Development Of Rural Areas Research Articles

AGROPOLITAN PLANNING AS A STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE LIVING AMONG RURAL POOR COMMUNITIES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Although Malaysia's poverty rate has decreased, there are still people who suffer from extreme poverty, especially in rural areas. The agropolitan project aims to eradicate extreme poverty and accelerate development in rural areas. The achievements of agropolitan projects are evaluated through the extent to which they help participants to get out of extreme poverty and are measured using Poverty Line Income (PLI). A study using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) was conducted at the Gahai Agropolitan Project, Lipis, Pahang, and involved 45 participants. Research data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 software and Microsoft Excel. Studies indicate that the Gahai Agropolitan Project can eradicate poverty and contribute to sustainable livelihoods. From the aspect of sustainable living, the study results show that the participants of the Gahai Agropolitan Project experience high vulnerability. Moreover, asset ownership analysis reveals that the Gahai Agropolitan Project participants have good asset ownership.

The Phenomenon of Rural Tourism and the Participation of the Diversification Strategy: The Case of Recanto dos Pomares

Objective: To analyze the rural diversification strategy through the exploration of tourism in rural areas. Theoretical Framework: The diversification strategy in the context of rural tourism involves expanding offerings and services to attract different tourist profiles, aiming to reduce dependence on a single market segment and increase competitiveness. This approach can be applied in various ways, such as introducing new activities, enhancing local products, and offering immersive experiences that promote the development of rural areas. Method: In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative and exploratory approach was adopted. The study was developed based on responses collected through a questionnaire sent to the surveyed property owner. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that among the factors influencing the choice of the diversification strategy through rural tourism exploration and access to available resources are the expansion of income sources, the encouragement to be part of a route that values rural business, the continuation of the work of ancestors, and the improvement of the family unit's quality of life. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications provide insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of livelihood diversification strategy, including the exploration of tourism in rural areas. Originality/Value: In this sense, the rural diversification strategy enhances the quality of life in rural areas, thus boosting the development of these areas both economically and in terms of environmental preservation.

Устойчивое развитие сельских территорий как приоритетное направление развития аграрного сектора экономики Краснодарского края

The article examines the development features of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Krasnodar Territory. The purpose of this study is to assess the development of the regional agricultural economy and propose measures to ensure sustainable development of rural areas in the face of external challenges and internal industry tensions. Analytical, graphical, and comparative research methods were used in the article. The study shows structural disproportions in the number of urban and rural populations. The causes of the migration process of rural areas in the region are determined. The socio-economic indicators of rural development characterizing the level of employment, wages, and improvement in rural areas are studied. The dynamics of agricultural production in the region is considered. The investment activity of economic entities in agricultural production is shown. A detailed analysis of the structure of expenditures of the federal budget and the budget of the Krasnodar Territory in terms of implementing measures to support entities of the agro-industrial complex is performed. The main areas of development of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at the sustainable development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory are determined. As a result of the study, destabilizing factors that pose a threat to stability in the development of the agricultural sector of the region's economy are identified. The problems that slow down the economic development of the agricultural sector in the region are shown. To neutralize them, it is proposed to implement a number of measures aimed at the sustainable development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory. The main areas of development of the agricultural sector of the region's economy are determined, including the elimination of high stratification of the population by income level, state support for the development of the scientific and technological potential of the region and the attraction of modern technologies, developments and innovations and their application in the branches of the agro-industrial complex.

An Analysis of Migration during Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has been negatively impacting the entire world economy. The plight of migrants and their struggle to return home in the period of lockdown has been highlighted during lockdown. The migrants see no future in returning to cities; they want to go back to their homeland and are prepared to make the very minimum of money that is possible there. The COVID-19 pandemic has generally resulted in reverse migration, which has highlighted the importance of addressing migrant workers' socioeconomic needs and promoting inclusive and sustainable development in both urban and rural areas. This paper analyses the scenario of migration in India during the pandemic period and the evaluation of current policy responses by the central government and state governments. These initiatives supported the reintegration of returning migrant workers into the local economy, promoted sustainable livelihoods through employment and entrepreneurship, and helped offer immediate assistance to them. The welfare of millions of migrant workers and the management of the migration crisis depended heavily on cooperation between the central and state governments. The purpose of this article is to discuss the crises of reverse migration amid Covid 19 and the initiatives taken by the Government of India. The article uses PLFS 2020-21 data to analyze the issue. It observes that the female migration rates have been steadily increasing during the period 2020-21. The majority of migrants in intra-state movement are women, and the majority of migrants in inter-state migration are men. The primary causes of migration brought on by COVID-19 include health issues, the departure of a parent or other family member who earns money, job loss or a lack of work opportunities.

Turismo agroecológico: un enfoque transdisciplinario para el desarrollo sostenible en zonas rurales

This article describes the transdisciplinary approach of agroecological tourism as a strategy for sustainable development in rural areas in the state of Barinas. Agroecological tourism has established itself as a promising alternative for sustainable development in rural areas, offering a series of economic, social and environmental benefits to local communities. However, to achieve truly sustainable development, it is essential to adopt a transdisciplinary approach that integrates various perspectives and disciplines. In this sense, the methodology used in this study was based on in-depth interviews with specialists trained in the Diploma in Agroecological Tourist Routes for Sustainable Development. Through descriptive research with a qualitative approach, three stages were implemented, using epistemic matrices for data collection. The results obtained in this study suggest that agroecological tourism is a viable and sustainable alternative for rural development in various regions of the world. Based on the conclusions and recommendations derived from this approach, it can be stated that the transdisciplinary approach to agroecological tourism provides significant advantages for sustainable development in rural areas. It is crucial to understand this tourism modality as a complex system that interacts with its environment, promoting the active participation of local communities in decision-making and in the design of agroecological tourism strategies.

Development Strategy of Jumog Waterfall as a Tourist Attraction in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java

This study focuses on the development strategies of Jumog Waterfall as a tourist attraction in Berjo Village, Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. Known as the "Lost Paradise," Jumog Waterfall offers a unique natural appeal with its pristine water sourced directly from Mount Lawu. The main objectives of this research are to identify the tourism potential of the waterfall, analyze the challenges faced by the local community in developing the site, and propose strategies for sustainable development. The research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating observational studies and semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, including local residents, tourism managers, and visitors. The findings reveal that Jumog Waterfall possesses significant tourism potential due to its natural beauty, accessible facilities, and the active involvement of the local community. However, the development of this site is hindered by issues such as land ownership disputes, insufficient government support in training local entrepreneurs, and a lack of distinctive local products that could enhance the tourist experience. The study suggests that collaboration between the local government and the community is crucial to overcoming these challenges. Recommended strategies include improving infrastructure, offering training programs for local businesses, enhancing promotional efforts through digital platforms, and developing unique local products that reflect the cultural heritage of the area. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable tourism development in rural areas and underscores the importance of community participation in managing and preserving natural attractions. The findings are expected to inform policymakers and stakeholders involved in the tourism sector, ultimately fostering economic growth and improving the quality of life for the residents of Berjo Village.

Women’s Economic Empowerment Through Agriculture: Analyzing Barriers and Solutions

This paper focuses on the economic empowerment of women in the agricultural sector in Afghanistan. It aims to highlight the critical role that women play in agriculture and the necessity of addressing the barriers they face to enhance their participation and contributions to sustainable development. The methodology employed in this research involves a comprehensive analysis of the barriers hindering women's economic empowerment in agriculture. This includes examining social, economic, and legal challenges, as well as proposing actionable solutions to overcome these obstacles. The key findings of this study reveal that women's empowerment in agriculture is significantly impacted by factors such as limited access to education, financial resources, and decision-making processes. The results indicate that addressing these barriers can lead to improved economic outcomes for women and contribute to the overall development of the agricultural sector in Afghanistan. The implications of these findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions and support programs. The findings of this research are crucial for informing policy-making and planning efforts aimed at promoting gender equality in agriculture. By recognizing the importance of empowering women economically, stakeholders can implement strategies that foster inclusive growth and sustainable development in rural areas.

Sustainability Benefit Evaluation and Optimization of Rural Public Spaces Under Self-Organization Theory

Agriculture-oriented rural areas represent one of the forms of specialized agricultural practices and economic development. Public spaces serve as critical carriers within the rural spatial system. Rural public spaces are divided into two forms: explicit spaces and implicit spaces. The interaction between these forms significantly influences the morphological evolution of rural public spaces. This study takes the ancient village cluster in Anyi, Nanchang City, China as a case study. By collecting POI (Point of Interest) data and conducting surveys on visitors’ landscape preferences, it employs a life circle spatial division method and the VEISD (Village Evaluation Indicators for Sustainable Development) entropy model to evaluate the sustainability benefits of rural public spaces. Based on the evaluation results, the study proposes a control and guidance method for public spaces under self-organization theory. This method leverages the interference effects of explicit rural public spaces on implicit spaces to optimize rural public spaces. The study focuses on the planning and renovation of public space nodes in Luotian Village. By adjusting the sub-indicator “Village Public Environment Construction D22”, it validates the scientific robustness of the systems analysis theory and the VEISD framework. By adjusting the spatial layout and attributes of a critical spatial node—the Ancient Camphor Tree Square in Luotian Village—within rural public space planning, the study advances the guidance and control of public spaces during the self-organization evolution of rural areas. It enhances the openness of spatial forms and the functional integration of public space nodes. The results demonstrate that this method can analyze the vitality characteristics of factors within subsystems through the layout and indicator system of rural public spaces. It also validates the findings via correlation tests with the demands for POI and landscape preferences, ultimately constructing the VEISD framework for rural public spaces. This research provides theoretical support for optimizing the resource transformation and utilization of rural public spaces, offering a reference model for the sustainable development of rural areas.

Coupling Agricultural Green Development and Park City Development: An Empirical Analysis from Chengdu, China

The development of park cities is an important exploration for better satisfying people’s aspirations for a better life, promoting sustainable social development, and advancing the transformation of green ecological values. As a basic industry for sustainable development, the combination of agriculture and urban development is an important way to build an ecological civilization. Clarifying the relationship between a park city and green development of agriculture is of great significance to the construction of a green base and ecological system of the city, sustainable development of agriculture, and integrated development of urban and rural areas. Chengdu is a mega-city in western China, and the Chengdu-led park city development program is unique in Chinese urban development. Chengdu’s park city development is a pioneering example of urban ecological civilization construction. Taking Chengdu as an example and combining the data of other prefecture-level cities in Sichuan, this study explored the correlation and interaction between agricultural green development (AGD) and park city development (PCD) in Chengdu and other prefecture-level cities in Sichuan from 2011 to 2022 based on the coupling coordination degree, gray correlation degree, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed the following: (1) Based on the entropy method, the level of AGD in Chengdu rises from 0.353 in 2011 to 0.537 in 2022, and the level of PCD rises from 0.368 to 0.826. The level of AGD and the level of PCD as a whole show an upward trend. (2) The degree of coupling and coordination between the PCD and AGD levels rises from 0.600 to 0.816, realizing the leap from coordination to good coordination, and the degree of coupling has been at a high level. (3) Based on the grey correlation degree, in the process of the influence of AGD on the PCD, the correlation degree of the influencing factors of each indicator is basically above 0.5, and each influencing factor has a strong contribution to the level of the PCD. (4) Spatial self-analysis shows that the coupling coordination degree of AGD and PCD in a region is affected by the neighboring region. Therefore, we believe that AGD plays a more obvious role in driving and radiating PCD and that it can effectively promote the economic, social, and ecological upgrading in the process of PCD.

Indigenous Roofing and Re-Roofing Technology of Traditional Ivatan House Practiced in Uyugan, Batanes, Philippines: Addressing Perspective of SDG 11

Objective: The objective of this study is to document the indigenous roofing and re-roofing practices of the Uyuganeos in Uyugan, Batanes, Philippines, with the aim of preserving the traditional knowledge and fostering community engagement through sustainable practices, addressing the perspective of SDG 11. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the concepts of indigenous knowledge systems, sustainable architecture, and community-based resource management. Theories on cultural heritage conservation and community-driven development provide a strong foundation for understanding the significance of these practices within the context of SDG 11, focusing on sustainable cities and communities. Method: The research employs an ethnographic design, utilizing unstructured questionnaires and participant observation to document the roofing and re-roofing processes. Data collection was further validated through a focus group discussion involving the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)-Batanes, the Kamañidungan Association, and Batanes State College. Results and Discussion: The study reveals that roofing and re-roofing in Uyugan follow a step-by-step process that typically spans two to three days. Central to this practice is the spirit of bayanihan, with community members collaborating, including preparing meals for the workers. The process is divided into two key parts: (1) preparation of materials and other preliminary tasks, and (2) the actual roofing or re-roofing. These traditional practices are crucial for preserving cultural heritage and community solidarity. Research Implications: This research provides valuable insights into the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge, particularly in rural communities. It highlights how these practices can contribute to the promotion of sustainable development through community involvement, reinforcing the need for documentation and revitalization efforts to ensure intergenerational knowledge transfer. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by documenting an indigenous roofing and re-roofing practice that has been passed down through generations. The findings underscore the value of preserving traditional knowledge systems as a means of fostering sustainable and resilient communities. The research is significant in revitalizing bayanihan practices and promoting sustainable development in rural areas.

The Structure and Dynamics of Creative Tourism: An ePortfolio Approach

Contributing to limited knowledge of creative tourism product development and operationalization processes in small cities and rural areas, ePortfolios were used as an online fieldnote depository for photographs and texts, which were entered by geographically dispersed researchers within the CREATOUR research-and-application project. The ePortfolios, as a type of research diary, record and examine the ways in which 48 different creative tourism activities were structured, organized, and implemented. The thematic analysis of this empirical data identified five temporally distinct organizational moments that comprise the creative tourism activities and reveal the nuances of active participation, learning, and community engagement as key elements characterizing creative tourism activities. Findings indicate that creative tourism activities are fertile ground for the contemporary tourist trends of wanting to go beyond “gazing” and to experience active involvement, which in these activities involved four different types of active participation. The ePortfolios also highlight the significance of the learning component within creative tourism, illustrating some ways in which learning is integrated into tourism activities. Links to the community are revealed with, for example, elderly women acting as artisan teachers, through which local participation is enabled and communication between visitors and residents is fostered. The use of ePortfolios as an “exploratory” research platform and tool in tourism research is also discussed, for example, in terms of stimulating creative expression and offering researchers freedom to present discovered aspects that may not be captured in “preplanned” data forms and processes.

Research on the Measurement of Urban-Rural Integration Level in Sichuan Province

Promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas is of great significance for narrowing the development gap between urban and rural areas, establishing a new type of urban-rural relationship, and achieving high-quality socialist modernization. This paper focuses on Sichuan Province and constructs an indicator system for the degree of urban-rural integration based on four dimensions: economic integration, social integration, population integration, and spatial integration. Then, using the entropy value method, it conducts a quantitative evaluation of the development status of urban-rural integration in the province from 2013 to 2022 to reveal the dynamic changes in its level of urban-rural integration. The results show that from 2013 to 2022, the overall level of urban-rural integration in Sichuan Province has shown an upward trend. Among the dimensions of urban-rural integration, social integration and spatial integration have achieved significant results, not only showing good current integration trends but also demonstrating rapid development speeds, presenting a positive development trend. In contrast, economic integration and population integration have performed less satisfactorily, with integration levels remaining at a relatively low level and slower development speeds, urgently requiring further optimization and improvement to achieve comprehensive and balanced urban-rural integration. The results indicate that the overall level of urban-rural integration in Sichuan Province is currently low, with disparities in regional development, unequal distribution of public services and infrastructure, and prominent issues of semi-urbanization in different areas.

Unbalanced rural development in underdeveloped areas: rurality and human settlements

IntroductionThe continuous migration of rural populations to urban areas poses a significant threat to food production and sustainable development in underdeveloped regions. Consequently, planning farmers’ livelihoods and optimizing their living environments are crucial for addressing rural challenges. Rurality represents the fundamental attributes of the countryside, serving as an accurate measure of the stages and characteristics of rural development and providing valuable support for policy formulation.MethodsIn this study, 87 counties (districts) in Gansu Province were selected as samples to construct and evaluate a rurality evaluation index system. The Geographical Detector Model and Pearson’s correlation analysis were applied to examine the relationship between the rurality index and key factors of the human settlement environment and identify pathways for rural development.ResultsThe findings demonstrated that the rurality index effectively reflects the spatiotemporal patterns of rural development, demonstrating a steady increase from west to east across Gansu Province. Various human settlement factors influence the spatial distribution of the rurality index, with humanities factors emerging as the primary drivers. Based on their dominant factors, the counties in Gansu Province were categorized into three groups for policy formulation: external economy-driven rural areas, endogenous resource-driven rural areas, and location-constrained rural areas.DiscussionHowever, it was also recognized that the rurality index alone does not comprehensively capture the current state of rural agricultural development. To propose effective, regional, and integrated rural development policies for underdeveloped areas, it is essential to combine agricultural development policies with an analysis of the existing rural living environment.

Desain Jaringan Fiber to The Home di Desa Butuh Kidul

This study aims to design a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) network in Butuh Kidul Village, Tengaran District, Semarang Regency. In today's digital era, access to fast and stable internet is a fundamental need for communities. However, many rural areas in Indonesia, including Butuh Kidul Village, still lack adequate internet access. FTTH networks provide a solution by utilizing fiber optic cables that can transmit data at high speeds and with large bandwidth capacity. This research employs the Passive Optical Network (PON) method as the network architecture to enhance efficiency and scalability. The expected outcome is that the local community will benefit from improved internet access, supporting digital village programs and enhancing the quality of life and economic potential. This research is anticipated to serve as a reference for similar network developments in other rural areas.

Rural Industries and Their Role in the Development of Rural Areas and Afghanistan's National Economy

Afghanistan's predominantly rural population faces severe economic and social challenges, such as poverty, unemployment, and migration to urban areas due to over-reliance on agriculture. This study explores the role of rural industries in addressing these issues by examining their potential to improve economic conditions in rural areas and their contribution to the national economy. It also identifies the primary challenges to developing these industries and proposes strategies for overcoming them. Findings suggest that rural industries have the potential to reduce poverty, create employment, and increase household income, contributing significantly to Afghanistan’s rural development. However, inadequate infrastructure, limited investment, and market access remain substantial barriers. This study aims to examine the role of rural industries in the development of rural areas and their impact on Afghanistan's national economy. Additionally, it seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities for developing these industries and propose strategies for improving their current state. In this study, I aim to address the following questions: What role do rural industries play in the economic development of rural areas in Afghanistan? What are the major challenges to the development of rural industries in Afghanistan? And how can the potential of rural industries be harnessed to strengthen the national economy?, This review study utilizes both analytical and descriptive approaches and relies on credible scientific sources and field data. The information collected includes academic articles, government reports, and statistical data related to rural industries in Afghanistan. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental impacts of rural industries. The findings indicate that the development of rural industries can significantly improve the economy of Afghanistan's rural areas. These industries, by creating employment opportunities, increasing income, and reducing poverty, play a key role in strengthening the national economy. Additionally, the identification of challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and insufficient investment highlights the primary barriers to the development of rural industries in the country.

Revealing the rural multifunctionality declining and its causes in depopulated regions of Northeast China: a case study of Heilongjiang Province

As the main form of global rural decline, the impact of rural population loss on the overall level and trend of rural multifunction is still unclear. Thus, it is crucial to reveal the characteristics and influencing factors of rural multifunction changes in depopulation areas which is important to actively deal with depopulation and promote sustainable development in rural areas. Based on an evaluation of rural multifunctionality from 2000 to 2020, the spatial statistical analysis method and a geographical model were used to reveal the declining characteristics of rural multifunction in the depopulation area, as well as the effects of the influencing factors in the whole region and under various population size areas. The results show that demographic changes had a significant impact on rural multifunction development. Compared to areas with population growth, the weakening of rural multifunctionality was more likely to occur in counties with depopulation. The negative impact of population shrinkage on rural multifunction development was shown in our results as an inverted “U” shape. In the process of demographic shrinkage, the dominant factors affecting rural multifunctionality in the whole region tended to be diversified, but the population urbanization rate was always the main factor. Among regions with different population sizes, natural factors played important roles in the development of rural multifunction, and depopulation enhanced the impact of economic factors. The interaction effect of natural, social, and economic factors was stronger than that of a single factor in rural multifunction. In the process of depopulation, the interaction effect was more and more polarized. The interaction effect of economic and natural factors enhanced, but which was the most stable in mid-population-size areas. Thus, to alleviate rural decline and realize rural revitalization, the trend of demographic change should be given attention to keep a moderate population size, as well as we should actively deal with the impact of population shrinkage on rural multifunction according to different stages of population shrinkage.

The Role of Banking Digitalization in Enhancing Business Capacity among Rural Communities in Indonesia

The digitalization of banking has emerged as a transformative force in enhancing financial inclusion and supporting economic growth, particularly in rural communities. This study examines the role of banking digitalization in improving business capacity among rural communities in Indonesia. By leveraging digital banking services such as mobile banking, e-wallets, and online loan platforms, rural entrepreneurs can access financial resources, manage transactions efficiently, and participate in broader economic activities. The findings reveal that digital banking reduces barriers to credit access, increases financial literacy, and promotes entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it enables rural businesses to integrate into the digital economy, fostering resilience and growth in local markets. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps, infrastructure limitations, and trust issues must be addressed to maximize the potential of banking digitalization. This study underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among policymakers, financial institutions, and community stakeholders to ensure equitable access and sustainable development in rural areas. Keywords: Banking digitalization, rural communities, business capacity, financial inclusion, digital economy

Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas in China

High-quality development refers to an efficient, equitable and sustainable development aimed at meeting the growing needs of individuals for a better life, and is an inevitable requirement for agriculture and rural areas development. Based on data at the provincial level, this study used the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition, and spatial Markov chain to estimate the spatio-temporal differentiation of high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas (HQDAR) in China from 2008 to 2022. Additionally, the geographically and temporally weighted regression was employed to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the level of HQDAR in China increased steadily, and the spatial distribution showed a pattern of highest in the eastern region, followed by the center and the lowest in the west. (2) The HQDAR in China had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. Hot spots were primarily situated in some eastern and central provinces, while cold spots were primarily situated in the western regions. (3) There were clear spatial differences in the HQDAR in China, mainly due to inter-regional differences, followed by intra-regional differences and hypervariable density. (4) The HQDAR in China maintained the stability of the original state and demonstrated an obvious trend of overall upward transfer. The neighborhood background had an important influence on the change in its transfer, and the influence of varying neighborhood backgrounds was different. (5) The influencing factors showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity. The urbanization level, transportation infrastructure, scientific and technological innovation ability, and Internet penetration rate mainly had positive effects, while industrial structure and rural population aging mainly had negative effects. These findings can provide relevant policy recommendations for improving the quality of agriculture and rural areas.

Self-Reported Data for Sustainable Development from People Living in Rural and Remote Areas

This paper describes a dataset for the Sustainable Development of remote and rural areas. Version 1.0 includes self-reported data, with a total of 212 valid responses collected in 2024 across different sectors (education, healthcare, and business) from people living in rural and remote areas in Saudi Arabia. The structured survey is understood to support research endeavors and policy making, looking at the peculiar characteristics of those regions. The 40 core questions, in addition to the detailed demographic questions, aim to capture different perspectives and perceptions on innovative and sustainable solutions. Overall, the dataset offers valuable strategic insights to be integrated with other sources of information, as well as the opportunity to incrementally generate extensive and diverse knowledge in the field. The major limitation is inherently related to the local context, as data comes from the most educated persons with access to digital resources. Additionally, the dataset may be considered as relatively small, and there is some gender imbalance due to cultural factors.

The migration aspect of rural population behavior as an element of demographic behavior modeling

The article discusses the construction of a model for demographic behavior, in particular its structural element, migration behavior. According to the author, rural depopulation has many consequences, including a decrease in the labour resources, deterioration of rural infrastructure and, ultimately, exacerbation of economic problems. Anti-crisis measures aimed at the development of rural areas require close attention to changing the model of demographic behavior of rural residents, including its migration aspect. The article examines the migration behavior of rural residents of the Central Black Earth Economic Region, drawing on Federal State Statistics Service data on rural migration in the region, as well as on 2021–2024 sociological studies on key factors and trends in socio-demographic development. Analysis of statistical information on rural migration in Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, and Tambov regions does not provide a stable trend, since the time factor is not decisive. In the current situation, survey methods provide more accurate information highlighting migration sentiments, readiness, and activity of the rural population. The results of sociological diagnostics were used to substantiate a number of trends in the migration behavior of rural residents.