Rural Industry Research Articles

Analysis of Land System Reform and Economic Structure Transformation from the Perspective of Industrial Integration

At present, the rural contracted land is dominated by the unified circulation of villages entrusted by contractors, but the contractor will have the possibility of self-circulation after the contract expires. The fundamental reason is that the current land transfer fee is low, which can not meet the contractor's expectations. Looking at China's economic development process since the reform and opening up, we can easily find that there is a puzzling problem in China's economy, that is, since the reform and opening up, China's economic aggregate and economic growth rate have made remarkable achievements, and the scale and speed of agricultural labor transfer are also the highest in the world. Industrial integration is a new economic phenomenon in the process of scientific and technological change and diffusion. According to the degree of integration, industrial integration can be divided into full integration and partial integration. Promote the flow of various production factors to agriculture, extend the agricultural industrial chain, increase the added value of agriculture, promote the integrated development of rural industries, promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and finally realize agricultural modernization in an all-round way, expand the rural collective economy, and promote farmers' income and rural harmony and prosperity.

Evaluation of the Mechanism and Effectiveness of Digital Inclusive Finance to Drive Rural Industry Prosperity

Digital inclusive finance is an important policy for promoting rural industrial development in China. Can digital inclusive finance effectively contribute to the development of rural industries? What is its driving mechanism? Clarifying these questions can: (1) Release the value of digital inclusive finance; (2) Strengthen its driving role in rural industrial development; and (3) Implement the concept of inclusive development to give rural industrial subjects a greater sense of access and well-being. Based on the interpretation of the connotation of rural industrial prosperity, this paper constructs a theoretical framework of “digital inclusive finance—alleviating financing constraints—rural industrial prosperity”. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, the study adopts the entropy weight method to measure the rural industry prosperity index; at the same time, it constructs a panel regression model to conduct benchmark tests, mediating effect tests and heterogeneity tests on the mechanisms and effects of digital inclusive finance to promote rural industrial prosperity. The article finds that digital inclusive finance effectively drives rural industrial prosperity; the alleviation of financing constraints plays a fully mediating role; the effect is significant in less economically developed regions. Therefore, this article proposes policy recommendations to advance rural digital construction, promote the digital transformation of traditional financial institutions, strengthen the regulation of internet-inclusive finance, and enhance the financial literacy of inclusive groups.

Toward sustainable rural livelihoods approach: Application of grounded theory in Ghazni province, Afghanistan

Through the implementation of policies, the sustainable livelihood strategy has been a strategic method for increasing rural economies and harmonizing political, sociocultural, economic, and environmental development. One of the important and critical techniques for attaining sustainable development is the ability to empower and create capacity among the poor in rural areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to recognize and design a sustainable livelihood approach in the northern villages of Andar District, Ghazni province in Afghanistan. This study employed purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques to gather data. In this study, data analysis was carried out using ATLAS.TI program in three steps including axial coding, open coding, and selective coding. Based on the research, solutions for achieving a sustainable way of life include industrializing rural areas, employing solar energy, improving rural housing, maximizing the efficiency of production factors, growing native poultry in house yards, and growing eugenic dairy cows. Rural industrialization has the consequences such as creating diverse job opportunities, reducing dependence on the agricultural sector, reducing living costs, strengthening handicrafts, improving earning methods, and increasing poultry and farm products. This study is significant because the people of the studied villages were in a poor livelihood situation and this research provides numerous suggestions to improve their livelihood. In the present study, a complementary approach to sustainable livelihood has been identified and designed. Therefore, governmental and non-governmental organizations should take effective steps to reduce livelihood challenges and improve access to sustainable livelihood in the studied villages.

Relationship Marketing, Customer Experience and Customer Satisfaction: Testing Their Theoretical and Empirical Underpinning

Research aims: This study’s aim is to find out the influence of relationship marketing on customer experience and satisfaction.Design/Methodology/Approach: The applied research method of this study uses an explanatory survey utilizing accidental sampling of 140 respondents in the Rural Bank industrial sector, Lampung Province - Indonesia. Data is scrutinized utilizing the structural equation to test the proposed hypothesis. Research findings: The results found that (1) relationship marketing directly and positively affected customer experience and customer satisfaction, and (2) customer experience directly and positively impacted customer satisfaction.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Customer satisfaction is the end of the chain that must be maintained to gain the sustainability of organizations. By emphasizing customer relationship quality and customer experience, it would strive to maintain transaction processes and strategies to impress customer satisfaction with the organizations.Practitioners/Policy Implications: Relationship marketing and customer experience are relevant concepts in marketing research because properly understanding these variables enables organizations to increase customer satisfaction and achieve a competitive advantage in the service and manufacturing sectors.Research Limitations/Implications: This research model was tested in the rural banking industry sector, Lampung Province - Indonesia, so the findings obtained limit generalization. Therefore, using longitudinal data, it is necessary to conduct a comparative and comprehensive study between relationship marketing, customer experience, and customer satisfaction.

Research on the Integrated Development of Rural Industry in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province

Research on the Integrated Development of Rural Industry in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province

China's Rural Industrialization and Agricultural Mechanization

AbstractRural industrialization provides nonfarm employment opportunities and financial support for farmers and may be a non‐negligible cause of agricultural mechanization in China. However, there is a lack of empirical studies on this topic due to challenges in obtaining data and identifying causal relationships. In this paper, we use multiple data sources and construct an instrumental variable based on the number of handicraft production cooperatives in 1957 to test empirically the causal effect of rural industrialization on agricultural mechanization. The results show that rural industrialization contributes significantly and robustly to agricultural mechanization. A 10 percent increase in the average number of industrial enterprises per township was associated with a 1.05 percent increase in the agricultural machinery power per unit area of arable land. Both the demand effect and income effect played crucial roles in the interaction between these two phenomena.

Rural Industrial Integration's Impact on Agriculture GTFP Growth: Influence Mechanism and Empirical Test Using China as an Example.

Agricultural carbon emission is an significant cause of global climate change and many environmental and health problems. Achieving low-carbon and green development in agriculture is not only an inevitable choice for countries around the world to cope with climate change and the accompanying environmental and health problems, but also a necessary path for the sustainable development of global agriculture. The promotion of rural industrial integration is a practical way to realize sustainable agricultural growth and urban-rural integration development. The analysis framework of agriculture GTFP is creatively extended in this study to include the integration and growth of rural industries, rural human capital investment and rural land transfer. According to the sample data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 and the systematic GMM estimation method, and through the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical testing, this paper discusses the influence mechanism of rural industrial integration development on agriculture GTFP growth, as well as the regulating role of rural human capital investment and rural land transfer. The results show that rural industrial integration has significantly promoted the growth of agriculture GTFP. Additionally, after decomposing agriculture GTFP into the agricultural green technology progress index and agricultural green technology efficiency index, it is found that rural industrial integration has a more obvious role in promoting agricultural green technology progress. Furthermore, quantile regression found that with the increase in agricultural GTFP, the promoting effect of rural industrial integration showed an "inverted U-shaped" feature. Through heterogeneity testing, it is found that the agriculture GTFP growth effect of rural industrial integration is more obvious in areas with high level of rural industrial integration. Additionally, as the nation places more and more focus on rural industrial integration, the promotion role of rural industrial integration has become more and more obvious. The moderating effect test showed that health, education and training, migration of rural human capital investment and rural land transfer all strengthened the promoting effect of rural industrial integration on agricultural GTFP growth to varying degrees. This study provides rich policy insights for China and other developing countries around the world to address global climate change and many related environmental and monitoring issues by developing rural industrial integration, strengthening rural human capital investment and promoting agricultural land transfer to achieve sustainable agricultural growth and reduce undesirable output outputs such as agricultural carbon emissions.

Has Rural E-Commerce Increased Potato Farmers' Income? Evidence from the Potato Home of China.

Rural e-commerce has achieved an effective interface between rural specialty industries and large markets. This paper explores the impact of rural e-commerce on the income levels of potato farmers based on field survey data. In addition, the extent of the impact of rural e-commerce on the income levels of potato farmers in the participating and non-participating groups was further explored under the counterfactual assumption. The main findings are as follows. (1) Rural e-commerce can increase the income of potato farmers. Participation in rural e-commerce can increase farmers' income in both the participating and non-participating groups. If the participating group had not previously sold potatoes through rural e-commerce, their per capita household income would have been reduced by 27.22%. Similarly, if the non-participating group had sold potatoes through the rural e-commerce platform, their per capita household income would have increased by 36.35%. (2) Under the counterfactual assumption, the impact of rural e-commerce on the incomes of farmers who have not yet sold potatoes through e-commerce platforms is more profound. The marginal income increasing effect of rural e-commerce is currently at an incremental stage, and selling potatoes through an e-commerce platform can lead to higher returns for farmers. (3) Gender, farm household differentiation, self-employment experience, arable land area, position in village and whether participating in agricultural associations or cooperatives are important factors that simultaneously influence farmers' e-commerce participation decisions and income levels. Education and health level can influence farmers' e-commerce participation decisions. Age, farming years, dependency ratio and accessibility to irrigation can influence farmers' income level.

Tourism and Economic Development of the Village (Farsian Qanchi and Tilabad villages, Azadshahr, Iran)

Purpose: Tourism as a process in rural development can provide the basis for diversification of financial resources, increase of income and job creation in the village. The situation of the rural society of Iran shows that the villages, like the cities, are full of opportunities and natural and human resources, that the correct and optimal use of these opportunities and the creation of new businesses can bring significant economic benefits. The rural tourism industry is one of the activities and fields that have a great capacity for the economic development of the country's villages. Therefore, this article seeks to investigate and analyze the effects and consequences of tourism in the economic development process of Farsian Qanchi and Tilabad villages of Azadshahr county in Iran. Methodology: This research is applied studies in terms of its purpose and descriptive and analytical research in terms of methodology. The validity of the research tool (questionnaire) was confirmed by Delphi method and its reliability was proved using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.853). The statistical population includes all heads of households in the villages of Farsian Qanchi and Tilabad, among which 140 people were selected as the sample size by simple random sampling. Findings: The general results of the research show that Farsian Qanchi village has a much better and higher capacity than Til Abad village for the development of tourism and economic growth of the village. So that the native residents of Farsian Qanchi village have a higher level of entrepreneurship, more diverse financial resources and more income compared to the native residents of Tilabad village. Originality/Value: In this paper, we will examine Tourism and Economic Development of the Village (Farsian Qanchi and Tilabad villages, Azadshahr, Iran).

Transport Accessibility and Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou Province of China: Spatiotemporal Pattern and Impact Analysis

Both transport development and poverty alleviation are vital for sustainable development. However, due to the lack of long-term, comparable, county-level transport accessibility and poverty incidence data, the spatiotemporal patterns of these factors have rarely been accurately revealed in the poverty-stricken regions of China, causing the impacts of transport accessibility on poverty alleviation to be difficult to quantify. Taking Guizhou Province in China as the study area, this study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of transport accessibility and poverty alleviation in 88 counties from 2000 to 2018 based on multisource data, including nighttime light data, LandScan population data, and transport network data. It was found that the transport accessibility decreased from 4.9 h to 3.3 h, and the poverty index decreased from 0.75 to 0.29 on average. All these factors exhibited a “core–periphery” spatial pattern. Furthermore, the panel data regression analysis suggested that transport accessibility has played a dominant role in poverty alleviation, with an elasticity coefficient of 0.839. In the future, policies concerned to integrate transport development with rural industries such as agriculture, e-commence, and tourism are recommended for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, which are especially significant for promoting sustainable development, securing a win–win of economic growth and social equity.

The integration of cultural tourism and rural revitalization in big data and the Internet of Things

In the era of widespread development of big data and the Internet of Things, the development of rural cultural tourism industries can better drive rural revitalization and development strategies and promote farmers’ income. In the important opportunity period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, with the support of national policy, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the extensive development of the cultural tourism industry can drive the model reform of the national and rural industries in the development process. This article conducts in-depth analysis of the current status of rural tourism development and problems encountered in development in the context of big data and the Internet of Things. By taking measures to carry out targeted avoidance risks, effectively drive the widespread development of the rural tourism industry and promote the integration and development of rural revitalization. Build information fusion in the context of the Internet era, promote all aspects of cultural tourism, and expand and improve the quality and level of rural tourism. In order to effectively improve the development of rural revitalization strategies, a new development path is provided, and this article conducts in-depth analysis of the factors that affect the development of rural tourism and cultural resources by building a data analysis model, and clarifies the measures that need to be taken in targeted ways.

Pb(II) bioremediation using fresh algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge and its underlying mechanisms highlighting the role of extracellular polymeric substances.

Lead (Pb) discharged from rural industries poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (A-B AGS) is a promising alternative for sewage treatment with high efficiency and good settleability. In this study, Pb(II) biosorption using fresh A-B AGS was investigated for the first time. The important role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was revealed with the involved mechanisms being clarified. The desorbents for Pb recovery from Pb-loaded A-B AGS were also screened. Results showed that A-B AGS has an excellent maximum Pb adsorption capacity of 72.4mg·g-1 at pH 6.0. EPS plays an important role in keeping microbial activity, Pb bonding, and providing metal ions (Ca, Na and Mg) for Pb ion exchanges. Electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and bonding to functional groups may occur orderly in the Pb biosorption process and the formation of pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl) contributes to Pb biosorption. About 66% of the adsorbed Pb was accumulated in the A-B AGS microbial cells. Na2EDTA (0.05M) can recover 60.3% of the loaded Pb with the highest microbial activity of granules being remained. All the findings will provide the theoretical basis for the large-scale application of A-B AGS to bioremediate Pb(II)-containing wastewater.

Research on the direction and path of rural commercial bank digital transformation under the background of rural revitalization

At present, the digital transformation of commercial banks has become a trend. Compared with large banks, small and medium-sized rural banks are facing huge pressure from both the external environment and internal conditions. Small and medium-sized rural banks should combine the advantages of rural revitalization policy, improve the digital innovation of banking business, and strengthen cooperation with other professional service institutions. Based on the idea of "double chain linkage" proposed by Taihui Zhu and Yutong Zhang, combined with "financial service supply chain, rural industry supply chain and new infrastructure construction chain", digital financial services based on this idea are proposed to achieve collaborative innovation of the three. This paper has certain scientific reference significance for solving the "last mile" problem of rural commercial bank's digital transformation and helping rural revitalization.

Evaluation of China’s Rural Industrial Integration Development Level, Regional Differences, and Development Direction

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China first proposed the strategy of rural revitalization. This proposal constitutes a major strategic deployment for work related to “agriculture, the countryside and farmers” based on China’s national and agricultural conditions and scientific analysis of the new problems faced by agricultural and rural reform in the new era. China’s agricultural development is facing multiple challenges, such as market competition, resource scarcity, environmental constraints, labor exodus, and technological innovation. Additionally, China’s agricultural production is inefficient, farmers’ income is low, and the hollowing out of the countryside has further intensified. To address these challenges, the Party Central Committee made the major decision to implement the rural revitalization strategy, and governments at all levels have introduced a series of policies to support agriculture. However, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the proportion of agricultural output to the total output of the national economy and the proportion of the agricultural labor force to the social labor force are not decreasing, and the idea of seizing the opportunities offered by agriculture is no longer able to solve the current dilemma faced by agricultural and rural development. Expanding the function of agriculture and actively docking with the industry and the service industry are a major strategic initiative for actively adapting to the new normal of economic development. They also represent major innovative thinking to accelerate the transformation of the agricultural development mode. Only when industries are prosperous can rural revitalization have a strong material foundation. To achieve industrial prosperity, industrial integration is the key. Therefore, the realization of rural industrial revitalization must take the path of industrial integration and development. At present, research on rural industrial integration is limited to the local regions, such as provinces and cities, and analysis at the level of national rural industrial integration is lacking. Accelerating the integrated development of rural industries is key to promoting rural revitalization. This paper scientifically establishes an evaluation index system for the level of rural industrial integration development based on five related aspects: society, the economy, resources, facilities, and the environment. Factor analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the evaluation index system, and cluster analysis is used to classify the rural industrial integration development level of each province in China into different tiers. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the levels of rural industrial integration development in China. The provinces and cities with development levels that are higher than average (i.e., scores ranging from 0.291 to 0.915) are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and inland riverine areas. In contrast, those with development levels that are lower than average (i.e., scores ranging from −0.504 to −0.750) are concentrated in Northern China, the northeastern noncoastal areas and northwestern areas. In addition, provinces can be divided into five development tiers of rural industrial integration. Based on this information, national, provincial, and municipal improvement strategies are proposed to address the differences in development among and the prospects for each province, and to effectively promote the integration of rural industries in China.

Research on Green and Low-Carbon Rural Development in China: A Scientometric Analysis Using CiteSpace (1979–2021)

Green and low-carbon rural development (GLRD) is becoming an important way to explore sustainable development in rural areas of China. It is significant for the sustainable development of the rural economy and of society to build a rural carbon sink system, advocate low-carbon emissions in rural areas, and promote the development of rural green industries and rural transformation. In this study, the existing knowledge system of GLRD was analyzed using CiteSpace. Keywords related to GLRD and their occurrence frequency were identified using keyword co-occurrence analysis. The knowledge evolution stages of GLRD were explored using citation burst analysis. Thus, the evolution of the research related to GLRD was revealed. The summary of Chinese GLRD-related research literature shows that: (1) according to the CiteSpace analysis, the GLRD research can be divided into three stages: starting, rising, and expanding and deepening; (2) GLRD research has focused on low-carbon development, green development, and then green and low-carbon integrated development, thus forming three major research content systems; (3) GLRD’s research content gradually became rich, as over time, the research focus became increasingly prominent and research integration was gradually strengthened; (4) the GLRD literature still has some limitations, e.g., nonunified measurement standards, insufficient research depth and practical significance, and relatively weak innovative policy research; (5) future research should strengthen the scientific evaluation and prediction of rural green and low-carbon functions. The industrial development pathways and regional characteristic modes of GLRD should be further studied. Innovative GLRD policies should be proposed to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for GLRD and construction.

Electrical Energy for Rural, Small Scale and Value Creation Industrialization in Mbozi District-Songwe, Tanzania

The study aims at investigating the impacts of steady electrical energy supply on industrialization. To reveal the nature of the relationship between the two variables i.e. steady electrical energy supply and industrial development, the study which was carried out in Mbozi district in Songwe region-Tanzania employed a survey research design. Moreover the investigation applied the strata-multistage sampling technique to derive to 101 respondents. Using documentary review and questionnaire the facts was gathered regarding the study in which processors, constructors, farmers and traders was a sample frame. Using a latent variable analysis, rotated component matrix and average variance expected data analysis tools it was revealed that steady supply electrical energy contribute positively towards industrial development. It was conclusively found that steady electrical energy supply and industrialization detailing rural industrialization, small scale industrialization and value addition was statistically significant at p>=0.05. Thus it is with these positive results what this study suggests to policy makers that the environment for sustainable electrical energy should be created for rural industrialization, small scale industrialization and value creation policies to be realized.

Rural Development and Restructuring in Central China’s Rural Areas: A Case Study of Eco-Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake, China

This study aims to provide a scientific reference for rural reconstruction and revitalization in the areas covered by Eco-Urban Agglomeration Around Poyang Lake. Rural development and restructuring is a comprehensive process involving multiple elements and a long-time sequence. Accordingly, scientific knowledge concerning the evolution and characteristics of the spatial and temporal patterns of rural development and reconstruction is crucial for successively facilitating rural revitalization and ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. In this study, a framework of rural development and restructuring was constructed for areas around Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration based on the data regarding population, land, and industrial elements in the rural regional system, as well as the data of counties covered by Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration. For this purpose, the entropy value and other research methods were used to analyze the level of rural development and the degree of rural reconstruction, as well as to identify the characteristics of rural reconstruction types. The study results revealed the following: (1) Rural Comprehensive Development Level has increased from 0.218 to 0.347, and the geographical development gap of the countryside has narrowed; however, the development level of each region and each factor continues to remain uneven. (2) The results demonstrated a wave-like advancement in the Rural Comprehensive Restructuring Degree, with a decreased Rural Population Restructuring Degree, an increased Rural Industry Restructuring Degree, and a decreased Rural Land Restructuring Degree. (3) Rural restructuring in the study area can be divided into six zones according to the level of rural development and the degree of rural restructuring, with Type I and Type III being the main types. Based on the above results, this research proposes optimizations for different rural development and reconstruction type zones.

Advances In Lac Insect Culture Research And Scope For Innovative Entrepreneurship Using Natural Resins And Gums

Lac insects are specialized group of phytosuccivorous insects (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) that secrete resin of industrial importance having diverse applications. Around 101 species of lac-insects and over 400 species of lac host-plants have been reported but insects belonging to sub-family Tachardiinae are considered important for laksha-culture (lac insect farming). Not only the lac insect, but also the host-plants and various biotic associations play a significant role in determining the quantity and quality of the produce. India is endowed with rich wealth of lac insect resources. 27.7% lac insect biodiversity reported from the world is found in our country under two genera i.e., Kerria and Paratachardina. Kerria the true lac secreting genus includes 28 species worldwide, 23 of which are recorded from India. Cultivation of lac / tapping of natural resins and gums not only provides livelihood to millions of lac growers but also helps in conserving the vast stretches of forests, lac insects and associated biota. Lac also provides sustained high economic returns, generates employment opportunities and has the potential to lay a strong foundation for lac based rural cottage industries. Lac farming can easily be integrated with agriculture thus helping in land use diversification for increased income. Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (ICAR- IINRG) has recently developed new technologies of lac insect farming including newer host plants and developed value added products from lac and other natural resins and gums. Lac integrated farming system models and many of these products have the potential to pave the way for rural industrialization and entrepreneurship development. This review article discusses all these aspects in detail

Digital economy leads the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries

The rapid development of the digital economy has driven the digital and intelligent transformation and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, which has a revolutionary impact on the ways and paths of agricultural transformation iteration and rural industrial integration development. The integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas is a key measure to continuously promote rural revitalization. The digital economy still faces some challenges in leading the integrated development of rural industries, including high uncertainty in the macro policy environment, weak connection between the implementation and use of digital technology at the meso level and farmers, and the optimization of the interest linkage at the micro subject level. Based on the theory of industrial integration, the article attempts to analyze the empowering points of the digital economy from the perspectives of digital reconstruction of industrial factors, digital and intelligent transformation of the entire production process, and cultivation of new service models. It proposes ways to strengthen the construction of rural digital infrastructure, increase the effective supply of digital economy talents, and build a unified standard collaborative guarantee mechanism to assist in the development of rural industrial integration.

Study on the Effect of Rural Low Carbon Logistics Industry Development on Rural Economic Growth

The development of rural low-carbon logistics industry has become the main factor affecting the rapid development of China’s rural economy. From the perspective of low carbon economy, based on the analysis of the development level of rural low carbon logistics, this paper uses the theory and method of spatial measurement to analyze the interactive effect of rural low carbon logistics development and rural economic construction in 31 provinces of China from 2002 to 2019, and then analyzes the mechanism of different factors on rural economic development. The results show that: first, China’s rural low-carbon logistics development provinces have an obvious geographical agglomeration trend. The main distribution characteristics of rural low-carbon logistics development in China’s provinces and regions are "high-high" clustering and "low-low" clustering. Second, there is a long-term and sustainable interaction between the development of China’s rural low-carbon logistics industry and rural economic growth. Third, the income of rural residents in the eastern, central and western regions has an important positive impact on the improvement of rural economic growth. In the eastern region, the growth of the financial industry has the largest pulling effect on rural economic growth. In the central region, the per capita income and education level of farmers have the greatest impact on rural economic growth. In the western region, the increase of income is the most important influence factor of low-carbon logistics on rural economic growth.