Rural Nova Scotia Research Articles

Women Managing/Managing Women

Research has identified many barriers to female advancement in the field of educational administration and styles of leadership different from the traditional masculine model have been identified. A difficulty arises, not in the identification of difference, but in the recognition, legitimization and implementation of preferred modes of leadership for women in current administrative practice. This investigation focused on verbal accounts of the experiences of 21 female administrators in a rural Nova Scotia school district. This article presents the preliminary findings of these women’s own responses, resistances and initiatives in their attempt to legitimize and implement their preferred ways of providing leadership in this very rural setting.

Images of Work: Women's Work, Men's Work, Housework

Resume: Ce papier examine l'image des adolescents par rapport aux travaux des hommes, aux travaux des femmes et le travail menager. Les donnees du papier proviennent d'interviews de 1200 adolescents ages de 17 ans de la region de Hamilton, Halifax et la Nouvelle - Ecosse rurale. Les jeunes expriment leurs attitudes concernant a) les emplois domines par les hommes et les femmes, b) l'emploi de leur mere, l'emploi de leur pere et le fait d'etre une menagere a temps plein, et c) des descriptions de leur propres attentes d'emploi futur, les emplois de leur pere et leur mere et le travail menager. Les travaux des femmes est rapporter moins desirable que les travaux des hommes, le travail menager es vu comme le travail des femmes et moins desirable (a tous sauf les femmes de la classe ouvriere) que le travail renumere. Les emplois des peres de la classe moyenne sont a la fois desirables et decrit en manieres similaires aux emplois attendus par leurs fils et leurs filles de la classe moyenne. Les femmes de la classe ouvriere sont vraisemblablement a decrire le travail de leur mere en termes positifs et a definir le travail menager comme un option viable. Abstract: This paper examines youth images of men's and housework, based on interview data from 1200 seventeen year olds in Hamilton, Halifax and rural Nova Scotia. Youth respondents report their attitudes to (a) male and female dominated jobs, (b) their mother's job, their father's job and being a full-time homemaker, and (c) their descriptions of their own expected job, their father's and mother's job and housework. Women's is reported as less desirable than men's housework is seen as and as less desireable (to all but working class females) than work. Jobs of middle class fathers are both desireable to and described in ways similar to the jobs expected by their sons and middle class daughters. Working class females tend to describe their mother's in positive terms and define housework as a viable option. Introduction This paper looks at the images that youth have of work. In Canada, as in other industrialized nations, the realm of dominates the lives of young people and shapes their images of themselves (Krahn, 1995; Spenner and Rosenfeld, 1990). Given its salience, we expect that adolescents will have developed relatively detailed images of the world of work.(1) Many of these images are developed within a family context and are anchored in youths' perceptions of their parents' work. A guiding principle in our paper is that images are socially constructed and socially distributed. That is, the images we have of reflect our own social location and the social locations that are associated with that type of work. Men's work, for example, is seen differently than women's work (cf. Beechy and Perkins, 1987), and images males and females construct of the world of will reflect the gender constraints they have themselves experienced (Glick et al., 1995: 565-566). We conceptualise as activity that entails obligation and responsibility. In this way our concept includes both paid work (i.e. participation in the labour force) and unpaid particularly the associated with running a household and caring for children.(2) We argue that youth develop conceptions of what their own will be like in relation to their images of the of others they see around them, particularly their parents. That is, they are likely to use their parents' as a reference point for their own both in terms of the specific type of to which they aspire and more generally what they see as important characteristics of desireable and undesireable jobs. We see images of as containing two important dimensions: evaluation and linkage. Certain attributes are judged as desirable and others not. For example, creative may be seen as desirable, dirty not. …

Through the Eyes of The Tattler: Concerns of Baptist Youth in Rural Nova Scotia, 1933-1940

Through the Eyes of The Tattler: Concerns of Baptist Youth in Rural Nova Scotia, 1933-1940

Healthcare in rural Nova Scotia improves with support for physicians.

Healthcare in rural Nova Scotia improves with support for physicians.

Temporal and spatial relationships in fine particle strong acidity, sulphate, PM 1O, and PM 2.5 across multiple canadian locations

The Canadian Acid Aerosol Measurement Program (CAAMP) was established in 1992 to gain a better understanding of the atmospheric behaviour of fine particle strong acidity (“acid aerosols”) and to facilitate an assessment of the potential health risks associated with acid aerosols and particles in general. During 1992. 1993 and 1994, annular denuder and filter measurements were taken at four sites in Ontario, two in Quebec, three in the Atlantic Provinces and one in the greater Vancouver area. Mean fine particle sulphate concentrations (SO 4 2−) were highest in southern Ontario (annual average ranged from 40–70 nmol m −3), lowest at a site in the Vancouver area (average = 16 nmol m −3) and second lowest in rural Nova Scotia. However, mean fine particle strong acid concentrations (H +) were geographically different. The highest mean concentrations were at the east coast sites (annual average of up to 30 nmol m −3). Acidities were lower in areas where the fine particle acidity experienced greater neutralization from reaction with ammonia. This included the major urban centres (i.e. Toronto and Montréal) and areas with greater amounts of agricultural activity, as in rural southern Ontario. On average, ambient concentrations of fine and coarse particle mass were larger in the urban areas and also in areas where SO 4 2− levels were higher. All the particle components were episodic. However, compared to SO 4 2− and fine particles (PM 2.5 or PM 2.1, depending upon inlet design), episodes of H + tended to be less frequent and of shorter duration, particularly in Ontario. Saint John, New Brunswick, had the highest mean annual H + concentration, which was 30 nmol m −3. H + episodes (24 h concentration > 100 nmol m −3) were also the most frequent at this location. The high levels in Saint John were partially due to local sulphur dioxide sources and heterogeneous chemistry occurring in fog, which, on average, led to a 50% enhancement in sulphate, relative to upwind conditions. There was a substantial amount of intersite correlation in the day to day variations in H +, SO 4 2− , PM 2.5 and PM 10 (fine + coarse particles) concentrations, which is due to the influence of synoptic-scale meteorology and the relatively long atmospheric lifetime of fine particles. Sulphate was the most regionally homogenous species. Pearson correlation coefficients comparing SO 4 2− between sites ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, depending on site separation and lag time. In many cases, particle episodes were observed to move across the entire eastern portion of Canada with about a two-day lag between the SO 4 2− levels in southern Ontario and in southern Nova Scotia.

Seawater fatty acids and lipid classes in an urban and a rural Nova Scotia inlet

AbstractSeawater samples collected in the summer of 1989 in Nova Scotia inlets were analyzed for lipid content to examine water quality. One inlet, the Northwest Arm, is located adjacent to an urban center, while the other, Ship Harbour, is located in an uninhabited area and contains three commercial mollusk farms. Lipids in the dissolved and particulate fractions were measured by Chromarod‐Iatroscan thin‐layer chromatography with flame ionization detection and by gas chromatography. Samples collected near the urban center had higher levels of particulate hydrocarbons (28±15 μg/L) than those collected in the relatively pristine environment (11±1 μg/L). The urban center samples also had higher levels of particulate free aliphatic alcohols (14±5vs. 8±1 μg/L) and free fatty acids (5±1vs.<0.5 μg/L), suggesting degradation of wax esters and other fatty acid esters. Dissolved and particulate matter fatty acids contained a higher proportion of monounsaturated acids near the urban center (33–35vs. 25–29% of the total fatty acids). The essential fatty acids 20∶5n−3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22∶6n−3 (docosahexaenoic acid), presumably of algal origin, were more prominent in the pristine environment (up to 3.5%), where mollusk aquaculture is practiced. Fatty acid markers of toxic algae were virtually absent (<0.2%) in samples taken from both locations.

Atmospheric aerosols and gases in rural Nova Scotia and their dependence on air flow

Various species including nitrate, HN03 and Pb were sampled in Antigonish, Nova Scotia and their fluctuations were compared to those of simultaneously sampled acid and sulphate (reported previously). The 24 hr average aerosol nitrate, ∼0.3 μg m−3, was similar in the summer and winter. Nitric acid made up ∼42 % of the total (aerosol and gaseous) nitrate in the summer and winter, but nitrate and HN03 were correlated only in the summer. Windroses are used to show the dependence of sulphate, nitrate and aerosol acid on wind direction. Lead had a 24 hr average concentration of 71 ng m−3, was of mainly local origin and was not able to be correlated with other parameters.

Ambient acid aerosols in rural Nova Scotia

Ambient acid aerosols in rural Nova Scotia

Metal Mobilization in Home Well Water Systems in Nova Scotia

A study of private wells in rural Nova Scotia found that concentrations of metals such as cadmium, zinc, copper, and lead increased in water that remained in the distribution system overnight. Some 50 percent of the homes studied exceeded Canada's recommended 1.0‐mg/L maximum permissible limit for copper and 20 percent exceeded the 0.05‐mg/L limit for lead. Metal mobilization was observed in all four of the communities studied, regardless of differences in well water chemistry. Significant leaching was observed in water of high pH and hardness. Four indexes commonly used to assess the corrosive tendency of a water did not accurately predict the metal leaching that could occur in a given water.

4. Africa

Psychiatric Disorder among the Yoruba by A. LEIGHTON and his associates demon strates that Western epidemiological techniques for the study of psychiatric disorder are adaptable to a non-literate African population. According to this pilot study, the prevalence and pattern of disorder among the Yoruba are not very different from those of a previously studied rural Nova Scotia popula tion. (This book will be reviewed from the anthropological viewpoint in the next issue of Transcultural Psychiatric Research.) In one of the few psychoanalytic studies dealing with an African group, Die Weissen Denken Zuviel, PARIN and his coworkers describe the application of a modified psychoanalytic technique to the Dogon of West Africa. The personality structure of the Dogon differs from that of Western people in several respects, e.g. in the type of ego-defense mechanism favored, in the predominance of identificatory relationships, and in the heightened importance of human relationships in general. JAKOVLJEVIG describes the type of psychiatric disorders he observed during his two and a half years as government psychiatrist in African Guinea. The general picture of mental health needs and services in Liberia, West Africa, is presented by HERTZ. He points out that an increasingly less tolerant attitude towards psychosis on the part of the Liberian family may necessitate increased psychiatric facilities in the future. PAYET and his group point out that gastro duodenal ulcers are not uncommon in African negroes. They conclude from their studies that similar psychological factors operate in the production of ulcers in Africa and Europe.