic Reconstruction

This article is devoted to the Yakut period in the biography of the famous scientist S. A. Tokarev. The Archive of the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences contains a corpus of a few ego-documents related to the period of collaboration between Professor Sergei A. Tokarev and the Yakut Institute (1935-1959), the personal fund of the repressed ethnographer and orientalist Gavriil V. Ksenofontov and the historian Vasilii N. Chemezov. The study employs the methodology of “new biographical history” (social personal history), through which the formation of S. A. Tokarev’s individual scientific strategy during the period of early Soviet society’s construction is traced. The intellectual biography is reconstructed in the historical and hermeneutic space of the studied era, which allows the authors to reveal the social context of the historical narrative in which S. A. Tokarev’s scientific worldview was formed. The new interpretation of the scientists’ biography highlights the moment when the academic northern studies commenced in Moscow and the development of regional ethnography in Siberia, while S. A. Tokarev was actively involved in the scientific discourse between the «center» and the «periphery» on both sides of the complex integration process.

The prevalence of arterial hypertension among the rural male population of 35–74 years old in the Novosibirsk region

Aim of the study was to investigate the main epidemiological characteristics of hypertension (HTN), as well as factors associated with HTN, in the male rural population of 35–74 years old in Novosibirsk. Material and methods. On the basis of the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2021–2023, a one–stage population study of the urban and rural population of the Novosibirsk region was conducted according to the protocol of the study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation. The third study”. A total of 1,800 people aged 35–74 years living in Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region were examined. The analysis included 305 men living in rural areas. Hypertension was considered detected if the measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) exceeded 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) exceeded 90 mm Hg and/or there was a fact of taking antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Awareness was calculated as the proportion of people who had previously been informed by a doctor about the presence of HTN. The effectiveness of treatment is understood as the proportion of people who have achieved blood pressure targets while taking AHT. The control is the proportion of people who reached the target values among all those surveyed with HTN. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS software package (version 13.0). Associations were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The critical significance level of the null hypothesis (p) was assumed to be 0.05. Results. Median SBP and DBP among the rural male population are 148.0 [136.0; 164.3] and 94.0 [86.5; 103.5] (median [lower quartile; upper quartile]) mmHg respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among the examined men was 88.2 %. 83.3 % of men are aware of the presence of HTN. Among men with HTN, AHT is taken by 64.7 %. The effectiveness of treatment among the examined men is 17.2 %, 11.9 % of men control the disease. The multiple regression model revealed a significant positive association of treatment failure with hypertriglyceridemia and alcohol intake and a negative association with fasting plasma glucose levels: an increase in treatment failure with a decrease in glycemia levels. Conclusions. The prevalence of HTN among the male rural population of the Novosibirsk region is higher in comparison with the average Russian level. While awareness of the presence of hypertension is high, treatment coverage is significantly lower. It was also found that the vast majority of those examined are treated ineffectively and do not achieve disease control.

The Gender Dimension of International Relations: South African Women in Leadership Positions in United Nations Structures

In the current conditions of confrontation with the West, Russia seeks to diversify its external relations, hence a growing attention it pays to such partners as African countries. Establishing effective cooperation requires deep knowledge of political elites, which is largely facilitated by the research of Russian Africanists, conducted primarily at the Institute of African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences as well as in other research centers - the Centre for African Studies of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Asian and African Countries of Moscow State University, MGIMO University, HSE University, IMEMO of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Oriental Faculty of St. Petersburg State University, etc. Among their areas of interest are such subjects as the study of female political elites, as well as the elites in multilateral institutions, primarily in the UN structures.Since the early 2000s, one of the main features of the formation of political leadership in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) has been the expansion of women’s representation in government bodies at all levels. Some of these women held leadership positions in various UN structures. This article uses functional and biographical research methods to analyze the activities of South African women who have been active in human rights issues, in the fight against hunger and HIV/AIDS at the national and international levels, at the UN and the African Union. This article’s research was centered at such prominent South African political figures as Mrs. N. Pillay, Mrs. P. Mlambo-Ngcuka, and Mrs. S. Sisulu. The author notes both their achievements in solving the above-mentioned contemporary problems and the difficulties they encountered in their activities.Special attention is paid to the attitude of South African women towards the issue of gender equality, which they consider a necessary condition for democratic development. At various multilateral venues, Mrs. N. Pillay, Mrs. P. Mlambo-Ngcuka, and Mrs. S. Sisulu advocated for the empowerment of women in all areas of political, economic, and public life, both while holding leadership positions in the UN and after completing their terms of office. The long-standing work of South African women at the UN in the fight for human rights, against hunger and HIV/AIDS and for gender equality demonstrates the possibility of women’s participation in solving contemporary problems at levels of utmost significance.

Hydroacoustic water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences

Hydroacoustic water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences

Thermally stratified water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences for modeling hydrophysical processes

Thermally stratified water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences for modeling hydrophysical processes

RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (DEPRESSION, OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY) AND THE ROLE OF FTO GENE POLYMORPHISM IN THEIR COMORBIDITY AMONG 25–34 YEAR-OLD INDIVIDUALS

HighlightsObesity and depression are a growing global public health problem affecting people of all ages and socioeconomic status. They are independently among the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In terms of biological mechanisms, genetic risk factors have been proposed as a potential factor associated with the comorbidity of depression and obesity. Significant correlations were found between the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene and both depression and overweight/obesity compared to non-depressed and normal weight A/T+T/T genotypes in young individuals. Our findings will provide a useful starting point for understanding the biological mechanism involved in the association between obesity and depression in the population.AbstractAim. To analyze the relationship between the rs9939609 T>A genotypes of the FTO gene, depression and overweight/obesity as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among young people aged 25–34 residing in Novosibirsk.Methods. The population-based study included Novosibirsk residents aged 25–34, the study was conducted in 2013–2016 within the framework of the research topic FWNR-2024-0002. 975 people (43.7% men, Caucasians) were screened, the response rate was 71%. Demographic and social data and anthropometry were collected. All study participants took the “MONICA-MOPSY” psychosocial questionnaire. Genotyping of the FTO gene polymorphism was carried out at the Research Institute of Therapeutic Microbiology and Microbiology, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk.Results. The distribution of the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene was higher in both the overweight (36.8%) and obese (45.6%) groups compared to the normal BMI group (17.5%). The distribution of the T/T genotypes was higher in the normal BMI group (51.6%) compared to the overweight (32%) and obese (16.4%) groups. The average BMI (body mass index) values were higher among carriers of the A/A genotype (30.4 ± 7.4 kg/m2) compared to carriers of the A/T (26.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2) and T/T (25.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2) genotypes (p < 0.001). The average depression scores were higher among carriers of the A/A genotype 4.4 ± 2.6, compared to carriers of the A/T genotype 3.1 ± 2.2 and T/T 2.9 ± 2.0 (p < 0.001). Carriage of the A/A genotype of the FTO gene was a predictor of both depression (OR = 3.267; 95% CI 1.770–6.030; p < 0.001) and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.208; 95% CI 1.228–9.777; p < 0.001) compared to carriers of the A/T+T/T genotypes without depression and with normal body weight.Conclusion. The results established the role of the A/A rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene in the comorbidity of depression and obesity.

Digital copy of the thermally stratified water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences

Digital copy of the thermally stratified water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences

Business activity in the Context of Western Sanctions and Turbulence in Russia’s Strategic Development

The article examines the trends in the development of the Russian economy in the period 2020 — April 2024. For this purpose, the Business Activity Index of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IE RAS Index) is used, the construction of which is based on monthly statistical data on basic areas of the economy. The results obtained are compared with the Index of output of goods and services by basic types of economic activity of Rosstat (Rosstat Index). Authors analyze the impact of business activity on economic growth in 2020–2021 during the coronavirus pandemic, aswell as in 2022–2024 during the special military operation in Donbas and Ukraine (SVO). It is noted that the structural restructuring that began in Russia under these conditions has become the main factor in accelerating strategic development. Business activity also had a strong impact on this process. As a result, the authors conclude that the IE RAS Index provides a more accurate estimate of gross domestic product than the Rosstat Index. This is an additional justification for its advantages, which should ensure its wider application both in the analysis of trends in the economic development of the state, and in the forecasting and analytical work of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and Rosstat.