Rural Tertiary Care Hospital Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding menstrual cup among reproductive women in a rural tertiary care Hospital

Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding menstrual cup among reproductive women in a rural tertiary care Hospital

SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy in a Rural Midwest All-delivery Cohort and Associated Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among pregnant patients at the time of delivery in a rural Midwest tertiary care hospital and to examine demographics, clinical factors, and maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. This prospective cohort study included all delivering patients between May 1 and September 22, 2020 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was performed. SARS-CoV-2 viral reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected from the electronic medical record. Data were analyzed using univariate statistical methods with clustering for multiple births. In total, 1,000 patients delivered between May 1 and September 22, 2020. Fifty-eight (5.8%) were SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive. Twenty-three also tested viral positive during pregnancy. Three of 1,000 (0.3%) were viral positive on admission but antibody negative. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26-33 years) and body mass index was 31.75 kg/m2 (IQR 27.7-37.5 kg/m2). The cesarean delivery rate was 34.0%. The study population was primarily white (71.6%); however, 41.0% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients identified as Black, 18.0% as Hispanic/Latino, 3.3% as Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and only 27.9% as White (p < 0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 infection was more likely in patients without private insurance (p = 0.0243). Adverse maternal and/or neonatal outcomes were not more likely in patients with evidence of infection during pregnancy. Two SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. There were no maternal deaths during the study period. In this largely rural Midwest population, 6.1% of delivering patients had evidence of past or current SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rates of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy were higher among racial and ethnic minorities and patients without private insurance. The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and their neonates were not found to be at increased risk for adverse outcomes. · SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate in pregnant population in Iowa is 5.8%.. · Infections are higher among minorities, non-English speakers, and patients without private insurance.. · No increased adverse maternal/neonatal outcomes observed for SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers..

A retrospective study on COVID-19 in a tertiary care rural hospital

A retrospective study on COVID-19 in a tertiary care rural hospital

Pregnancy outcomes and vertical transmission capability of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic females: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care rural hospital.

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading throughout the world along with its strange and frightening mutations, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a global pandemic.Objective:The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mother and newborn outcomes and the vertical transmission potential of this virus.Study Design:This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care dedicated COVID-19 hospital. A total of 40 pregnant females (RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2) and their 41 neonates (including stillbirths and a twin delivery) were included in the present study.Results:All the mothers in the study were SARS-CoV-2 positive on the RT-PCR test, but none had any COVID-19 symptoms (pneumonia-like fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, shortness of breath, and diarrhea). Out of 41 newborns, 38 (92.7%) were healthy, one (2.4%) was a stillbirth, and two newborns (4.9%) could not be revived. All the 41 (100.0%) neonates, including stillborn and preterm were negative for the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Twenty-Six neonates (63.4%) were delivered by caesarean section, whereas 15 cases (36.6%) had a normal vaginal delivery.Conclusion:The present study showed no suggestion of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant females. Therefore, the placenta might function as a barrier to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Also, there were no complications come upon during the delivery of any neonate in the present study.

Malassezia Species Distribution in Cases of Pityriasis Versicolor and Dandruff in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Pityriasis Versicolor (PV) a commonly encountered superficial mycosis is a mild, chronic infection of the stratum corneum. Malassezia species are lipid dependent yeast that are commonly found on human skin and associated with PV and dandruff. Aim: To study the distribution of Malassezia species in cases of PV and Dandruff. Materials and Methods: A tertiary care rural hospital based cross-sectional study was undertaken. Skin scrapings were collected and cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) overlaid with olive oil and modified Dixon agar (mDA). The isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 127 samples of PV, 38.2% were 10% KOH positive. A total of 76 yielded growth. The most common isolate was M.sympodialis (53.06%), followed by M.furfur (26.53%), M.globosa (16.33%) and M.slooffiae (4.08%). Of the 51 cases of dandruff cases, 27 samples yielded growth and the most common isolate was M.sympodialis (62.96%), followed by M.furfur (25.93%), M.globosa (11.11%). Conclusion: PV and dandruff are the common surface infections in this rural region and Malassezia sympodialis is the commonest species associated with these conditions.

Assessment of Self-care Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital: ACross Sectional Study

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one type of physiological hyperglycemic disorders. It is linked with a failure of the synthesis of sugars, fat, and proteins, contributing to medical complications like thinning, macro-vascular, and neuropathic disorders. It is linked with a failure of the synthesis of sugars, fat, and proteins, contributing to medical complications like thinning, macro-vascular, and neuropathic disorders. This research was designed to examine the self-management activities of patients with type 2 diabetes at Wardha city's tertiary care hospital. Material and methodology: The cross-sectional research was carried out in Wardha City's tertiary care rural hospital. The research was conducted using a simple research tool and this analysis involved 105 people, and data was gathered using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Result: It is observed that maximum male 62 (59.00%) and female 43 (41.00%) were in the study. Mostly age group of more than 60 years of age group (64.70%) Participants had followed satisfactory self care practices on diet. Conclusion: This study shows that practices of self care practices related to diabetic mellitus in patients were relatively good but health functionaries working in the periphery should conduct regular information education and communication activities for better adoption of all the self care activities of diabetes for all the seven days in a week for the reduction of diabetic complications.

Pediatric dermatophytosis of the skin: current clinico epidemiological and antifungal susceptibility patterns in a tertiary care rural hospital

Background: Dermatophytosis is a common infection seen in tropical countries like India. With the onset of the 21st century, cases of antifungal resistance in dermatophytoses began to emerge as a therapeutic challenge. While tinea capitis, the predominant presentation in pediatric age group, has been extensively studied, the current scientific literature lacks in articles that assess the antifungal susceptibility patterns in pediatric dermatophytosis particularly involving the skin. Objective: This study attempts to identify and assess the changing clinico-epidemiological trends in the profile of pediatric dermatophytosis involving the skin, and its antifungal susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects of 0–18 years of age with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis were evaluated with history, examination and followed by a potassium hydroxide wet mount. Skin scrapings were also taken for fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility test against 10 commonly used antifungal agents using Broth Microdilution method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 guidelines. Results: Trichophyton rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated. Recurrent dermatophytosis was seen in 20% subjects. Tinea corporis was the predominant presentation. Steroid-modified Tinea was observed in 33.33% cases. Based on in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing, terbinafine and luliconazole were found to be the most effective systemic and topical agents, respectively. Conclusion: The rampant use of over-the-counter medications containing topical steroids is a rising issue in the treatment of both adult and pediatric dermatophytosis. Education and counseling of patients are very important for correct treatment of the condition and also to prevent the rise of recurrent infections.

Ultrasound Diagnosed Disorders of Subacromial Shoulder Pain Patients: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital, Mewat, Haryana

Introduction: Shoulder pain is leading cause of disability and pain among musculoskeletal pain patients. Ultrasound is coming in a bigger way for diagnosis and management of subacromial pain due to its low cost, easy availability and accuracy in detecting soft tissues pathologies and for planning further treatment. Aim: To assess the role of diagnostic Ultrasound (US) in subacromial shoulder pathologies evaluation in shoulder pain patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on 98 patients who presented with subacromial shoulder pain. Diagnostic ultrasound examination was done and patients were categorised based upon underlying pathology and analysed in terms of frequency. Results: Most common ultrasound findings in subacromial shoulder pain patients were subacromial bursopathy 46 (46.93%) followed by Rotator cuff pathology including tear 38 (38.77%), mixed pathology 9 (9.18%) and Acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology 5 (5.10%). Isolated biceps pathology was not seen in our study rather biceps pathology along with other tendon and joint involvement was observed. Conclusion: The findings in the present study imply that diagnostic ultrasound of shoulder pain patients helps to stratify them into different categories for better understanding of underlying pathology and targeted treatment approach. Ultrasound shall be used as an outpatient primary diagnostic modality for evaluation of subacromial shoulder pain patients.

Polypharmacy and Drug Interactions Study on Diabetic Patients of Geriatric Age Group at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Polypharmacy and Drug Interactions Study on Diabetic Patients of Geriatric Age Group at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Seroprevalence and Clinical Profile of Scrub Typhus in Children in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India

Introduction: Rickettsial disease in children has shown an increasing trend in several parts of India over recent years. The clinical features and seroprevalence vary in different geographic areas. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence and clinical features of Scrub typhus in paediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted for a period of six months included all paediatric patients &lt;12 years of age with suspected scrub typhus infection. Serodiagnosis was done by performing Weil Felix (WF) on all serum samples. Clinical examination findings and other investigations were recorded from the medical case records. Statistical analysis of data was performed with Microsoft Excel. The significance of demographic and clinical features was determined by calculation of p-value by Fisher’s-exact test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. Results: Among 152 children satisfying the inclusion criteria, 60 (39.5%) had a titer ≥1:80 with OXK antigens in WF test and 92 children (60.5%) had a titre less than 1:80. Scrub typhus IgM Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive in 69 children (45.4%) and the rest were negative {n=83 (54.6%)} The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy of WF as compared to the Scrub typhus IgM ELISA were 71.01%, 86.75%, 81.67%, 78.26% and 79.61%, respectively. The commonest age group of children with scrub typhus was 1-4 years {n=30 (43.5%)}. Fifty three children (76.8%) presented with high grade and intermittent fever. The commonest clinical signs were hepatomegaly {n=51 (73.9%)} splenomegaly {n=37 (53.6 %)} and eschar {n=21 (30.4%)}. The most common laboratory findings were anaemia {n=44 (63.8%)} and thrombocytopenia {n=21 (30.4%)}. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of Scrub typhus in paediatric population was 45.4% (n=69). The eschar was present in 30% of the study group (n=21) and the most common clinical presentation was high grade intermittent fever with hepatosplenomegaly which are seen in other tropical infections as well. The laboratory plays a pivotal role with serodiagnosis by IgM ELISA, a necessity in confirming the diagnosis.

Open Method Versus Flap Closure in Pilonidal Sinus in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka- A Cohort Study

Introduction: Open excision is one of the simple surgical techniques for the correction of pilonidal sinus, in the recent times, the rhomboid excision with limberg flap is being practiced commonly due to increased patient’s satisfaction, reduced pain, etc. Aim: To assess the surgical outcome of open excision and rhomboid excision with limberg flap for the correction of pilonidal sinus. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cohort study was done among patients with pilonidal sinus requiring surgical treatment, in Department of Surgery in Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, B.G. Nagar, Bellur, Mandya District, Karnataka, India. The study was conducted during June 2018 to December 2019. Participants who underwent open excision were included in group A (n=40) and rhomboid excision with Limberg’s flap were included in group B (n=40). Patients were followed-up for a period of one month. The key outcome assessed were mean duration of surgery, pain during the first three postoperative days, time taken for discharge and return to work, complications and patients satisfaction. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Rhomboid excision with Limberg’s flap was found to be significantly better than open excision method in terms of pain, duration of hospital stay, time taken to return to profession, patient’s satisfaction and overall complications but there were no significant difference noted with respect to individual complication and duration of time taken for surgical procedure. Conclusion:RhomboidexcisionwithLimberg’sflapiscomparatively better than open excision.

Cross-sectional Study on MyocardialInfarction in Young Adults in an EmergencyDepartment of a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Davanagere,Karnataka, India

Introduction: The incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the young has been increasing globally. Research in this population has been limited in developed countries or urban areas in developing countries. Identifying the various epidemiologic features in this age group is crucial to understand the disease. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of young adults presenting with ACS in a rural tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with ACS. Data were collected from consecutive patients between the ages of 18 to 45 years diagnosed with ACS between January 2014 to January 2015 in the Emergency Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital in Davanagere, India. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, laboratory tests, and angiographic findings. Range, mean and percentages were calculated for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables. Results: The mean age was 38.1±5.8 years with male preponderance 46 (92%). Risk factors were smoking 36 (72%), diabetes 17 (34%), hypertension 6 (12%) and Body Mass Index (BMI) &gt;23 kg/m2, 36 (72%). Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (AWMI) was observed in 35 (70%) of subjects with angiography revealing Single Vessel Disease (SVD) 28 (56%), Double Vessel Disease (DVD) 5 (10%), Triple Vessel Disease (TVD) 3 (6%) and Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (MINOCA) 11 (22%). Three patients died during their course of treatment before initiating an interventional procedure. Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus and elevated BMI are associated with ACS among young patients. Interventions targeting these risk factors among younger individuals should be developed.

Cost analyses of hospital admissions among the elderly seeking care at a rural tertiary care hospital, South India.

Introduction:In a developing country like India, a proportionately higher number of elderly people live in the rural areas and many of them are financially challenged. Hospitalization and consequent cost thereto pose a heavy burden especially for the elderly.Objective:Among elderly in.patients at a tertiary care rural hospital to estimate the average number of episodes of hospitalizations, duration of stay in the hospital, and the direct and indirect costs associated with hospitalizations with 1 year as a reference period.Materials and Methods:A structured pre.tested questionnaire was used to capture the details regarding hospitalizations and the costs involved and also the hospital records were verified for the current hospital admission to finally arrive at the direct and indirect costs calculations. Quantitative details like age, episodes of hospitalization in the last 1 year, duration of hospitalization, hospitalization costs, etc., were summarized as median (inter.quartile range [IQR]). Costing analyses were noted separately as direct, indirect, and total costs and expressed in Indian National Rupees (INR).Results:The total number of episodes of hospitalization among the 150 study participants was 204 with a mean of 1.36 episodes per person in 1-year duration. The average total cost per episode of hospitalization was found to be INR 11,249 while the average total cost per person per day was INR 1,670.30. The median (IQR) direct and indirect costs were INR 6,222 (3,060-12,670) and INR 690 (200-700), respectively.Conclusion:Duration, as well as cost of hospitalization, has been found to be more among females in most age groups among elderly in.patients.

Awareness of the Principles of Endotracheal Tube Suctioning Among Critical Care Nurses Working in Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Awareness of the Principles of Endotracheal Tube Suctioning Among Critical Care Nurses Working in Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

A prospective review of maternal and perinatal outcome in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital

A prospective review of maternal and perinatal outcome in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital

Stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience in cancer patients on chemotherapy

Background: Cancer chemotherapy is an intense and cyclic treatment that is associated with a number of distressing side effects that may affect the person's psyche. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Consecutive cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care rural medical college hospital were included in the study with their consent. Patients having comorbid medical or psychiatric disorders were excluded. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Abbreviated Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered and scored as per the test manual. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software with t-test, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The study included 32 male and 68 female cancer patients on chemotherapy. Depression was found in 33 patients, anxiety was observed in ten patients while stress was present in three patients. Stress was positively correlated to anxiety and depression, while resilience was negatively correlated to depression. There were no gender differences in stress, anxiety, depression, or resilience. A multiple regression was run to predict depression from stress, anxiety, and resilience. These variables statistically significantly predicted depression, F (3,96) =55.075, P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.632. All three variables added statistically significantly to the prediction (P < 0.05). Conclusion: One-third of cancer patients on chemotherapy suffer from depression which is negatively correlated with resilience. Significant predictors of depression in these patients were stress, anxiety, and resilience. Psychiatric management in addition to reducing depression, stress, and anxiety should also aim to increase resilience in these patients.

Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus: A Study from a Rural Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Haryana

Introduction: Clindamycin is the most commonly prescribed Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin-B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat staphylococcal infections. It has excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Staphylococcus species shows either constitutive (MLSBc) or inducible (MLSBi) clindamycin resistance. Routine D-test recommended by Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI) can detect MLSBi phenotype and prevent treatment failure. Aim: To identify inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci in a rural teaching Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study. The clinical samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Staphylococcus isolates were identified based on their colony characteristics, gram stain and standard biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. To detect Methicillin resistance Cefoxitin disc (30 μg) was used. The isolates that were Erythromycin resistant and Clindamycin sensitive were further subjected to D test. CLSI 2019 guidelines were followed for performing the tests and its interpretation. Epi-info (version 7.2.3.1) Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia was used to analyse the data and interpretation of the results. Results: Total 150 Staphylococci were isolated from different samples. Staphylococcus aureus were 70% and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were 30%. Pus was the most common specimen from which 43% Staphylococci was isolated. Sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid were 100%. Staphylococcus aureus (38%) and CoNS (33%) were Methicillin resistant. Overall (63%) of staphylococcus isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The different susceptibility patterns to clindamycin in both Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS were noted. MLSBc phenotype was most prevalent (37.3%) followed by MS (13.4%) and MLSBi (12%) among erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolate. Sensitive (S) phenotype was detected in 56 (37%). MLSBi was more frequent in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (23%) and MRCoNS (27%) than in MSSA (5%) and MSCoNS (7%). Conclusion: D-test should be performed routinely to avoid false susceptible results leading to treatment failure.

Emerging crisis of multidrug-resistant enterococci from a rural tertiary care hospital of North India

INTRODUCTION: Enterococci are emerging as a major pathogen causing a variety of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections and community-acquired infections contributing significantly to patient's morbidity and mortality. The emergence of multidrug-resistant enterococci worsens the problem as multidrug resistance leaves fewer therapeutic options for clinicians in treating life-threatening infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational study carried out from March 2019 to February 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterococci was done by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, and results were interpreted as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2019. RESULTS: Multidrug-resistant enterococci were reported to be 62.7%. A variable antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was seen with different antibiotics. Majority of isolates were resistant to β-lactam (96.6%), and high-level aminoglycoside resistance was seen in 39% of isolates. Glycopeptide resistance was observed in teicoplanin (14.6%). No vancomycin and linezolid resistance was noted. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci was reported to be 63%; the resistance was more common in Enterococcus faecium as compared to Enterococcus faecalis. This study highlights the emergence of multidrug-resistant enterococci, especially to high-level aminoglycoside and glycopeptide which poses a serious therapeutic challenge.

Magnitude of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in patients of &gt;35 years of age presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the tertiary care hospital in rural Central India. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study done in a rural tertiary care hospital conducted for a period of 2 years from October 2016 to September 2018. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled all consecutive T2DM in patients aged ≥35 years in this cross-sectional study in rural hospital in central India. Free T4 and thyrotropin estimation have been done by chemiluminescence and the normal range considered was 0.7–1.8 ng/ml and 0.30–5.5 micron IU/ml respectively. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney test to compare means, proportions, and medians, respectively P &lt; 0.05 will be considered significant. We analyzed the data by STATA software (Version 16, Stata Corporation, Texas, USA). Results: The mean age of the study population (n = 174) was 57.7 ± 10.4 years and 61.5% were male and 51.7% had high body mass index. The magnitude of SCH was 7.5% among study participants with T2DM (9.3% in male and 4.5% in female). The magnitude of SCH was higher in the elderly age group, 9.2% in 61–80 years age group compared to 6.4% in 35–60 years age group. Conclusion: We concluded from this study that SCH is common in T2DM in our study setting. The prevalence of SCH increases with age, especially elderly female.

Evidence generation to guide policymaking for effective control of progress of diabetes mellitus

Background: Currently data on awareness and attitude of patients about diabetes in India is scanty which is extremely important to plan public health policies aimed at preventing and controlling diabetes. Objective: This study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to diabetes amongst patients coming to a rural tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a questionnaire based study. 112 diabetic patients above the age of 18 years were included in the study and were assessed regarding 3 domains - knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), about diabetes based on a structured, validated questionnaire. Each question was given a score, the maximum possible score being + 36 and minimum possible score being -18. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 50.91±8 years with the overall maximum KAP score of the subjects being 24 and minimum being -1, with mean score being 12.4. Conclusion: Although patients were knowledgeable and had a positive approach to a certain extent towards their disease, the same was not reflected in their daily practices towards diabetes mellitus. Policies and schemes targeted towards informing patients specifically regarding the complications of diabetes and significance of exercises in controlling diabetes and thus reducing progression to complications may lead to positive practices and aid in reducing morbidity due to type 2 diabetes.