Rural Territorial Communities Research Articles

Economic potential of farmers in providing the development of rural territorial communities

Introduction. Increasing the economic potential, in particular of farms, is one of the important problems of the current development of Ukraine. Taking into account Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, the urgent national task is not only to stabilize the economy, but also to ensure stable social development. In this context, the economic potential of farms should contribute to the development of rural territorial communities. The purpose of the paper is to analyze issues related to criminal responsibility for committing crimes during armed aggression in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is consists in substantiating the importance of the economic potential of farms in ensuring the stable development of rural territorial communities. Results. An economic analysis of the activities of Ukrainian farmers in the pre-war period was carried out and certain directions of the realization of reserves were identified. Attention is focused on the growth of the profitability of farms of the main types of production. It was determined that the reserves of increasing the potential can be an increase in the number of farms, an increase in the area of agricultural crops. Such problems of potential formation as significant damage or complete destruction of property, enlistment of men for military service, disruption of economic relations, insufficient budgetary support are singled out. Such proposals regarding the use of this potential in the context of ensuring the development of rural territorial communities as the development of strategic and current development programs, the introduction of new current technologies for the cultivation of types of agricultural products or animals, the organization of processing, in particular with the use of household raw materials, participation in joint innovative projects of farmers and territorial communities, community assistance to farmers in the purchase of their products to provide kindergartens, schools, and other social institutions, which will have a positive effect for both parties. Conclusions. For Ukraine, the economic potential of farms is an important factor in the development of rural territorial communities. The performed economic analysis of the functioning of these farms, the identified reserves made it possible to formulate reasoned proposals for increasing the economic potential, which will contribute to the stable development of rural areas.

Developing financial infrastructure of rural territorial communities in Ukraine through agribusiness entities' statutory payments to local budgets

The goal of this article is to analyse the legal regulation of administration (calculating and paying) of tax payments made by agribusiness entities which are different in organizational and legal terms to the local budgets of rural territorial communities and to make proposals concerning the possible measures for theoretical and legal and practical improvement, ways and methods of supporting the income part of rural local budgets in Ukraine. The methodological basis the system of philosophical (dialectic), general scientific (formal logic, analysis, and synthesis), and special scientific (historical and legal, comparative and legal, logical and systematic, and systematic and functional) methods. The research results are deemed successful as they have demonstrated that agribusiness entities play a significant role in contributing to local budgets. It has been proposed to grant the status of a local resident to taxpayers engaged in business activities on the territory of a rural community. A characterisation has been given to the composition of income of local budgets (tax base) by looking into the set number of national taxes which are passed to local budgets, local taxes, non-tax payments. The practical value of this research lies in a recommendation to rural self-government bodies to ensure the increase in the size of the tax base in their budgets by creating communal agribusiness entities undertaking production activities that will be making statutory payments to the local budget of rural territorial communities.

INVESTMENT COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of rural areas, the result of which is a sociological survey of rural residents. Rural communities are faced with insufficient funding for the development of territories, lack of investment, which prevents the modernization and development of infrastructure, the introduction of innovations in the rural economy. A favorable investment climate is decisive in increasing the attraction of investments in the country's economy, including in the development of rural areas. An analysis of direct foreign investments in the economy of Ukraine was carried out. The effectiveness of community management is determined by the effectiveness of the developed strategy for the development of rural territories, which is based on the use of the territory's potential with the state support of residents' initiatives and the active participation of local governments in creating incentives for balanced economic and social development of regions. On the base of the analysis of the problems of rural areas, ways of their development are proposed, one of which is the formation of an effective strategy aimed at the implementation of projects and the introduction of innovations using the financial and economic potential of the specific rural area. It was determined that the formed own strategy should be individual and special, since it is based on taking into account the priority interests and needs of a certain territorial community and using the economic potential of the rural area. The stages of developing a development strategy and evaluating the effectiveness of rural territorial communities are detailed An analysis of the world experience regarding the use of financial instruments for the stimulation and development of rural territorial communities in the regional system of the member states of the European Union was carried out. The main advantages of using financial tools for the development of communities and rural areas in Ukraine are given. Conclusions were made that the effectiveness of the state policy of supporting the development of rural areas will be evidenced by the activation of entrepreneurship in the countryside, the expansion of opportunities for self-realization of rural residents, including internally displaced persons, ensuring the financial capacity of communities, especially thanks to the activation of investment attraction. The use of public-private partnership (PPP) as an innovative financial instrument in the system of local self-government is proposed, which will contribute to meeting the needs of rural territorial communities through the attraction of additional financial resources for the development of infrastructure facilities in the rural area with simultaneous control over them.

Ukraine’s rural areas in the conditions of decentralization and local self-government reform: challenges and prospects

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the state, identify the main challenges and risks affecting rural development in Ukraine, and assess their influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of rural territorial communities in the conditions of power decentralization and self-government reform.
 Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach to the study of the investigated phenomena and processes and the dialectical method of cognition, as well as general scientific and special methods. In order to assess the state and trends of rural development in Ukraine, economic and statistical methods were used in analytical studies (comparative analysis to compare the results obtained in certain years, average and relative values, trend analysis, index analysis, etc.). This was done to establish certain relationships, such as identity, similarity, or difference between characteristics and facts. To determine the influence of individual factors on the operational efficiency and financial capacity of territorial communities, multiple correlation and regression analysis was used. A number of abstract-logical techniques made it possible to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals.
 Results. Current conditions are analyzed and trends of rural development in Ukraine for 1990–2022 are determined. It was found that over the past 32 years, the socio-economic crisis in rural areas continues to worsen, which is manifested in declining employment rates, increasing unemployment, rising poverty, mass migration of peasants, deterioration of infrastructure and access to social services. The main challenges and problems of rural development have been identified and systematized by groups: socio-demographic, economic, environmental and nature protection, institutional, political. To assess the factors influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of territorial communities, a multifactorial correlation and regression analysis was conducted. It was found that the level of capital expenditures is most affected by the fiscal return of the community territory per 1 inhabitant. 
 Originality / scientific novelty. The elements of scientific novelty consist in the introduction of a systematic approach to generalizing challenges and problems affecting the development of rural areas and communities, which were systematized by groups: socio-demographic, economic, environmental and nature protection, institutional, political. The scientific and methodological foundations of studying the socio-economic situation in Ukraine’s rural areas in terms of determining the factors and assessing their influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of rural territorial communities have been further developed.
 Practical value / implications. The identification of factors and their influence on the functioning effectiveness and financial capacity of rural territorial communities can be taken into account by state institutions when reviewing previously adopted documents and elaborating strategic plans for the restoration and development of Ukraine’s rural areas, taking into account internal threats and the long-term external aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine.

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

Rationale of Management Principles of Providing Sustainable Development of Rural Territorial Communities

The motivation of the research is to find the answer to why the reform of decentralization of government in Ukraine does not contribute to the sustainable development of the countryside and the peasantry. The objective of the article is to substantiate the managerial principles used to ensure sustainable development of rural territories based on the establishment of a village preservation model of the agrarian system in Ukraine. The article identifies basic features of rural development policy and management using various agrarian system models, in particular, the agricultural holding model, which is currently being implemented in Ukraine, and the village preservation model, which is proposed for implementation in order to preserve and revive rural life in Ukraine. The main achieved results include managerial principles of sustainable rural development in the village preservation model of the agricultural system.

Conceptual foundations for improving ecological and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities

This article is devoted to the conceptual framework for improving environmental and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities, the development of which is an urgent task in the context of constant changes in society and economy. The problem of the interrelation between economic development and environmental protection, as well as the issues of agricultural development and land use are considered. Rural territorial communities are key elements of the agricultural sector and country’s economy as a whole. Their development and effective management of resources require the application of conceptual foundations for the improvement of ecological and economic mechanisms. The article discusses the main approaches to the formation of environmental and economic mechanisms, including the conservation of natural resources, reduction of environmental impact and stimulation of the development of innovative technologies in land use. In particular, the role of innovations in preserving natural resources and reducing environmental impact is discussed, as well as the importance of creating incentives for the development of such technologies in rural communities. The article suggests ways to improve the efficiency of rural management and the development of local self-government. It emphasizes the need to increase the role of civil society in the decision-making process on rural development. In addition, the article addresses the issue of decentralization of rural management and the development of mechanisms that ensure balanced development of the territory and preserve natural resources. The paper identifies the need to develop an effective economic mechanism to support the development of rural communities. This involves the implementation of regulatory policies that stimulate the development of the agricultural sector and support rural communities. It is also important to provide adequate infrastructure for the development of agriculture and local businesses, including transportation, electricity, and Internet connections.

Location of small towns and rural settlements of Ukraine and new realities of the administrative- territorial system: contradictions and perspectives of mutual influences


 
 
 The article reveals the mutual influences of the geography of small towns (mistechka) and rural settlements in Ukraine and the system of administrative-territorial organization at the middle and lowest levels. Based on the statistical analysis, it was concluded that the location of very small cities, urban-type settlements (selyshchа miskoho typu) and villages is significantly differentiated by regions of Ukraine, taking into account the historical-geographical and natural-geographical prerequisites, the level of urbanization and industrialization, as well as differences in the demographic situation. The study proved that before the administrative reform, the small towns of Ukraine played an important role in the organization of the middle link of the administrative territorial system, being the centers of most districts, but as a result of the reform, their administrative importance in the district division became minimal. At the same time, almost half of the small towns became centres of united territorial communities. The author concludes that the loss of the status of medium-sized administrative units by towns could be compensated by transferring a significant part of the functions of regional authorities to new administrative districts, and most of the functions of former district centres to the centres of low-level territorial communities. For this purpose, it is necessary to create appropriate socio-economic conditions for the small towns-centres of new territorial communities to perform all the functions of serving the population of nearby settlements. It was concluded that such changes in administrative powers can ensure, in general, a shift in the weight of socio-economic life deep into the territory, which is necessary to overcome intra-regional disproportions in the development of the economy and the social sphere. The proposition that the structure of rural resettlement also influenced the territorial organization of local self-government in rural areas in different ways at all times was conceptually substantiated. The main socio-geographic parameters that used to determine and currently determine the structure of rural self-government are the density of the rural population, the average population, and the density of rural settlements. The study proved the presence of various regional variants of the combination of these indicators, which were also reflected in the geography of the centres in rural territorial communities. A positive consequence of the administrative reform was the strengthening of the financial base of rural communities, but at the same time, the administrative importance of many rural settlements of Ukraine decreased due to the loss of the status of rural council centres, and the distances between rural settlements and new administrative centres increased. As villages-community centres began to serve larger territories, if their infrastructural potential and economic base were strengthened, they could become new poles of socio-economic development in rural areas.
 
 

Decentralized model of financial and investment provision of nature protection and nature exploitation activities: specific formation in urban and rural territorial communities

It has been established that increasing the efficiency of solving the problems of improving the environment and the rational involvement of natural resources in the reproductive process depends on the formation of a decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities, which will make it possible to strengthen the investment focus of natural resource and environmental payments, which are concentrated in local budgets. It is substantiated that the key element of the decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities is the increase in the share of the transfer of environmental tax and rent and fees for the use of other natural resources to local government budgets with their further accumulation in special environmental funds. It has been proven that it is worth applying a differentiated approach to the formation of a decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities for urban and rural territorial communities, based on the significant gap between the size of the public financial potential in these categories of communities. It has been established that the formation of Environmental Protection Funds, where 100% of environmental tax, 30% of rent and fees for the use of other natural resources will be concentrated, should be the main link of the decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities in urban territorial communities. 10% of the net profit of utilities. Making informed decisions about land use in both urban and rural territorial communities requires appropriate information support. It is substantiated that additional sources of filling the Environmental Protection Funds of urban territorial communities should be considered the receipt of funds accumulated in connection with the emission of green bonds of a local loan, the implementation of public-private partnership agreements, the participation of local governments in the implementation of grant programs, the receipt of financial assistance from international environmental protection organizations and governments of foreign countries. It was established that in rural territorial communities, the dominant role in financial and investment provision of solving environmental problems should remain at the oblast level of local self-government and regional executive power.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВІДНОСИН З РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ ДЛЯ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

The article examines the legal foundations of the organizational and management doctrine of the implementation of infrastructure projects, in the concept of state policy for the development of rural territorial communities. The theoretical-categorical apparatus of the studied relations is characterized and the author's definition of the category "infrastructure project" is given as a task formed to meet the needs of the whole society or part of it, and the means of implementing such a task are determined using specific forms, methods and processes that ensure the achievement of the desired economic, technical , technological or organizational result, as well as contribute to the normal functioning, reproduction and development of the economic, social, ecological and other spheres of life of the entire state or a separate territorial community. Attention is drawn to a number of general legislative and normative legal acts that regulate the basic principles of entrepreneurial activity and cooperation between state authorities, local self-government and private partners are defined. A more detailed analysis of the Regulations on the State Agency for Infrastructure Projects of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine" and "On Public-Private Partnership" that regulate the legal relations of the implementation of infrastructure projects, as well as the powers of the state and local self-government bodies of territorial communities in such a process was carried out , subjects of private entrepreneurial initiative, in particular agricultural producers. A generalization was made regarding the ways to solve the problems of implementing infrastructure projects for rural territorial communities by ensuring coordination and taking into account the mutual interests of the state, business structures and citizens in the implementation of joint innovation and investment projects, targeted industry programs, etc. It is suggested that, for the successful implementation of infrastructure projects of the post-war reconstruction of our country, the current legislation should be improved and a separate law should be developed, which would directly regulate the implementation of infrastructure projects in rural regions.

Institutional bases for strengthening the influence of the agro-industrial sector on the development of rural areas of Ukraine

The article identifies the role of agriculture as the foundation of economic development of rural areas. The development and implementation of significant institutional changes in the functioning of agro-industrial production and the development of the rural areas became extremely relevant during the military operations on the territory of our state and will be one of the main tasks of the country’s post-war reconstruction. There is a need for changes in the regulatory and legal field, the use of support tools both at the state and regional levels, the formation of institutions contributing to the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine as the main component of the national economy, which provides the appropriate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, and also forms its significant export potential. The main ways of improvement of the institutional sphere of development of rural territorial communities with agro-industrial enterprises are indicated. In many regions with agro-industrial specialization, which have been occupied, the restoration of their ecological, economic, and social capabilities should be redefined, and such restoration should be directed at the creation of a new type of agro-industrial formations in the rural areas, taking into account new values and motivations. For the rural territories of the regions of Ukraine, the agro-industrial sector is dominant. Its condition depends not only on the efficiency of the regional economy but also on the social condition of the rural population. To support the agricultural sector of rural areas, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for increasing the level of competitiveness of domestic market entities. It is necessary to achieve the maximum convergence of legislation with European counterparts, improve antimonopoly regulation, solve the issue of the development of rural areas and environmental problems that we are currently facing, strengthen the protection of property, stimulate the development of consulting and service cooperation, and introduce more effective measures to protect the domestic manufacturer and an improved system of product quality control. The article suggests a mechanism for the development of the agricultural sector as the basis of the economy of rural areas, the implementation of which is based on integration, innovation, and investment.

Conceptual basis of providing income for the rural population of Ukraine in post-war conditions

Formulation of the problem. Military actions on the territory of Ukraine significantly affect the entire social structure of Ukraine. It is obvious that the war has a negative impact on the incomes of the entire population, particularly those living in rural areas. It should be noted that the standard of living of the population, including the rural population, is the main social criterion for the development of any country in the realities of the 21st century. It was found that the average incomes of the rural population of Ukraine are among the lowest in Europe, which makes their constant growth inevitable. In this context, the author sets himself the task of outlining the problem of ensuring a constant increase in the incomes of the rural population after the end of the war. It is planned to be implemented with the formation of relevant conceptual provisions. Analysis of recent research and publications. When performing this research, the works of foreign and Ukrainian scientists on the mentioned issues were comprehensively analyzed. According to the analysis of the research work of Bevir M., Rhodes R. The essence of distinctive interpretive theory and its aspects of possible application were clarified. Dyer C., Rose P substantiated the dependence of income on strengthening the capacity of local authorities. Ukrainian researchers Petrovskyi P., Matviyshyn E., Gogol T., Melnychuk L., Popok A., Gordienko L. analyzed various aspects of income and proposed appropriate theoretical constructions and practical mechanisms for their provision. Distinguishing previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. Taking into account the military situation in Ukraine, it is quite difficult to carry out predictive studies of the post-war situation, therefore, individual problems of securing these revenues in the future period are only partially covered. Thus, the issues of formation of the theoretical basis of income, the role of territorial communities in increasing the population’s capabilities are understudied. That is why the proposed study highlights the conceptual foundations of ensuring the incomes of rural residents. Presentation of the main material of the study. The article outlines the main problems of Ukrainian social development caused by Russia’s military aggression. The study presents a comparison of the incomes of the rural population of certain EU countries and Ukraine, where it was found that they are significantly lower in Ukraine. This actualizes the problems of the research and makes it necessary to find possible ways to increase these revenues. The corresponding principles of forming the conceptual foundations of such an increase have been determined. Taking into account the expediency of using theoretical constructions regarding the formation of these incomes, five components were developed. These components reveal the essence of conceptual foundations. The need to take into account the historical aspect of economic science is especially emphasized. This is due to the fact that the development of the social system should be based on previous achievements. At the same time, previous achievements undergo changes. It is concluded that previous scientific developments are an important methodological toolkit, which can now be used with some adaptation. The existing legal acts were evaluated in terms of their reality of use to ensure the growth of the income level of the rural population. The need to take into account the directions of social development with an orientation towards the European vector was especially noted. It was emphasized that there is no alternative to the implementation of attracting additional sources of financing and the priority of economic programs for the dynamic development of rural territorial communities, which will be the basis of ensuring the mentioned incomes. The mechanisms of involving researchers of various fields of knowledge in the formation of national, regional and local programs for the development of rural areas are substantiated. It is recommended to take into account the peculiarities of post-war development, economic, demographic and social conditions of a specific territorial community. The informational assistance of competent and interested structures has been identified as a significant lever for increasing these revenues Conclusions. Argued conclusion about the necessity of applying the proposed conceptual foundations of ensuring the incomes of the rural population in post-war conditions. The proposals relate to directions and mechanisms for the implementation of these foundations. The priority of the participation of Ukrainian scientists in the development of these conceptual foundations is emphasized

Public administration of employment of the population of rural territories under the conditions of marital state and post-war reconstruction

The scientific study highlights the general situation that has developed under martial law, namely mass migration of the population, reduction of the economically active population, reduction of labor and educational potential, significant civilian casualties, and an increase in the number of people with disabilities and psycho-emotional disorders. Attention is focused on the importance of the effectiveness of public policy in solving issues of promoting employment of the population, creating jobs, promoting self-employment and the development of entrepreneurship. The activities of local self-government bodies, namely, united territorial communities, regarding the solution of urgent issues regarding their functioning in new conditions, and especially meeting the needs of the army, accommodation of relocated enterprises, life support for internally displaced persons, formation and distribution of humanitarian aid, etc., were considered. The need to replace the passive measures of the state employment policy with active ones has been proven, namely, assistance in promoting employment through retraining, opening one’s own business, training, etc. It is substantiated that the development of employment in rural areas is possible through the support of non-agricultural activities, provided that there are no other agricultural areas of employment in the settlement. The advantages and disadvantages of the government program for the relocation of enterprises, the “eRobota” project, are considered, and the attention is focused on the effects of these programs both for the territory of the country as a whole and for rural territorial communities in particular. A method of solving the problem of agrarians regarding the disruption of logistics processes and transport connections by creating agro-logistics hubs is given. It is proposed to create multifunctional cooperative and communal procurement and sales points to support rural entrepreneurship and self-employment.

Дотаційність бюджетів територіальних громад як фінансовий механізм інклюзивного сільського розвитку

Equalising the financial capacity of different settlements and territories was in the spotlight of the state authorities at all stages of development. In the context of decentralisation and focusing on goal achievement of sustainable, inclusive development, the principles of horizontal equalisation of the tax capacity of territories were changed, and a new model of budgetary relations was introduced. The article analysed the results of the new model implementation, investigated the transfer dependence of local budgets with centres in villages, towns, and cities, and considered subsidies as a mechanism for inclusive rural development. It was determined that due to financial decentralisation and strengthening of the fiscal capacity of communities through increased tax revenue by an average of 27%, the share of subsidised local budgets decreased from 95% in the pre-reform period to 75% in 2021. It is estimated that rural territorial communities are the most transfer-dependent, and among the recipients of the basic subsidy as a tool to support the territory`s fiscal capacity, their share is 45,3 %; among township communities – 31%; and among urban communities – 21,9 %. It is substantiated that the lack of financial resources and significant dependence on central budget support is due to the weak rural labour market and the predominance of informal employment (employment without taxes). And the dispersed rural settlement network, the higher cost of services per capita, the long-term decline of infrastructure and, accordingly, the higher cost of its restoration, requires additional subventions to maintain the multifunctionality of rural areas. This underlines the need to introduce special mechanisms of financial support for villages, considering the shortcomings of previous year’s subsidies. Using the example of infrastructure subvention of territorial communities, the amount of which depended on the number of the rural population, proved that the distribution of funds is inconsistent with the principles of inclusion. Further research will focus on the financial resources of communities and the development of mechanisms for equitable distribution and use among all settlement units to enhance the inclusiveness of rural development. The new challenges caused by russian federation’s war against Ukraine will require the development of updated methods of state financial support for territorial communities. It will be based on a realistic estimate of the number of people living in communities at the end of the war, the value of destroyed and damaged property, etc. In the short term, local self-government bodies will prioritise efforts for rapid and qualitative recovery, redefining community development strategies with stronger inclusiveness and realistically estimating the number of people for whom and with the help of which the development of the country will take place.

Administration and management of the social component of scientific and educational activities in agrarian universities

The subject of the study is to highlight the socio-economic significance of the social component of student training and teachers' activities as competitive participants in the labor market, educational space, highly qualified and patriotic potential of the Ukrainian nation. The purpose of the article is to identify new opportunities for strengthening the social components of training and increasing the competitiveness of future specialists in agricultural universities and their implementation by means of management and administration. The methodological basis of the article is historical, monographic, dialectical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical-economic methods. Results of the article. It was determined that social components can and should be strengthened in the process of professional training of students (responsibility for one's actions in relation to future subordinates, colleagues, partners, consumers, business and environmental ecology; patriotism; educated and intelligent behavior, empathy for others; love for nature as factor of competitive agricultural activity, etc.); industrial and educational and industrial practices (advisory, professional and digital, etc. assistance to rural territorial communities, individuals, enterprises); in the development of student self-government; cultural-mass and socially useful work at the university (participation in cultural-artistic and social events at various levels of organization and management – clubs, competitions, trainings, field days, round tables, Olympiads, presentations, etc.); in the organization of student leisure, food and sports; in ensuring the personal growth of each teacher and student; in the form of volunteer activities of teachers and students; in the process of interaction of the university with local and state authorities, etc. Collectively, these directions can be characterized as the social responsibility of universities and their management and administration. Field of application of results. The results of the article can be used by agricultural universities, public organizations, students, graduate students, teachers; bodies of local self-government and management of rural territorial communities. Conclusions. Therefore, the social components of training students of agricultural universities as future competitive specialists in the labor market are of great importance. We have determined a clear periodization of social work in time (before the war (with the exception of the times of the pandemic), during the war, after it); by locations of conduct (intra-university, external environment, combined events); by subjects of influence, functions, mission - among students, for students, by the forces of students; terms of implementation - permanent, periodic, one-time measures; regarding the educational process and methods of implementation - as part of educational programs, special in additional time, combined, etc. In modern conditions, along with traditional and established social measures, strategic priorities include: administration and provision of healthy nutrition and physical culture and sports for students; support of rural communities by students, including during educational and industrial and complex industrial and pre-diploma practices. It is also development on the basis of social responsibility of teachers and students of volunteer activities. Finally, it is constant support for constant personal growth, self-education, self-improvement, development of an active civic position, including through participation in student and local self-government bodies.

THE NEED AND POSSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF THE PROCESSES OF REPRODUCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TERRITORIAL DECENTRALIZATION

Introduction Since the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, a deterioration of the demographic situation has been observed in Ukraine. The permanent natural reduction in the number of people, the consequences of the pandemic, the mass displacement of the population as a result of Russian aggression led to a decrease in the population's employment, an increase in unemployment, a decrease in the standard of living, and an increase in inflationary processes. The mentioned processes actualized the problem of reproduction of human resources, which requires the implementation of measures to stop the processes of decreasing birth rates and increasing mortality rates, especially in rural territorial communities. The reform of the administrative system, carried out since 2015 through territorial decentralization, allows the processes of reproduction of human resources to be analyzed at the micro level, to investigate the trends of natural, mechanical and economic movement of the villagers, to assess the modern capabilities of local self-government bodies to prevent the development of negative processes in the reproduction of an economically active population. The purpose of the article. To investigate the role of territorial decentralization in overcoming crisis phenomena in the reproduction of human resources of Ukraine and to highlight the possibilities of local self-government bodies in preventing the processes of depopulation of the population on the example of rural territorial communities. Research methods: statistical, sociological, grapho-analytical, comparative, method of analysis and synthesis. Research results: Assessment of the demographic situation in the villages of territorial communities. Determining the trends of natural and mechanical movement of the rural population, establishing the main problems of the formation of human resources, employment of the rural population, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of the modern labor market in the conditions of Russian aggression and ways to overcome unemployment in rural areas. Keywords: territorial community, territorial decentralization, reproduction of human resources, economically active population, balancing supply and demand for labor force.

Перспективи комплексного розвитку сільських територій

Abstract. Introduction. In the conditions of modern challenges and threats, ensuring the integrated development of rural areas, aimed at creating jobs, improving infrastructure and living conditions of the rural population, is a strategic goal under the conditions of partnership of community members, businesses and local government bodies. Comprehensive development of rural areas aimed at stable development of agricultural production, improvement of living and working conditions of the rural population, preservation of the natural environment is a major component in the development of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. Purpose. Formulated and substantiated scientific provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations are the basis of increasing the effectiveness of the functioning of rural territorial communities based on the complexity of economic, social, ecological and institutional development. Results. It was determined that the comprehensive development of rural areas is a process of stable functioning of rural territorial communities through ensuring the effective development of economic, social, ecological, settlement components based on the use of local resources (labor, land, water, forest, mineral, etc.). It was established that the main directions of ensuring the development of rural areas are the development of agricultural production, the organization of enterprises for the processing of agricultural products and local raw materials, and the production of food products, biofuel, building materials, etc. Agricultural service cooperatives should become important elements of the rural economy. Indicators of the effectiveness of integrated development of rural areas can be: increase in the efficiency of agricultural production; diversification of the rural economy; food security of the country; natural growth of the rural population; raising the level and quality of life in the countryside; improvement of soil fertility and ecological situation in rural territorial communities. Conclusions. The basis of the comprehensive multifunctional development of rural areas is the diversification and modernization of the rural economy, the development of non-agricultural activities that will qualitatively change the rural environment, expand the scope of employment as the main condition for the establishment of youth in the countryside and the preservation of the labor potential of rural territorial communities.

BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The crisis in the Ukrainian countryside and agriculture, which has been going on for years, causes a particular need to find ways to solve it. Balanced development of rural areas can occur mainly due to changes in the rural economy and taking a course to develop the service sector in villages and create new jobs. The condition for improvement is the self-organization of rural territorial communities to find the possibility of using available resources. As for rural areas, there are many ideas, programs, and projects to support ecological and socio-economic growth at the local scale. The article highlights the social, ecological, and economic aspects that characterize the development of rural areas in recent years and proposes ways of balanced development of rural areas based on the use of modern methods in the interaction of administrative, organizational, and legal support. The rural areas of Ukraine have powerful natural, human, production, and social potentials that can ensure competitive production, stable economic growth, and a high standard of living for the rural population. Balanced development of rural areas and solving the problems of the rural population are among the main conditions for the democratic development of society and its economic and social well-being. Therefore, it should become a priority direction of the development of our state.

Public Management of Employment at the Level of Territorial Communities in the Context of Ensuring the Development of Rural Areas

United territorial communities were formed by voluntary unification of adjacent territorial communities of villages, towns, and cities. The availability, working conditions, and the level and quality of life of the population of rural communities significantly affect the development possibilities of rural areas. Problematic issues are the growth of unemployment, the demographic crisis, the intensive outflow of young people from the countryside, etc. The primary issue for anti-crisis public administration in rural areas (at the level of rural territorial communities and rural districts) is ensuring employment and self-employment of the population, increasing the level of labor income of the rural population. The low capacity of the labor market in rural territorial communities determines the need for the population to find work outside their place of residence and, in this connection, the presence of significant financial costs. The introduction of new types of activities and areas of employment for residents of the rural community must meet the needs of the market and be economically feasible, because otherwise public policy measures to support such types of employment will have a short-term nature and insignificant results. The tools of the public employment policy are: unemployment benefits, insurance of the population against job loss; assistance in professional training and retraining of personnel, conducting advanced training courses, organization and regulation of labor exchanges, public employment services; regulation of the wage level, regularization of the dismissal of employees; subsidies and benefits from tax accounting for entrepreneurs, regarding the creation of new and preservation of old jobs. Public management of employment at the level of the territorial community should be aimed at ensuring the possibility of effective economic activity of the residents of the community. At the same time, they should receive sufficient financial support to motivate work. This requires: creation of procurement points with a wide range of products with the participation of territorial communities; combining them into a procurement network; active cooperation with public administration bodies; networks of procurement points to international supply chains; ensuring their access to foreign food markets.

Agricultural cooperation as a phenomenon of the market economy: problems of formation and development in the conditions of modern Ukraine

The study aims to substantiate the market priorities for developing agricultural cooperation in Ukraine in current socio-economic conditions. To achieve the set goal, the methodology of the agricultural economy and the theoretical principles of the neoclassical economic scientific school regarding the development of market mechanisms for stimulating various spheres of economic activity were used during the research. In addition, conceptual approaches proposed by representatives of institutionalism and developed along the lines of the paradigm of neoclassical synthesis were used to identify the priority directions for stimulating agricultural cooperation. At the same time, several general scientific and unique methods of scientific research were used: monographic, historical analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization, and comparative analysis. Scientific methods such as abstraction and generalization were used to summarize the research results and formulate the author's proposals. The historical aspects of the formation of cooperation in the agricultural sector of the world's developed countries were analyzed, which made it possible to single out the main factors of development and the mechanisms of the evolution of agricultural cooperatives. It was revealed that the main prerequisite for the unification of farms into cooperatives is the presence of open market competition, which encourages farmers to increase the efficiency of their business based on the reduction of transaction and production costs. Proposals have been formulated for Ukraine's state authorities and local self-governments to stimulate agricultural cooperation on a market basis. It is proposed to give priority to limiting the cartel influence of agricultural holdings, which will make it possible to increase the economic potential of farming as the main driving force of agricultural cooperation, as well as to normalize the institutional aspects of the functioning of cooperatives in the agrarian sector of the economy and related areas of economic activity to eliminate existing institutional barriers for the development of the cooperative movement in the countryside. The conceptual foundations of the formation and development of the market economy in agriculture have been developed. It has been proven that the actual development of agricultural cooperation is possible only in a civilized agricultural market and open competition between agricultural producers, which stimulates farms to join cooperatives to increase their efficiency and competitiveness. The market mechanisms of the development of cooperation in the agricultural sector of the economy are substantiated, which became the basis for the development of proposals regarding the priority areas of its activation in modern socio-economic conditions. The theoretical, methodological, and applied developments presented in the article aim to improve regulatory mechanisms to stimulate agricultural cooperation. The author's recommendations can be used both in the work of state authorities at the central and regional levels and in the activities of local self-government bodies of rural territorial communities in the conditions of deepening administrative-territorial reform and further decentralization of power.