Rural Social Security System Research Articles

Dilemma and Breakthrough:The Road of "Common Prosperity" in Rural Social Security

Achieving common prosperity for all people is an essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization. The development of rural social security is related to the realization process of Chinese-style modernization and the realization degree of common prosperity for all the people. While China wins the battle against poverty as scheduled, it must also make solid progress in achieving common prosperity. As an important measure to promote common prosperity, the task of improving the rural social security system is still the focus and difficulty. Practice shows that the construction of rural social security system is still inconsistent with the development concept and value goal of common prosperity. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen reform and timely adjustment to build the foundation of common prosperity and play its role in promoting common prosperity.

The problem and countermeasures of the failure of the rural social security system to reduce poverty

The rural social security system is not only a major livelihood issue related to China's rural population, but also an important basis for the sustainable development of rural economy. This article discusses the problem of the failure of the rural social security system to reduce poverty, in a field survey and interview in a village in North China, further analyze was carried out on the derivative path of poverty caused by social security policies, and it was found that the lack of social security policies, obstacles to policy implementation, negative response policies and so on, It makes the security level and poverty reduction ability of rural social security policy appear obvious deficiencies. Based on the analysis of this paper, the corresponding governance countermeasures are put forward. By strengthening poverty governance, improving the implementation environment of poverty governance, improving cognitive bias and improving the efficiency of poverty reduction.

Does land transfer help alleviate relative poverty in China? An analysis based on income and capability perspective

ABSTRACT By the end of 2020, China had achieved the goal of eradicating absolute poverty and entered an essential stage of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization. In the future, poverty governance will shift towards relative poverty. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database and the propensity score matching model, this paper empirically analyses the alleviating effect of land transfer on relative poverty among rural households. The results show that land transfer can effectively alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households, and the effect of transferring out land is greater than that of transferring in land. In the future, to improve the land transfer system and promote rural revitalization, it is necessary to actively establish a long-term financial poverty alleviation system in rural areas to ensure a stable income for households that transfer in land, strengthen the construction and regulation of the land transfer market, and further improve the rural social security system to provide comprehensive social security for migrant workers who move to cities and agricultural operators who stay in rural areas.

Cross-Cultural Evolution of China’s Rural Social Security System: A Global Comparison

China’s rural social security system has undergone a series of changes. This paper examines the construction of rural social security systems in the context of globalization, especially a comparative analysis of the Chinese model and global paradigms. The paper analyzes three development stages of the rural social security system and policies in China: the initial stage from 1949 to 1978, the early stage of reform and opening-up from 1978 to 2000, and the development in the new century from 2000 to the present. The article emphasizes the government-led characteristics of the Chinese model and its focus on basic medical care and elderly care, and points out deficiencies in unemployment security and disability welfare. This article provides a comprehensive perspective for understanding the evolution of China’s rural social security system and offers references for future reforms and improvements.

Research on the Security System of Social Assistance in Rural China

China's rural social assistance security system is a national system that meets the basic survival needs of the rural poor, safeguards their rights to survival, and helps them get out of the survival crisis. It is the last layer of safety net to maintain social stability, promote rural economic development, and guarantee the basic living for peasants. China's rural social assistance security system has gone through decades of the development from emergency relief to guaranteed assistance, and many experts and scholars have conducted in-depth research and discussions on it. On the basis of fully searching for domestic and foreign literature, systematic reading of literature content, careful analysis and screening of experts' views, this paper classifies and summarizes the views and discussion of experts and scholars, trying to reflect the development of China's rural social assistance security system and running status. It can make readers further study China's rural social security system, at the same time, providing a reference for other developing countries in the world to improve the progress of social security.

From survival goals to economic rationality: the determinants of farmer households' dual decision regarding land rental area

IntroductionLarge-scale land rentals are a fundamental way of realizing the moderate-scale operation and transformation of modern agriculture. As the suppliers and main demanders in the land rental market, the decision-making logic of farmer households determines the scale of land rentals. However, land rentals have been plagued by the prominent issues of farmer households' insufficient participation and fragmented rental transactions. It is importance and urgent to promote farmer households' participation in large-scale land rental market.MethodsBased on a sample of 4,815 farmer households from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database, this study applied Bivariate Tobit (Bi-Tobit) model to investigate the correlation between farmer households' decisions of rented-in and rented-out area, and analyzed the determinants and inherent logics of the decision making. Heterogeneity analysis was made to examine the difference in surplus and indebted farmer households.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the household rented-in area and the rented-out area. The land value had significantly positive effect on the rented-in area and the rented-out area. Household social security had a significantly positive effect on the rented-out area, but had no significant effect on the rented-in area. For indebted households, only social security significantly affected their decisions of rented-out area, while for surplus households, land value rather than social security became the significant determinant of rented-in and rented-out area.DiscussionFarmer households' land rented-in area and rented-out area have comprised a dual decision with a significant negative correlation. Facing the dual functions of creating economic value and providing social security of rural land, farmer households' decision-making logic of rented-in area is dominated by economic rationality, whereas that of rented-out area involves the coexistence of economic rationality and survival rationality. With the improvement of household income level, the dominant logic of the decisions of land rental area transformed from survival rationality to economic rationality. Policies should enhance the rural social security system to increase land rental area, especially by providing adequate social security for farmer households with a lower income level.

Research on land system reform based on improving rural social security

With the increase of the actual population in rural areas and the increase of the number of landless farmers caused by land acquisition in the process of urbanization, the function of land is increasingly transformed to bear the survival guarantee function of farmers. In order to ensure the equal distribution of land, China's rural areas implement the collective property right system, but there are many imperfections in the current land property right system, which deeply limits the rural land circulation and the formation of the land market. Based on a brief analysis of rural social security rights, this paper analyzes the social security functions and contradictions of rural land in China since the reform and opening up, and puts forward reform measures based on perfecting rural social security system. This paper holds that in order to find a way to develop rural social security suitable for China's national conditions, we must first correctly handle the relationship between rural land system and rural social security.

Impact of New Rural Pension Insurance on Farmers’ Agricultural Mechanization Service Inputs

The rural social security system is a crucial guarantee for the purpose of transforming agricultural production methods. This research assesses how the new rural pension insurance (NRPI) alters the farmers’ agricultural mechanization service (AMS) inputs. Using the 2016 and 2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the study observed that NRPI significantly increased farmers’ AMS inputs. Participation in the NRPI could increase AMS inputs by 18.6% and 13.2% for households with and without elderly farmers, respectively. Both grandchild care and labor off-farm transfer were significant in mediating the relationship between NRPI and AMS inputs with elderly farmers, accounting for 13.72% and 9.13% of inputs, respectively. Furthermore, for families without elderly farmers, the mechanism tests suggest that the crowding-out effect of labor off-farm transfer was a fundamental transmission mechanism for the NRPI to contribute to the increase in AMS inputs, with a proportion value of 15.41%. Additionally, the heterogeneity analysis demonstrated that for households with elderly farmers, the NRPI had a more evident effect on the AMS inputs of the farmers with grandchild care, as well as a low proportion of non-agricultural labor transfer and a high level of agricultural income. For households without elderly farmers, the NRPI’s promotion effect on the investment in AMS inputs was more significant when there was a low proportion of non-agricultural labor transfer and for farmers with low levels of agricultural income. The conclusion provides references for improving NRPI and promoting the promotion of AMS and sustainable agricultural development.

Farmland Transfer, Social Security, and Households' Productive Investment: Based on China's CFPS Survey.

The willingness of farmers to transfer land on a big scale will be impacted when the rural social security system is not ideal, which will limit households’ productive investment. This paper investigated the intermediate effects of social security on farmland transfer and productive investment by using zero-inflated models based on 4703 samples across China. Here are the findings: (1) Farmland transfer does not significantly impact productive investment without considering social society. (2) With the improvement in social security, farmland transfer significantly affects fixed investment but is not the same as households’ current investment. (3) Under the social security constraints, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between farmland transfer and current investment. (4) The partial effect of farmland transfer on fixed investment is significantly positive, and it shows a trend of rising volatility. The government should re-examine the expected effects of the farmland transfer policy and focus on the farmers’ worries about the future. Meanwhile, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the social security system and improve the multi-dimensional survival ability of farmers to give full play to the critical role of farmland transfer in current investment.

How Does Social Insurance Affect the Social Interactions of Rural Residents in China: Study on the Impact of Rural Formal Social Security System on Informal Social Security Mechanism.

With the increasing mobility of the rural population in China and the growing number of residents moving to the cities for work or study, rural society is forming a pluralistic, interest-centered, “open” social networks relations that follows the modern rule of law contract. Based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data, the results of the empirical study finds that social insurance can significantly enhance the social interactions of rural residents in China, that is, formal social security system in rural areas promotes informal social security mechanisms such as social interactions. The results of the grouping test show that rural residents in China’s different regions were affected by social insurance in different ways. Social insurance has a greater impact on the social interactions in the eastern region than in the middle and western regions. The propensity score matching method was used to reduce the sample selection bias, and the findings of the paper were found to be robust.

Evolution of the rural social security system in a large country over 35 years: institutional transformation and the Chinese experience

Purpose This paper aims to review the institutional evolution of China's rural social security system in the past 35 years, focusing on major policy transformations of the rural social security system in a large country, and extract the Chinese experience on developing rural social security.Design/methodology/approach This paper systematically reviews the evolution of rural social security system via organizing policy documents, key events and research literature on the construction of rural social security since the Reform and Opening-up.Findings First, institutional transformation is a profound change in China's rural social security system; second, policy transformation has taken place in the main areas of China's rural social security system, including rural endowment insurance, medical insurance and social assistance; third, the policy evolution of China's rural social security system has a unique experience in a large country.Originality/value China is the country with the largest rural population in the world. The process and experience of transforming the social security system in the vast rural areas of China have important value and reference significance for other developing countries.

델파이 기법을 활용한 여성농업인의 삶의 질 향상 분야별 세부과제 우선순위 분석

This study aimed to improve the quality of life of female farmers by deriving detailed tasks for each relevant field and to determine priorities among the derived tasks. A total of three Delphi surveys were conducted from June to October 2020, targeting 37 members of the Research Council for Female Farmers. The data of 26 members were used for the final analysis. The results were as follows: First, to detail tasks that would improve the quality of life of female farmers, the experts who participated in this study categorized 89 items in 4 fields: 40 research items, 35 policy items, 7 network items, and 7 campaign items, and then shortlisted the final 19 detailed tasks. Second, to improve the quality of life of female farmers, the priorities of the detailed tasks were determined by the research, policy, network, and campaign fields. The fields of research included the establishment of the rural community care system, the development of the evaluation of health risk factors and safety management measures, the improvement of the rural social security system, inequality cases, and the quantification of the role and contribution of female farmers in the agriculture and rural community. Among these, the most important and urgent detailed task was a study on the establishment of a rural community care system, which was considered the top priority.

Design and Implementation of a Rural Social Security System Based on Deep Learning

After the reform and opening up, my country’s economic level and total national strength have achieved unprecedented growth. The building of a well‐off society in an all‐round way is moving towards a harmonious society. The development of social security is also an important part of the development and improvement of a socialist harmonious society. This article is aimed at designing a rural social security system based on deep learning algorithms, using sample collection and statistical analysis methods, collecting samples, simplifying the algorithm, and establishing a new rural social security system. The data collected by the system shows that the proportion of farmers who choose very satisfied, satisfied, average, dissatisfied, and very dissatisfied with the satisfaction of the new rural insurance is 8.94%, 45.53%, 34.96%, 8.13%, and 2.44%. It can be seen that the proportion of farmers who choose to be satisfied is the largest, and more than 10.0% of farmers choose to be dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. Investigate the factors that farmers worry about participating in the new rural insurance, and the questionnaire options can also be set to multiple choices. The survey results show that 29.27% of the farmers think that the individual payment for participating in the new rural insurance is higher; 26.02% of the farmers believe that they do not understand the new rural insurance system; 9.76% of the farmers believe that it is unnecessary to pay for the new rural insurance; 22.76% of farmers choose to rely on themselves or their children in the future; 27.64% of farmers think that the system is unstable. It has basically realized the design of a brand new rural social security system starting from the deep learning of semantic computing.

Primary Exploration of Operation Model and Strategy of Rural Land Circulation from the Perspective of Anti-poverty Development

Anti-poverty development is a powerful engine to realize a moderately well-off society in an all-round way in 2020; meanwhile, it also endows more missions and obligations to scientific study and development of land resource management in the new ear and demands urgently China to transform its thoughts and patterns of land utilization. Therefore, with circulation of rural land as the research object, the current situation and characters of the circulation of rural land are discussed in this essay, and the patterns of land circulation which are beneficial to poverty alleviation are explored by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing land circulation models. It is considered preliminarily that share holding system is an ideal option of circulation of rural land against the background of anti-poverty development, for it could induce actively the raw power of regional industry poverty alleviation and motivate further the farmers’ enthusiasm for poverty alleviation. Based on thorough discussion of share holding system, this essay also puts forward policy suggestions on promoting circulation of rural land, considering that consummating poverty system, defining land property right, establishing risk-sharing system of land circulation, perfecting rural social security system, cultivating sharing land cooperatives, constructing intermediary organization of rural land circulation, strengthening management and service of rural land circulation, speeding up adjusting agricultural management system and guiding orderly circulation of land management right shall be the preferential initiatives to promote anti-poverty developmental circulation of rural land.

RETRACTED: Model of the influencing factors of the withdrawal from rural homesteads in China: Application of grounded theory method

Nowadays withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH) is an important part of China's rural land system reform. The aim of this study is to explore the core and comprehensive influencing factors model of WRH through assessment of the policy system of WRH. Grounded theory approach has been used for this study. Besides, a case study has been done in Enshi city, China to confirm the theory. The study reveals that the livelihood, adaption, and security system are the core factors affecting the farmers’ withdrawal from rural homesteads in Enshi City. “livelihood-adaptation-security” model has been developed for focusing the comprehensive influencing factors, and the policy system of WRH. This study also reveals that the major influencing factors are employment support system, withdrawal compensation system, social adaptation system, and rural social security system. These factors are beneficial for accelerating the process of urbanization in less developed areas and also help poor farmers to establish a sustainable livelihood security system which can ensure the poor peasants out of poverty.

La exclusión de la mujer campesina de dos regímenes de seguridad social: el Seguro Social Campesino y la Ley de Justicia Laboral

Las mujeres campesinas en Ecuador pertenecen a un grupo desaventajado al cual no se le garantizan todos los benefcios de un derecho tan básico como la seguridad social. El presente artículo analiza cómo la mujer campesina se encuentra en una delgada línea entre dos distintos regímenes especiales de seguridad social —el Seguro Social Campesino y aquel consagrado en la Ley Orgánica de Justicia Laboral y Reconocimiento del Trabajo del Hogar—, sin que ninguno de ellos otorgue benefcios completos, violando su derecho constitucional al acceso a la seguridad social. Se evidencia cómo en la mujer campesina confuyen dos formas de identidad —la de mujer y la de campesina— que la ponen en desventaja frente a otras mujeres y a la población ecuatoriana en general, y cómo desde la ley se incurre en discriminación. Se plantean posibles reformas a los dos regímenes mencionados y se analiza la problemática desde los ojos de la interseccionalidad.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Professional Farmers' Entrepreneurship Based on Family Farms

With the "four modernizations" synchronous propulsion, entrepreneurship has become the effective way and inevitable choice to farmers' survival and development. Family farm, which takes the family as the main body, is the most ideal organization form of the peasants’ entrepreneurship and is also the foundation of cultivating new professional farmers. In this paper, we put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions by exploring the current situation and existing problems of the professional farmers' entrepreneurship which is based on the family farm. First, it is important to regulate the rural land circulation market and improve the rural social security system. Second, the relevant departments should take measures to improve the rural financial system and implement the preferential tax policy. Third, it is vital to improve the comprehensive quality of family farmers. Fourth, the local government ought to establish and perfect the rural social service system.

农村集体所有制的悖论与社区成员权问题：以台州“市区农村”为例

“No land to any non-tiller” serves as the logical starting point for the collective ownership of agricultural land. Going against the principle of collective ownership, the land ownership by the whole population of rural community, however, is derived logically from the development of collective ownership. The “village inside the city” represents a transition between the rural and the urban in the process of urbanization. In the village inside the city, although villagers have largely ceased farming, they still enjoy the profits from land, which does not result from their contributions, efforts or survival needs, but from the community membership rights based on blood and marriage. The existence of community membership rights can be attributed to the path dependence of agricultural land reform and the status quo of rural social security system. From the “land to the tiller”, to the identification of villagers with community members, and finally community membership as determined by hukou (household registration), hukou became the final line of defense of community membership. However, now that this line has been broken by the free movement of factors of production, can community membership rights continue to exist? This article is in Chinese. 非耕者不得有其田是农地集体所有制的逻辑起点，由农村社区全部人口享有地权违背了集体所有制原则，但这恰恰是集体所有制逻辑运行的结果。市区农村是城市化过程中农村向城市的一个过渡，市区农村村民基本上不再务农，但仍然享受土地利益。享有土地利益，不是由于贡献、不是因为努力、也不是劳动和生存需要，而是基于血缘和姻缘的社区成员权。农地制度改革的路径依赖和农村社会保障的现状， 是社区成员权仍然存在的原因。从耕者有其田到村民与社员的合一，再到户籍决定社区成员的身份，户籍成了社区成员的最后一道防线，但这道防线被要素的自由流动冲得只剩下断壁残垣了。如此，社区成员权的持续如何可能？

Empirical Analysis of Peasant Household Land Outflow Behavior in Major Grain Producing Areas

According to 273 peasant household samples in major grain producing areas of Tieling city, Liaoning province, the paper establishes binary Logistic regression model to analyze the influence factors of peasant household land outflow behavior. It turns out that age, education level, migrant workers number, family economic income structure, non-agricultural employment ability and distance between farmland and county have significant positive correlation with peasant household land outflow behavior, farmland fragmentary degree has significant negative correlation. On this basis, the paper suggests that the government should strengthen peasant household non-agricultural employment ability, change family income structure, broaden the income channels to increase the driving force of land outflow, and perfect the rural social security system, weaken the land safeguard function to reduce the worries of land outflow.

Rural Social Security System of China: Problems and Solutions

An all-round rural social security system of China has a very important strategic effect on the Chinese development of agriculture and country, along with Chinese modernization construction. After decades of efforts, construction of the rural social security system of China has got the obvious achievements. However, many problems of the rural social security system still exist, which evidently reflect those fields such as the narrow coverage of social security, the low social security level and the limited financing channels of social security funds. In the following development, many measures should be taken to perfect the rural social security system of China, including clarifying the construction emphasis of the rural social security system, increasing the governmental investment in the rural social security system, setting up the unified management system of social security, doing well the propaganda and service work of the rural social security, as well as perfecting the supervision system of the rural social security.