Rural Elderly Research Articles

농촌노인의 신체적 건강이 우울에 미치는 영향 : 전-후기노인 비교를 중심으로

농촌노인의 신체적 건강이 우울에 미치는 영향 : 전-후기노인 비교를 중심으로

Dynamics of Life Satisfaction Among Rural Elderly in China: The Role of Health Insurance Policies and Intergenerational Relationships

The pursuit of achieving Goal 3 of the 2030 United Nations agenda for Sustainable Development, “ensuring healthy lives, achieving universal health coverage and promoting wellbeing for all”, has been a cardinal concern of governments and policy makers. The rural–urban divide in China has resulted in equality of health care distribution. To address this anomaly, the government of China has put in place the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). This intervention aims at ensuring the equitable distribution and affordability of health care in rural areas. Despite this measure, certain drawbacks in its implementation affect overall life satisfaction. Rural–urban migration resulting in age distribution gaps has also been generally identified by a plethora of literature to hamper intergenerational interaction, which is essential to overall life satisfaction especially for the elderly. However, little is known about the extent to which the NCMS, coupled with its drawbacks and intergenerational interaction, affect the overall life satisfaction of the rural elderly in China. Using an ordered response model, this study presents a thorough analysis on the life satisfaction of rural elderly making comparison across age groups and residence status sub-samples using a panel data from the two waves, 2011 and 2013, from China’s Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. The empirical results indicate that though the NCMS is indeed beneficial to promoting health and overall life satisfaction of rural elderly, there are some attendant limitations. We also find that intergenerational interaction in the form of frequent communication and financial assistance from children who fall within the non-cohabiting category promotes life satisfaction of the rural elderly. The degree of importance however varies across the aforementioned groups.

Dilemma and Path for Rural Mutual Aid Elderly Care Model in Underdeveloped Areas — A Case Study of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province

Dilemma and Path for Rural Mutual Aid Elderly Care Model in Underdeveloped Areas — A Case Study of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province

Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural Elderly People of the West of Iran: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

Background and aims: World’s older population is growing, and attention is being directed to the improvement of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article was conducted to investigate the HRQoL and associated factors in rural elderly residents in west of Iran. Methods: By using the multistage sampling method, 346 elders from rural areas of Shahindezh were enrolled in this population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. To assess the HRQoL of the elderly people, the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaire was used. The economic status was classified into 3 categories (good, moderate, and low) using the principal component analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze data. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine predictive factors. Results: The mean values and confidence intervals of total core scale and total moderator scale were 38.6 (36.7-40.6) and 31.2 (29.6-32.6), respectively. Univariate analysis showed age, marital status, economic status, occupation, income source, and ethnicity were associated with HRQoL (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed the married, the illiterate, widows/widowers and the divorced, people with low economic status, and the self-employed had low HRQoL with respect to total scale and total core scale models (P<0.05). Conclusion: HRQoL varies according to socioeconomic factors. Its determinants should be addressed in social and health policies designed to improve the health of older people, especially the most vulnerable groups.

Loneliness, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among the Chinese Rural Empty Nest Elderly: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This study aimed to explore the relationship of loneliness, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms among the Chinese rural empty nest elderly. The role of sense of coherence (SOC) as a moderating variable was investigated in a representative sample of older adults in Henan, China, from November 2016 to February 2017. Results indicated that perceived stress mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms, and SOC acted as a moderator on this mediating model. The mediation effect of perceived stress was significant only when SOC was lower. The results emphasized the importance of perceived stress in older adults. SOC was a protective factor with regard to depressive symptoms, and improving SOC should be a focus of health promotion with the elderly.

Impediment in Activity of Daily Living and Social Support for Rural Elderly Farmers Undergoing Nerve Block due to Low Back Pain

Purpose: This study is to investigate the low back pain, social support, impediment in daily living activities and to identify factors affecting impediment in elderly farmer’ daily living activities. Methods: The participants were 128 elderly farmers who had received nerve block. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from February to March, 2018. They were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, and linear multiple regression. Results: The score of low back pain was 6.27±1.69 (10 points), that of social support 2.92±0.76 (1~5 points), and that of impediment in activity of daily living 2.01±0.82 (0~5 points). Factors affecting impediment in activity of daily living were found to include age (p=.017), daily hours of farm work (p<.001), fear for the nerve block (p<.001), low back pain (p<.001), and social support (p<.001); the explanatory power of these variables was 58.8%. Conclusion: This study has found the controllable factors affecting impediment in activity of daily living among the rural elderly engaging in farm work include low back pain, social support, and daily farming hours. Therefore, to reduce impediment in activity of daily living among them, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions that can improve impediment in activity of daily living through reduction of daily farming hours using local resources. It is also desirable to improve their health status by reducing low back pain, and develop and apply social supports with health education programs that fit the local resources and the needs of the rural elderly.

Socioeconomic Inequality of Elder Abuse in Qazvin, Iran

Introduction: Socioeconomic status (SES) is often associated with elder abuse. This study aimed to determine SES inequality of elder abuse in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 683 (60–95 years) elders were included in the analysis in 2015. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test was used to collect data on elder abuse. SES was measured through an asset-based method and principal component analysis. The concentration index and curve were used to measure SES inequality. Results: The concentration index for socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse was −0.0290 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0498, −0.0081). This index based on residence showed elder abuse is more concentrated among rural elders with lower SES (C = −0.0739, 95% CI: [−0.112, −0.0356]). Conclusion: There is a slightly socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse among elders. Lower SES might be considered as a risk factor for elder abuse. Policymakers should plan for improvement in services to consider the role of SES in elder abuse.

Factors influencing Suicidal Ideation by Rural Elderly

Factors influencing Suicidal Ideation by Rural Elderly

The Effectiveness of Northeast Thai Local Dance (Champasri) Training for Risk group Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Thai Rural Elderly Women

Type 2 diabetes is now a major problem worldwide, including in rural as well as urban Thailand. One measure for control is increasing physical exercise. In the elderly traditional style dancing is an attractive option. The quasi experimental research was conducted to assess the influence of a 16 weeks program focusing on Thai local (Champasri) dance in experimental of 27 Thai females aged 60–69 by integrate stretching, warm up, exercise and cool down 50 min by using DVD which conducted by researchers, and limited to 29 female elderly in the control group. Outcome variables were fasting glucose and BMI values. significant decrease p<0.001 and hemoglobinA1c no significant at the end of the program.. In addition, physical fitness parameters like chair stand test, arm curl, chair sit & reach, back scratch, 8 Ft up & go and 6 min walk testwere also improvedsignificant p<0.001 Conclusion, North East Thai local(Chapasri) dance trainingcan be recommended for diabetes control in elderly women.

The Determinants of Utilization Ability and the Effects on the Functionings of Elders: Evidence from China

Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) data from 2011 to 2015 and bivariate ordered probit regression models, this study investigates the determinants of utilization ability and the effects on the functionings of Chinese elders based on the capability approach. The results suggest that three factors may affect the Chinese elders? utilization ability (Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). These are personal factors, like physical conditions or educational attainment; social factors like gender roles or the healthcare systems; and environmental factors, like residential environment. It is also shown that the utilization ability significantly affects the functionings of Chinese elders, like being in work, participating in social activity, and providing child care. Finally, it is found that there are inter-group differences between the rural elder group and the urban elder group in the determination of utilization ability and the effect on elder functionings in China.

Does Type II Diabetics compromise QOL among Rural Elderly? A community Based Cross sectional study in Rural Bangalore

Does Type II Diabetics compromise QOL among Rural Elderly? A community Based Cross sectional study in Rural Bangalore

Effect of Education on Physical Activity among the Rural Elderly in Zabol City

Introduction: One of the most important causes of chronic diseases in elderly people is lack of physical activity. Studies have shown that lack of physical activity in the elderly causes osteoporosis, obesity, depression and sudden death from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colon cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention on knowledge and practice of physical activity among the rural elderly in Zabol city. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 200 elderly people over 60 years of age living in rural areas of Zabol city who were selected by multi-stage random sampling were divided into two groups: intervention and control. The data collection instrument was a researcher- made questionnaire that comprised 3 parts: demographic and background variables, knowledge and practice. Before the intervention, the questionnaires were completed by intervention and control group. The educational content for the intervention group was the Healthy Lifestyle Handbook and face-to-face training which included a practical representation of six smooth movements. However, no intervention was performed in the control group. After 2 months, the same questionnaire was completed again and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Before the intervention, there was no difference in the mean score of knowledge and practice of the participants, but these differences were significant in the post intervention (p &lt; 0.001). The mean of knowledge and practice scores in the control group in pre-intervention stage was 35.17 ± 2.05 and 6.24 ± 2.82, respectively, Which was 35.59 ± 1.82 and 5.91 ± 2.64 in the post-intervention phase, respectively, But the mean score of knowledge and practice in the intervention group in pre intervention stage increased from 35.6 ± 2.47 and 6.73 ± 3.43 to 37.85 ± 1.38, and 12.83 ± 9.09 in the post-intervention phase, respectively. Conclusion: Educational intervention is effective in increasing awareness and overall level of physical activity among the elderly.

Assessment of metabolic syndrome risk factors among rural-dwelling older adults requires innovation: partnerships and a mobile unit can help

Purpose Older adults are at risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MSX). Given the growing rural older adult population and the unknown prevalence rate of MSX in rural communities, the purpose of this paper is to assess the risk factors for MSX among rural elders. Design/methodology/approach Individuals aged 55+ from four West Alabama rural communities were assessed by an interdisciplinary healthcare team via a mobile unit (n=216). Descriptive analyses and analysis of variances (ANOVA) were conducted to assess the effect of gender, race and community on the number of risk factors of MSX among rural elders. Findings Results of a three-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between gender, age and community on the number of MSX risk factors [F (16,193)= 2.41, p &lt;0.01]. Rural communities with lower social economic status (SES) and predominantly African American residents were at higher risk for developing MSX compared to communities with higher SES [F(3, 68) = 7.42, p&lt;0.05]. Practical implications Findings suggest low SES rural communities are at risk of developing MSX. Innovative approaches such as mobile healthcare delivery are crucial to providing quality healthcare and preventive health screens to underserved rural older adult communities. Originality/value Limited research is available on assessing rural midlife and older adults at risk for metabolic syndrome largely due to lack of communication or transportation infrastructure and their history of negative experiences with public institutions. This research demonstrates that these barriers can be addressed.

BAYESIAN SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN ELDERLY CHINESE PEOPLE USING A STAR MODEL

Abstract Chronic diseases have become important factors affecting the health of elderly Chinese people. Because the prevalence of chronic diseases varies among the provinces, it is necessary to understand the spatial effects on these diseases, as well as their relationships with potential risk factors. This study applies a structured additive regression model and the R2BayesX package to conduct a Bayesian analysis. The data are taken from the 2000, 2006, and 2010 Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Surveys. The findings are as follows: (1) the following covariates have considerable effects on chronic diseases in general, and on specific chronic diseases (hypertension and heart disease) (in descending order): census register (rural or urban), gender, smoking, drinking, province, time, age, cultural activities, years of education, and sports activities; (2) the effect of marital status is negligible; (3) province is a critical factor, with the highest spatial effect appearing in two types of provinces: economically developed provinces, and economically backward provinces; and (4) time also has considerable effects. Based on these findings, the government should further strengthen its investment in rural areas and economically backward provinces as a cost-effective intervention, and should educate the population on the harmful effects of smoking and drinking alcohol on health.

한국 노인의 사회연결망 크기, 신체활동량 및 주관적 건강 인식의 연관성

한국 노인의 사회연결망 크기, 신체활동량 및 주관적 건강 인식의 연관성

Social Determinants of Rural Elderly Women’s Healthcare Access: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Literature

Research to date on rural elderly women’s healthcare is primarily focused on morbidity and biomedical causes of diseases. This systematic review of qualitative literature aims to explore the social determinants of women’s healthcare access. Major databases were searched and references from retrieved articles and appropriate journals were manually checked. Data were extracted from 22 studies, and synthesised into four themes: (a) health beliefs, (b) healthcare practices, (c) adverse socioeconomic environment, and (d) cultural implications. This article identifies a need to focus specifically on women’s overall health including care needs and support, socioeconomic factors and cultural issues.

OLDER ADULTS AS CAREGIVERS: HOW DOES IT IMPACT THEIR CONSUMPTION PATTERNS?

AbstractOlder adults have become the emerging force for providing informal caregiving to their parents, grandchildren, or both when needed. To investigate the association between the intensity of caregiving provision and household consumption patterns, this study uses China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 and 2013 survey data and a difference-in-differences method. Results show that 39.1% of older adults (n=13,098; age 55 or older) in China were informal caregivers in 2013, and the average caregiving time was 16.44 hours/week. Older adults who provided caregiving for more than 40 hours spent significantly more on food, clothing, and transportation, but less on home maintenance, healthcare services, education, and leisure. Interestingly, rural elders becoming more intensive caregivers spent on average 396 yuan more on tobacco and alcohol in 2013 than in 2011. Future policies and programs should pay more attention to financial burdens and time-use impacts for older caregivers.

WIDOWHOOD AND MORTALITY RISK OF OLDER PEOPLE IN RURAL CHINA: DO GENDER AND LIVING ARRANGEMENT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

AbstractObjectives: Increased mortality after spousal bereavement has been observed in many populations. Few studies have investigated the widowhood effect in a traditional culture where the economy is underdeveloped. In this study, we assessed whether the widowhood-associated excess mortality exists and differs by gender and living arrangement in rural China. Methods: The data used in this longitudinal study come from the survey “Well-being of Elderly Survey in Anhui Province (WESAP)”, which was conducted every three years between 2001 and 2015 in rural townships of Anhui province. Excluding cases with missing values and restricting the sample to respondents who were married or widowed with adult children at baseline and in follow-up, analyses were carried out on 2,471 adults aged 60 and above. Cox regression was applied to examine the effects. Results: Spousal loss decreased mortality for older rural Chinese and there was a gender difference in this effect. Analyses also show that living with adult children after spousal loss played a protective role in reducing the risk of older men’s death, though it tended to increase older men’s mortality risk in general. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the widowhood effect is culture-specific and spousal loss reduces rather than increases the mortality risk of rural elders in China, which implies that caring for an ill spouse is still a big burden in current rural China though family-based assistance acts as functional solidarity for older people, especially for widowers.

A Scoping Review: Social Participation as a Cornerstone of Successful Aging in Place among Rural Older Adults.

Despite obstacles, many rural-dwelling older adults report that positive aspects of rural residence, such as attachment to community, social participation, and familiarity, create a sense of belonging that far outweighs the negative. By being part of a community where they are known and they know people, rural elders continue to find meaning, the key to achieving successful aging in this last stage of life. This scoping review explored factors influencing social participation and, through it, successful aging among rural-dwelling older adults. We sought to answer the question: what factors enhance or detract from the ability of rural-dwelling older adults to engage in social participation in rural communities? The scoping review resulted in 19 articles that highlight the importance of supports to enable older people to spend time with others, including their pets, engage in volunteer and community activities, and help maintain their home and care for their pets. Overall, the lack of services, including local health care facilities, was less important than the attachment to place and social capital associated with aging in place.

Determinants of Quality of Life among Rural Elderly Population in Khonkean Province of Thailand

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors influencing the quality of life among the elderly population of ruralThailand.METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khon Kean Province, Thailand in onemonth of time period. Non-probability sampling technique was adopted by including four hundredtwenty-eight elderly people age of sixty and above in this study. They were invited through available listwith health department and willing participants were enrolled after taking their written consent. Thosewho were sick during the time of study were excluded. The quality of Life (QOL) was assessed throughWHOQOL-OLD questionnaire. Chi-square was used to analyze the factors associated with the QOL inaging. Study was ethically approved from Mahidol University Thailand.RESULTS: A total of 428 elderly with a mean age of 78 years (±4) were included in this study. The resultsfound that over 361(84%) of the elderly had moderate QOL, around 59(13.8 %) of respondents repliedthey had a good quality of life and 6(1.6%) had fair QOL. Factors influencing the QOL among the elderlyincluded marital status, most were married (62.9 %), followed by divorced, widowed and single (37.1%),sufficient income (69.2%), savings, sufficient money for health care services, and needed to work.CONCLUSION: Study concluded that the factors like marital status, sufficient income, savings,healthcare services are influencing the quality of life among aging in Thailand.