Rural Population Of Ukraine Research Articles

Тенденції економічної активності населення в сільській місцевості України

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of fulltime agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity.

Education as a factor in the formation of human capital in rural areas.

The article considers the influence of education on the formation of a qualitative component of human capital in rural areas. The current state of educational training of the rural population is being assessed. The main root causes of the low share of residents of rural settlements with higher education have been identified. It is proved that the low level of prestige of agricultural work is almost the main factor that prevents young people from choosing agricultural education and stimulates them after graduation - to work in other sectors of the economy. It is established that the relatively low educational level of the rural population of Ukraine is due not only to limited access to general secondary and higher education, but also to the constant migration losses of the most active part of young people who go to cities for higher education and try to stay there. An assessment of the current state of scientific work of institutions of higher education in agriculture. The root causes of low activity in attracting private investment in the development of innovative products have been identified. It is established that the current financial support of innovation in higher education institutions does not correspond to the real possibilities of their scientific potential. This situation limits the development and effectiveness of innovation, as well as the prospects for its commercialization. On the basis of generalization of foreign and domestic experience of higher education institutions of agrarian profile the forms of development of public-private partnership of higher education institution with agrarian business are offered. The root causes of the reluctance of scientists of higher education institutions to engage in the development of innovative products for the needs of business entities in the field of agribusiness have been clarified. In order to form an entrepreneurial environment in agricultural universities, it is necessary to create conditions under which scientists will have the opportunity to develop innovative projects based on infrastructure support, namely: jobs, expert advice, opportunities to communicate with the business community. In the university - is the formation of a single educational research and innovation space, which will involve departments, research laboratories and small innovative enterprises created with the participation of scientists of the departments, as well as students, graduate students and doctoral students. The necessity of forming a system of intensive human education on the basis of mass retraining both at the expense of personal human resources and at the expense of social investments of business groups is substantiated, which will allow to support the continuous process of "lifelong learning". Key words: human capital, sustainable development, rural areas, expanded reproduction, socio-economic instruments, education, innovation infrastructure.

Болгарські села Північного Приазов’я у 1941-1943 роках: німецька окупація в етнічному вимірі

Аналізу піддано політику окупаційної німецької влади стосовно жителів болгарських сіл Північного Приазов’я. Виявлено, що й у рідному селі, і на примусових роботах у Німеччині, місцеві болгари не мали помітних преференцій за національною ознакою порівняно з іншими жителями регіону. Єдина обставина, що вирізняла болгар, – можливість встановлення зв’язку з історичною батьківщиною з метою пошуку захисту та допомоги. Щоправда, використання цієї можливості не набуло великого поширення. Одним з її виявів стала спроба репатріації деякої кількості таврійських болгар на історичну батьківщину, що завершилася їх примусовим поверненням до СРСР у 1945 р.

Стан і шляхи забезпечення зайнятості сільського населення в Україні

The purpose of the article is to analyse the status, highlight the basic factors of influence and determine the main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine. Research methods. In order to assess the status and trends in the employment of the rural population, economic and statistical methods (comparative analysis, average and relative values, trend analysis, graphical method, index analysis, etc.) were used in analytical studies. To determine the factors influencing the rural population employment, a system analysis was used. With the assistance of the abstract-logical method and the method of generalization, the ways of realization of the state policy for the support and development of the agrarian sphere in order to provide the rural population employment were outlined. Research results. It has been established that the dynamics of the level of the rural population employment in Ukraine has a cyclical nature – at the stage of economic growth, it rises, followed by a period of decline (at the stage of economic downturn). It has been substantiated that the characteristic features of rural employment are: a reduction in the rural population, including the economically active, deformation of its age structure, misbalancing of the conjuncture of the rural labour market, lack of developed social infrastructure, reduction of the sphere of agricultural works, changes in the structure of agricultural production, low wages, etc. The factors of influence on the rural population employment in Ukraine are systematized by groups: individual, socio-demographic, economic, political and institutional. The main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine are identified. Scientific novelty. The scientific and methodological approaches to the study of the rural population employment in terms of determining the influence factors and organizational and economic basis for providing of the rural population employment in Ukraine were further developed. Namely, the priority directions of state policy have been identified, which are aimed at providing employment of the rural population through the adoption of legal, institutional, sectoral, economic, investment and innovation, business and other measures. Practical significance. The main thesis and conclusions set out in the article have been brought to the level of practical recommendations, the implementation of which will improve the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of the rural population employment in Ukraine, will optimize approaches to the development of programs to provide of the rural population employment.

PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATION OF CARDIOLOGICAL CARE TO THE RURAL POPULATION, IN THE CARDIOLOGISTS OPINION

The aim: to study the state, problems and ways of improving the organization of cardialogical care for the rural population in Ukraine based on the materials of a sociological survey of cardiologists.
 Material and methods The sociological research was carried out according to a specially developed program and covered 352 cardiologists from all regions of Ukraine.
 Results The main directions for improving the organization of cardialogical care, according to cardiologists opinion, are to increase funding for health care institutions (91,5±1,5%), increase wages (87,2±1,8%), introduce social medical insurance (81,8±2,1%) and mechanisms for economic motivation of personnel (89,8±1,6%); equipping health care institutions with modern medical and diagnostic equipment (73,9±2,3%); improving the quality of postgraduate training of cardiologists (78,2±1,9%); introduction of a health care qua-lity monitoring system (66,9±4,9%); an increase in the economic and legal independence of health care institutions (78,1±2,2); introduction of public-private partnership mechanisms with preservation of health care institutions in state ownership (79,3±2,2%).
 Conclusions The sociological study found that the main parameters of the organization of cardialogical care for the rural population of Ukraine do not correspond to the economic realities of the time and require modernization.

PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATION OF CARDIOLOGICAL CARE TO THE RURAL POPULATION, IN THE CARDIOLOGISTS OPINION

to study the state, problems and ways of improving the organization of cardialogical care for the rural population in Ukraine based on the materials of a sociological survey of cardiologists.

Тенденції економічної активності населення в сільській місцевості України

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of full-time agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: labor market, employment, informal employment, unemployment, economically inactive population.

Dynamics of morbidity indicators of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine

In order to study the dynamics of indicators of the incidence of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine, an analysis of statistical data of reporting forms No. 10 “Report on diseases of persons with mental and behavioral disorders” reflecting the objectively taken into account the incidence of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders for 2000 - 2017 years. The analysis revealed the main features of neurotic morbidity associated with stress and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine for the period from 2000 to 2017. Thus, the primary incidence rate of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine for the period from 2000 to 2017 decreased by 9.11% (from 45.0 per 100 thousand of the rural population in 2000 to 40, 9 per 100 thousand urban population in 2017). The overall incidence rate of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine tended to gradually increase, from 259.0 in 2000 to 313.3 per 100 thousand rural population in 2017. A significant proportion of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the structure of the incidence of non-psychotic mental disorders and the identified regional features of the dynamics of the primary and general morbidity of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in the rural population of Ukraine should be taken into account when developing organizational measures to optimize the system of assistance and prevention rural mental health disorders.

ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ: ПРОБЛЕМИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ

Among the problems that the world is trying to solve today, those related to quality of life are the undisputed ones, as the negative manifestations of quality are reflected in the spread of poverty, limited access to quality education, health, lack of decent conditions, etc. Therefore, the search for the root causes and their elimination to ensure the quality of life is extremely important, especially for the rural population, which contributes to the food security of the country. The purpose of the article is to study the quality of life of the rural population in Ukraine and develop proposals to eliminate the negative trends that have developed in modern conditions. Given the limited methodology for assessing the quality of life, the authors proposed their own approach, which involves the analysis of indicators that assess material well-being, demographic aspects of rural development, as well as development indicators. In particular, the authors propose to include in the demographic indicators the data of the current population, indicators of population formation (average life expectancy at birth, natural increase and migratory population growth). The authors do not single out the indicators that shape the quality of life of the population in the field of health care, because the purpose of the study analyzes the level of quality, rather than factors of quality of life. Among the indicators that reflect the development of rural areas, the authors included indicators of school equipment and technology, the prevalence of extracurricular education, as these indirect indicators allow us to understand whether there is a real improvement in quality of life. Regarding material well-being, the basic indicators include data on monetary income and total resources of the population, as well as its expenditures, as these data maximally reflect the sources of income and opportunities to improve the material condition of the population, development. The article also uses the author's approach to assessing the social security of the population living in rural areas. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the material well-being of the rural population and its employment as the basis for the formation of quality of life. An analysis of the accessibility of education and health care for the rural population and the impact of these factors on the social security of rural areas. The publication proposes areas for improving the quality of life of the rural population in Ukraine, including improving social infrastructure, providing support to the self-employed, promoting small and medium-sized businesses, outlining the participation of NGOs and the role of community in socio-economic development of rural areas.

Ukrainian

Ukrainian

Features of the dynamics of the incidence of organic nonpsychotic disorders in the rural population of Ukraine

Based on the reporting forms No. 10 "Report on diseases of persons with mental and behavioral disorders" for the period from 2000 to 2017, a clinical-statistical analysis of the dynamics of the prevalence of organic non-psychotic mental disorders in the rural population of Ukraine is presented, as well as changes in the structure of the incidence of non-psychotic mental disorders. The data presented indicate signifi cant fl uctuations in the incidence and prevalence rates. A significant proportion of organic nonpsychotic mental disorders in the structure of the incidence of nonpsychotic mental disorders in rural residents requires the adoption of appropriate organizational measures to optimize the system of assistance and prevention of mental health disorders in the rural population. Key words: mental and behavioral disorders, organic non-psychotic mental disorders, incidence, prevalence, villagers, psychiatric care

PENSION PROVISION OF RURAL POPULATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION OF THE MARKET

Introduction. The study is devoted to determining the level of pension provision of rural population in Ukraine. Today, the problem of effective retirement provision is the most acute in our country. After all, the solution to this problem is connected with the important task - ensuring social protection of the population. Methods. Various economic methods, special economic literature, and the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists related to social protection of the population and pension insurance are used in carrying out the research. The information base is the relevant regulatory documents governing the functioning of the national pension system, as well as the Internet sites of the Main Directorate of the Pension Fund of Ukraine, State Statistics Service and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Results. The current state of the functioning of the national pension system has been assessed and the level of pension coverage for Ukrainian pensioners has been determined. Particular attention is paid to the state of pension provision of pensioners in rural areas; the dynamics of changes in their number over the study period is analysed. The tendencies of growth of wages and pension payments of the rural population are determined; the factors influencing them are analysed. The analysis of the replacement rate showed the relationship between the average pension and the average salary in the country for the study period; features that influenced the value of this indicator in the agrarian sector are noted. Discussions. Given the level of pension provision for Ukrainian pensioners, there is a need for pension reform. The size of pension payments is much lower compared to most European countries and does not meet generally accepted international standards. A particularly low level of pension payments is observed among the rural population. It has been for many years lower than the national average. In this regard, the issue of pension provision for the rural population requires additional study. The necessity of simultaneous use of all three levels of the domestic pension system, the importance of the use of funded pension programs for the population is substantiated.

DYNAMICS OF ONCOLOGICAL MORBIDITY DEPENDING ON GENDER AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE

Objective - to analyze the dynamics of oncological morbidity depending on the gender ofthe urban and rural population of the Chernivtsi region.Material and methods. The main methods of studying the incidence of malignantneoplasms are the analysis of the database of the National Cancer Register of Ukraine,official statistics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine (Form No. 61-i and No. 6),the main statistical documents of the oncology clinics of the Chernivtsi oblast (f. 090/o )Results. The comparison of the dynamics of the morbidity and mortality because ofmalignant neoplasms among urban and rural population in Ukraine and in theChernivtsi region for seven years, depending on sex, has been analyzed.Conclusions. Research of the modern features of the structure, levels of the incidence ofcancer pathology among various sex groups does not lose its relevance, scientific noveltyand significance for the healthcare industry.

Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk

Significant prevalence of arterial hypertension (40 % of the adult population) and unsatisfactory level of high blood pressure adequate control (only 14 % of the urban and 8 % of the rural population in Ukraine) underlines the need to study the factors influencing AH course and contributing to a lack of antihypertensive therapy efficacy. One of such factors is subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Aim. To study Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk. Materials and methods. After signing of written informed consent for the study, 124 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and 16 practically healthy people (control group) were involved. The main group included 32 AH patients (women 87.5 % (n = 28), men 12.5 % (n = 4)) with moderately elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) (4.0–15.6 μD/ml) and normal levels of thyroid hormones. The comparison group consisted of 92 AH patients (women 81.52 % (n = 75), men 18.48 % (n = 17)) with normal levels of TSH (0.4–4.0 μD/ml). The groups of patients were matched for age (54.16 ± 10.16) years versus (57.69 ± 9.76) years, (P = 0.093), sex (P = 0.4319), height (P = 0.993), weight (P = 0.719), body surface area (P = 0.901), body mass index (P = 0.669). All patients underwent a combined 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and ECG using a “Cardiology-04-AD-3” device (St. Petersburg, RF). Results. AH patients with or without concomitant SH were of comparable mean daytime and nighttime indices of SBP and DPB, indicators of SBP and DBP variability, PBP, indices for hypertension and hypotension, circadian indices, indices of percentage SBP and DBP increases, SBP and DBP load (with the exception of daytime SBP load). Patients with AH and SH, in contrast to AH patients without SH, tended to have 8.5 % (P < 0.05) higher indices of daytime SBP load, and 19.3 % (P < 0.05) lower daytime DBP hypotension index. Conclusions . AH patients with or without concomitant SH are comparable by the vast majority of ABPM indicators. However, in AH patients with concomitant SH, unlike those without SH, a larger daytime SBP load and a lower daytime DBP hypotension index were detected.

Rural and ecological tourism: modern tendencies and role in the increase of level of socio-economic development of rural population of Ukraine

The aim of the article is an analysis of modern tendencies atdevelopment of rural and ecological tourism in Ukraine as tothe type of entrepreneurial activity in rural locali, research of his influence on development of rural territories, and- problems, that arise up in his organization. Researchmethodology consists in the use of totality of methods : dialectical, statistical, historical and comparative: exactly theanalysis of experience of development of rural tourism in thecountries of Western and East Europe convinces of necessityof development of rural and ecological tourism for rural localities. The scientific novelty of the got results consists in opening of factors that assist to development of rural and ecological tourism in Ukraine, research of role of cluster models of his organization, and also value of increaseof level of enterprise form of peasants, in the decision ofproblems of him dynamic development in the conditions of thecrisis phenomena. Conclusions. For today in rural localitythere is a sufficient fund of accommodation for Devel- opmentof green tourism, but for his organization convincing information is needed about possibility of bringing in ofvillagers to the recreational-tourist en- terprise, convinced ofadvantages of realization of such activity, that testifies to thenecessity of increase of universal and professional education,enterprise form of peasants-farmers

India–Ukraine: Partners in Progress

The interview of Manoj Kumar Bharti, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of India to Ukraine, deals with connections between Ukraine and India, formed several thousand years ago. Experts found many similarities in languages of two states as well as in traditions of house holding among the rural population of Ukraine and India. Both states have faced economic instability for centuries and were subordinated to other states, and lastly both of them gained independence. For the last 26 years, India and Ukraine have had many summits and concluded not a few memoranda of understanding and agreements covering almost all aspects of bilateral cooperation. These 26 years were a period when Indian economy revealed its potential and achieved great results in the development of the state. The increase of incomes in India allows Ukrainian goods and services to penetrate the Indian market. Meanwhile, Ukrainian people are highly interested in Indian culture, traditions, and philosophy. Every year, thousands of people come together to participate in the Yoga festivals. The Embassy of India holds a lot of event in various cities of Ukraine to make Ukrainians aware of India and expand opportunities for business cooperation. India boasts an extensive network of higher educational institutions, however, many young people choose to study abroad. Ukraine offers Indian students excellent opportunities for professional training. The Ambassador of India underlines the current level of relations between India and Ukraine and the recent trend in their development allow us to hope for fruitful further cooperation. The Embassy of India in Kyiv will further contribute to strengthening collaboration and taking efficient measures in this regard. Keywords: India, the Yoga festivals, Indian culture, independence, Ukraine, markets.

Reducing Level of Life of the Rural Population in Ukraine: the Result of Two Crises

Reducing Level of Life of the Rural Population in Ukraine: the Result of Two Crises

ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО СТАНОВИЩА НА ЕФЕКТИВНЕ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТРУДОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

В статті розглядається соціально-економічний стан жителів сільської місцевості України, тобто потенційної основи для формування трудових ресурсів сільськогосподарських підприємств. Аналізується кількість наявного населення України. Досліджено досвід провідних країн світу з питань підтримки державними органами розвитку аграрного сектору. Аналізуються програми розвитку сільських територій розвинутих країн та отримані на основі їх реалізації результати. Встановлено залежність соціальної складової від економічної, визначено що вона виступає головною та фундаментальною, а також являється рушієм розвитку соціальної.&#x0D;

Аналіз статистичних даних поширеності офтальмологічних захворювань У 2001—2008 роках серед дорослого сільського населення України

Аналіз статистичних даних поширеності офтальмологічних захворювань У 2001—2008 роках серед дорослого сільського населення України

Demographic Situation of Rural Population in Ukraine in the Period of Intensive Socio-Economic Transformation

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