Rural Communes Research Articles

Polypharmacy among people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural communes in Vietnam.

ObjectivesPeople with diabetes are at high risk of polypharmacy owing to complex treatment of diabetes and comorbidities. Polypharmacy is associated with increased risk of adverse reactions and decreased compliance. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess polypharmacy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated diabetes-related factors in rural areas in Vietnam.MethodPeople with T2D (n = 806) who had received treatment for diabetes at a district hospital were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 types of medicine and assessed as a) prescription medicine and non-prescription/over the counter (OTC) medicine and b) prescription medicine and non-prescription/OTC, herbal and traditional medicine, and dietary supplement. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between polypharmacy and diabetes specific factors: duration, comorbidities and diabetes-related distress.ResultsOf the people with T2D, 7.8% had a medicine use corresponding to polypharmacy (prescription medicine and non-prescription/OTC), and 40.8% when herbal and traditional medicine, and dietary supplement were included. Mean number of medicine intake (all types of medicines and supplements) were 3.8±1.5. The odd ratios (ORs) of polypharmacy (medicine and supplements) increased with diabetes duration (<1–5 years OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.09–2.53 and >5 years OR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.14–2.64 as compared to ≤1-year duration of diabetes), number of comorbidities (1–2 comorbidities: OR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.18–3.42; ≥3 comorbidities: OR = 2.63;95%CI: 1.50–4.61 as compared to no comorbidities), and suffering from diabetes-related distress (OR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.11–2.01) as compared to those without distress.ConclusionsIn rural northern Vietnam, persons with longer duration of T2D, higher number of comorbidities and diabetes-related stress have higher odds of having a medicine use corresponding to polypharmacy. A high proportion of people with T2D supplement their prescription, non-prescription/OTC medicine with herbal and traditional medicine and dietary supplements.

Spatial planning and the development of renewable energy sources in Poland

Due to the damage to the environment and climate caused by the generation of electricity in power plants burning fossil fuels, installations generating it from renewable energy sources are constructed. Spatial development plans for communes should consider their location. In Poland, generation of electricity in photovoltaic cells, wind farms and agricultural biogas plants has the greatest development potential. Due to the nuisance to people and the environment, wind turbines and agricultural biogas plants must be located far from residential buildings. Such conditions exist in sparsely populated rural areas. The observed development of single-family housing in rural areas is the result of the search for cheap construction sites and no local spatial development plans in most areas of rural communes. Dispersed housing construction restricts the construction of wind farms and agricultural biogas plants and thus poses a threat to renewable sources of wind and biogas energy produced in agricultural biogas plants. The situation may be changed by the requirement to include in spatial development plans the needs related to the construction of installations generating electricity from renewable energy sources and the construction of micro and small biogas plants directly at the sites where waste is generated.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNES IN EASTERN POLAND

Reducing development disparities between municipalities requires the development of entrepreneurship, which is an organized process of actions. Entrepreneurship is an interdisciplinary concept that is important for social and economic development. The aim of the article is to assess the entrepreneurship in the aspect of rural communes’ development using a synthetic measure. The assessments were carried out in a system of 484 rural communes of voivodships of eastern Poland. Data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office of 2009 and 2018 were used as source material. In 2018, the TOPSIS method for measuring entrepreneurship ranged from 0.07 to 0.63 and the development measure from 0.23 to 0.62. This confirmed the smaller diversity of rural communes in eastern Poland in the aspect of development, and greater in the aspect of entrepreneurship. The synthetic measure of entrepreneurship was correlated with the measure of development.

Role of Local Investments in Creating Rural Development in Poland

Poland’s rural areas are characterised by a significant degree of development diversity, especially in the case of communes—the smallest territorial units. For development to take place, the entity responsible for its creation must incur the necessary investment expenditures. By implementing the public tasks assigned to them, communes are responsible for ensuring sustainable local development, which indirectly affects regional development and shapes the development of the entire country. Therefore, this article aims to assess the level and diversity of rural commune investment activities and their impact on the development of Poland’s rural areas. The empirical research conducted was aimed at verifying the following hypothesis: “The highest investment activity can be observed primarily in rural communes located in Eastern Poland”. The Regions of Eastern Poland are characterised by their peripheral location, both in the country and all of the EU. The research covered the 2007–2018 period due to a particular increase in local investment projects thanks to such factors as obtaining EU funding, as well as others. The research included one- and multidimensional analyses of the phenomenon examined with the use of the TOPSIS method to obtain the value of the synthetic measure of the rural commune investment activity level. The designated investment activity classes were the basis for the analysis of their links with their location within the macroregion, as well as their socio-economic status. The research has shown that the most pro-investment municipalities are located primarily in the Southern and Eastern Macroregions while those spending the least on investment projects are situated in the North-Western and Northern Macroregions. Thus, the research hypothesis put forth in the article has been confirmed. This delimitation is due to additional state resources being provided to the less developed eastern areas of Poland. Citizens living in these regions can not only take advantage of the funding provided as part of the Regional Operational Programmes, but also the Eastern Poland Programme dedicated to helping them.

Spatial Differentiation of Agricultural Potential and the Level of Development of Voivodeships in Poland in 2008–2018

Polish agriculture is characterized by regional differentiation. These differences affect the production potential, generate income, or development which is an indispensable element of economic efficiency. The aim of the article is to assess the spatial diversification of agriculture potential in relation to the development of voivodeships in Poland using a synthetic measure. Choice of variables in 2009–2018 was conditioned by the availability of data collected in the city system at the Central Statistical Office. Method of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution was used to build synthetic measures. The synthetic measure of agricultural potential in voivodships in Poland was negatively correlated with the measure of the natural environment, the measure of infrastructure, the number of unemployed and the area of forest land. It was correlated with the area of arable land, number of tractors, cattle population, pigs and the production of milk, basic crops, sugar beet. The measure of the voivodeship development is negatively correlated with the synthetic measure of agricultural potential, area of arable land, arable land and number of people employed in agriculture. Conclusions drawn may allow local governments to define potential directions of optimization of socio-economic development of rural communes.

The Use of Spatial Metrics and Population Data in Mapping the Rural-Urban Transition and Exploring Models of Urban Growth in Hanoi, Vietnam

The process by which cities (or urban areas) expand over time has remained a key focus for geographers, ecologists and other scientists interested in urban phenomena for decades. This study investigated the use of spatial metrics and population data for defining and mapping rural-urban transition zones in Hanoi and exploring urban growth models. The analysis showed that in 2010, about 30% of communes within Hanoi could be defined as rural, 38% as peri-urban and 32% as urban. The peri-urban communes showed a greater level of landscape fragmentation and a higher pace of population growth than rural communes. The urban landscape of Hanoi in 2010 shows characteristics of both transportation corridors and dispersed sites models—the two least eco-friendly models of urbanization. This study provides an effective method for mapping such rural-urban transition and identifies forms of urbanization in places where other socio-economic data sources are limited. This is particularly useful for planners and development agencies that require reliable methods for collecting and analysing data, which can enable them to assess variables along the rural-to-urban continuum.

PESANTEURS SOCIOCULTURELLES ET LEURS IMPACTS SUR LES ACTIVITES DE DEVELOPPEMENT DANS LA REGION DE MARADI AU NIGER

The study is part of an agreement between the World Food Program (WFP) and the University Dan DickoDankoulodo of Maradi. Its objective is to analyze the socio-cultural factors related to the development activities undertaken by WFP. It was carried out in three WFP intervention areas, namely: GuidanYaro located in the rural commune of Baoudeta (local government of Tessaoua), Tambaraoua Amani located in the rural commune of Chadakori (local government of GuidanRoumdji), and the village of Maya da rojiya located in the urban commune of Mayahi (local government of Mayahi). The results indicated that the package of activities undertaken by WFP and its partners (rural development, education and nutrition) improved the living conditions of assisted house hold in all the villages. However, several gravities have been identified by this study. That is ignorance which has an impact on the education of children, illiteracy which limits the ability to obtain and understand information, the lack of regular attendance at health centers which causes illness to persist. Also, the lack of accountability of men in household expenses coupled with the rural exodus increase the vulnerability of women and children, followed by a lack of labor for development activities. On the other hand, it shows the overload of womens work limiting their participation in development activities and the spirit of the population to be always assisted which impacts the management of natural resources with a lack of personal initiative. On the other hand, it shows the overload of womens work limiting their participation in development activities and the spirit of the population to be always assisted which impacts the management of natural resources with a lack of personal initiative. In addition, the results highlight certain cultural ceremonies which seriously impact the level of education of children and the debt of parents. other forms of ceremony limit womens participation in development activities.

Human agency in disaster risk reduction: theoretical foundations and empirical evidence from people with disabilities

ABSTRACT To date, the agency of people with disabilities has seldom been elaborated theoretically and empirically in disaster research. Drawing on the capability approach, this paper examines the agency of people with disabilities to deal with disasters. Their agency is explored in relation to their participation in decision-making processes which has long regarded as a means to disaster risk reduction. A case study design with the use of focus group discussions and interviews was adopted in this study. A rural commune in Vietnam was selected as a case study context. The study found that, in most cases, people with disabilities need to participate in decision-making processes in order to achieve their valuable capabilities for their safety in times of disaster. This process of participation can be seen as both an end and a means. As an end, it refers to involvement in decision-making processes. As a means, it is viewed as a process in which people with disabilities individually or collectively exert their agency (i.e. raising their voice, influencing the decision-making and transforming the decisions into actions). For participation as a means to be achieved, however, participation as an end must be secured.

Vegetation Dynamics in the Northern Zones of Niger: Case of the Rural Commune of Tanout (Zinder) and Aderbissinat (Agadez)

The present study conducted in the northern zone of Niger aims to show the impact of land use dynamics on woody vegetation. The methodological approach consisted in making in addition to the floristic surveys, the analysis of land use maps (LANDSAT images of the years 1975 and 2018). The floristic inventory allowed the identification of twenty-seven (27) woody species of which eleven (11) in Tanout and sixteen (16) in Aderbissinat. The most important families remain the Fabaceae-Mimosoideae which represent 37.5% at Aderbissinat and 45.45% at Tanout. The biological types remain dominated by microphanerophytes which dominate (86.67%), while for the phytogeographic types it is the Sudano-Zambezian and Sudanian species that dominate, with proportions respectively equal to 31.25%. There is a regression of woody vegetation at the level of these communes with a slight loss in Aderbissinat (60588,034 ha) and an accentuated degradation of vegetation in Tanout (781797,738 ha).

High Aedes spp. larval indices in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

BackgroundDengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), increases in cases of dengue and outbreaks of yellow fever and chikungunya have been reported since 2010. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, have been reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread to guide disease control efforts.MethodsIn 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Within the peri-domestic area of each household, searches were conducted for larval habitats, which were then surveyed for the presence of Aedes larvae and pupae. A subset of the immature specimens were reared to adults for morphological identification followed by DNA barcoding of the specimens to validate identifications.ResultsThe most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest pupal index (number of Aedes spp. pupae per 100 inspected houses) at 246 (20) pupae/100 houses, and Breteau index (BI; number of containers positive for immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 households) at 82.2 (19.5) positive containers/100 houses for the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The BI was 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili in the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The house index (number of houses positive for at least one container with immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 inspected houses) was, on average, across all communes, 27.5% (7.6%); and the container index (number of containers positive for immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 inspected containers) was 15.0% (10.0%) for the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes-positive containers were found outside the houses [adjusted odds ratio 27.4 (95% confidence interval 14.9–50.1)]. During the dry season, the most productive containers were the ones used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season rubbish and tires constituted key habitats. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found. Anopheles larvae were found in different types of Aedes larval habitats, especially during the rainy season.ConclusionsIn both surveys and in all communes, the larval indices (BI) were higher than the arbovirus transmission threshold values established by the World Health Organization. Management strategies for controlling Aedes in Kinshasa need to target the key types of containers for Aedes larvae, which are mainly located in outdoor spaces, for larval habitat destruction or reduction.Graphical

Boris N. Chicherin and Karl Marx. A Confrontation of Ideas

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the fundamentally opposite positions of the liberal Boris N. Chicherin and the socialist Karl Marx on two fundamental issues where they engaged in polemics, albeit indirectly. The first part of the article examines the issue of the Russian rural commune, its present and future, and the place and rights of individuals in that community. Chicherin saw these communes as an institution of peasant enslavement and an obstacle to Russia’s development. Marx saw them as the most important resource for building socialism, as the main form of organizing agriculture via socialized land. The second part of the article analyzes Chicherin’s and Marx’s interpretations of dialectics and how these interpretations influenced their understandings of economic and social reality. The two interpretations of dialectics provide two fundamentally different pictures of capitalism and socialism, on individuality and personal freedom.

The Barbet Movement in the Times of the French Revolution: Peasants, Counter-Revolutionaries, Bandits?

During the French Revolution, an anti-French rebel movement, known as the barbets, took place at the territories of the County of Nice and Piedmont. Barbets were the forerunners of the Italian Insorgenze of 1796—1814. At the territories where the barbets units operated, the power of the new French administration was weak, the roads were unsafe, robbery and smuggling flourished. From time to time, small and large uprisings broke out in rural communes and cities in the region. The Nice region and part of Piedmont were in a state of permanent civil war, which in the official French discourse was called “banditisme” or “brigandage”. The rise of the Barbet movement was in 1796—1800. Only at the time of the Consulate the French government managed to partially eliminate this threat to order and civil peace. The author of the article, based on archive sources and newest historiography, presents a new view on the barbet movement, paying a special attention to clan conflicts among rioters and the social composition of this popular movement in general.

Service Nomadism of the Roma / Gypsies in the Russian Empire: A Social Norm and the Letter of the Law

The article reconstructs a long and conflicting story of mutual adjustment between various Roma communities practicing "service nomadism" as an economic model and lifestyle, on the one hand, and the evolving Russian imperial regime, on the other. Different groups of Roma who made their way to Russia at various times and under various circumstances, specialized in providing particular services to the immobile local populations, and in order to make their business economically sustainable, they had to move around in search of new customers. In turn, the Russian government was motivated by concerns about enforcing social control and, even more so, securing fiscal revenues from the population. This explains the persistent attempts of the government since the 1760s to ascribe Roma to regular social estates and then to make them register as permanent residents with urban or rural communes. Furthermore, taking upon itself mission civilisatrice, the imperial regime perceived sedentarization as a necessary precondition for the primitive "nomads" to advance to a higher civilization stage as settled agriculturists or artisans. Roma were ready to pay taxes but not to give up their mobility. They would even obtain the formal status of private serfs, paying the landowners the required dues in exchange for travel permits that allowed them to migrate legally. The government persistently closed one loophole after another trying to make Roma settle permanently, which led to the destruction of Roma economic practices and made them paupers, which eventually contributed to rising criminality and social tensions. There was a legal way of accommodating nomads in the Russian Empire by granting them the status of inorodtsy. However, the imperial regime did not pursue this option, in contrast to its treatment of Siberian indigenous peoples or the Jews.

Koszty systemu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w gminach w ujęciu procesowym

The aim of this article is to identify the processes involved in the management of municipal waste in communes and to determine their cost-intensity. The research was carried out on 40 randomly selected communes of the Podlaskie voivodeship, which ensure the representativeness for this region. The following research methods were used: studies of the literature on the subject, analysis of national and local legal acts, and analysis of reports on the implementation of the budget for 2019. In addition, the multiple regression method was used to determine the level of influence of the explanatory variables (costs attributed to the processes of the municipal waste management system) on the explained variable (total costs of the municipal waste management system). The research shows that in a process approach, this system includes seven processes: establishing the legal framework for the system’s operation; providing the technical infrastructure; determining the method of financing the service; selecting the service contractor; collecting and transporting municipal waste; managing municipal waste; as well as controlling and monitoring the system. The analysis of the budget execution reports of 40 communes in the Podlaskie voivodeship shows that the municipal waste management systems generating the highest costs are in municipalities and cities with poviat rights and the lowest in rural communes, while the highest level of costs per capita are in urban-rural communes. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis determined that processes 5 and 6 – collection and transport of municipal waste – as well as its management, are the most cost-intensive and also determine the total system costs.

Hydrogeological Characterization and Groundwater Resources Assessment of the Chtouka Coastal Aquifer (SOUTH-WEST, Morocco)

The coastal aquifer of Chtouka, with an area of 1250 km2, is located south of Agadir city in the Massa basin. The Chtouka aquifer is made up of a complex of heterogeneous formations mainly represented by alluvium and Plio-Quaternary lacustrine limestones which rest on the marls and sandy marls of the Miocene, which constitutes the substratum of this aquifer. The groundwater of the Chtouka aquifer is mainly used for agricultural and drinking water supply of Biougra, Ait Amira centers, and the rural communes of the plain. The average water withdrawals from the groundwater during the period of 2000-2015 are estimated at 85 Mm3/year, of which 90% corresponds to withdrawals by agricultural pumping. These withdrawals generated 58 Mm3/year which has led to a depletion of the groundwater reserves. The aquifer reservoir is mainly supplied by the infiltration of rainwater and partly by the irrigation water percolation by gravity which covers only 2% of the irrigation perimeter with a surface area of 17260 ha. The analysis of piezometric records, carried out for the series of years 1968-2020, showed a general decrease of groundwater level with drawdown values between 3 and 35 m. The sectors most affected by this decrease are located in the northern half where values reach 35 m in the northwest, 9 m in the north around Biougra Ait Amira, and around 14 m in the south. Further east, the recorded cumulative drawdown values oscillate around 8 m. These drawdowns are lower in the coastal zone to the west and hardly exceed 3 m. The obvious drop in the northern sectors of the study area is due to the reduction in groundwater recharge following the succession of dry years, but mainly due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater by agricultural pumping. In the northwest, the drop in the piezometric level is moderated by the impoundment of the modern irrigated perimeter of the Massa large hydraulics, served from the Youssef Ben Tachefine dam water reservoir. To improve our knowledge and our relevant understanding of this aquifer’s functioning, a hydrogeological study was carried out to identify and assess these water resources, in terms of updated piezometric and new balance. Indeed, the aquifer was greatly impacted by the last successive droughts which have hit the region since 2014. This updated assessment of these groundwater resources will contribute to better management of the Chtouka aquifer and will assist the manager in making the right decision regarding water resources planning.

The Philosophical Foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Water Sector in Benin

The presence of private operators in the water sector may seem paradoxical. On the one hand, they have their profit margin to preserve, and on the other, the social aspect to keep in mind. This is a real challenge. The private operator in the water sector must be able to embrace the culture and ethics of water in the environment. This study is conducted in Benin in the Ayizo cultural era in the rural commune of Ze in the arrondissement of Hekanme. In summoning up the culture, one realizes that water is the fruit of another person’s sacrifice, and this implies doing everything possible to ensure that no one lacks it. The rationale for business in the water sector is that private companies in the global context of their emergence can play a constructive role in providing resources or expertise in situations where governments and states are increasingly weak and unable to adequately fulfil their role in the water supply. Corporate social responsibility in the water sector is reflected in the social dimension of pricing. The vast majority of people interviewed in the study area believe that users pay for water. In general, the price of water paid by the population is often lower than the real cost of the service. In addition, there is solidarity between large and small consumers. The vital nature of water requires integrated and sustainable water governance systems. Local citizens, communities and companies must be actively involved in its management.

The Marxist Tradition Against the Grain Anna Yegorova. Rethinking the Category of Class: Tempora Multa of the Plural Subject

The author develops the concept of plural temporality as a tool for revising the Marxist tradition. This concept was not explicitly formulated by Marx, but the author maintains that it takes a latent form in those of his works which expose the inadequacy of understanding historical development through a linear model or as unfolding in stages. The author finds traces of plural temporality in the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right where Marx contrasts the modernity of German philosophy with the anachronistic nature of the German state. The article outlines the concept’s growing influence over a series of works from the Manifesto of the Communist Party to The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. However, it is most distinct in two later texts by Marx devoted to the Russian rural commune (obshchina). Marx notes its unprecedented historical character as a product of pre-capitalist social relations that is nevertheless contemporary with capitalism. Therefore, it is not so a hindrance to the development of capitalism in Russia, but more a model of the type of collective labor and collective property that are an alternative to capitalism. Marx thought that the future revolution, if it happens at the “appropriate time,” would necessarily establish the free development of the rural community and the superiority of Russian society over those countries in which capitalism dominates. The author analyzes the works of Marx’s followers who already consciously use the concept and metaphors of plural temporality in their works such as Ernest Bloch, Antonio Gramsci and Louis Althusser. In conclusion, the concept of plural temporality is not meant to completely refute the idea of a continuous course for history, but instead to elucidate its complex and contingent nature.

Shea Tree State of Settlement According to the Cropping Systems in Burkina Faso [Rural Commune of Komki-Ipala (Tampoussoumdi)

This study was to assess the effect of bush fires and human actions on the settlement status of the shea tree in cropping systems. It was carried out using three farming systems as treatments in which randomized plots were set. Thus, dendrometric data were collected from the shea trees. The sampling concerned twelve plots of 0.5 ha (100 m × 50 m) each and the number of adults of shea trees and that of the regeneration per plot was recorded. Forty-five (45) species divided into 20 families and 36 genera have been identified, with a decreasing number ranging from unburned fallow to fields through burnt fallow. From these results, it emerges that the young shea plants are predominant in the unburned fallow. The mapping using geographic coordinates showed that the shea tree gradually aggregated in the fallows with a higher density. Actions must then be taken to support farmers in the domestication and protection of the shea tree for its effective conservation in cropping systems.

Pożądane zmiany w otoczeniu międzynarodowym a rozwój przedsiębiorstw świadczących usługi noclegowe w województwie lubelskim

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie na podstawie opinii właścicieli całorocznych obiektów noclegowych, jakie zmiany w otoczeniu międzynarodowym stworzyłyby dogodniejsze warunki rozwoju tego typu przedsiębiorstw. Ocena sytuacji została dokonana na podstawie badań własnych przeprowadzonych w kwietniu i maju 2018 r. metodą CATI na próbie 110 podmiotów działających na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Badania pokazały, że prawie co piąty badany przedsiębiorca widział bardzo dużą potrzebę zmian w uwzględnionych w nich obszarach otoczenia międzynarodowego. Jednocześnie co trzeci uczestnik badania nie widział takiej potrzeby wcale. Większą potrzebę zmian odczuwali przedsiębiorcy z gmin miejskich. Mniejsze, zbliżone potrzeby w tym względzie zadeklarowali respondenci z gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich. Choć moc sprawcza przedsiębiorców dotycząca zmian w otoczeniu międzynarodowym jest marginalna, ważne jest, aby mieli oni swoje wizje kształtowania uwarunkowań rozwoju przedsiębiorczości. Powinni je tworzyć i głośno o nich mówić.

Study of the Physicochemical Quality of Irrigation Water in the Rural Commune of Tighassaline (Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco)

Morocco considers itself among the countries that have made great efforts in the field of watersavings. In agriculture, initiatives to switch from traditional irrigation to localized drip irrigation are widelyencouraged. This method of water supply allows farmers to save water and nutrients while ensuring betteryields in terms of quantity and quality. However, this production performance cannot be obtained without theobligatory passage to the analysis of all the factors of production. In this context, we evaluated during this studythe physicochemical quality of two wells supplying the irrigation network of an apple tree farm in the ruralcommune of Tighassaline, Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco.The results showed that the pH values of the two wells are of the order of 7 and those recorded for the electricalconductivity are between 0.37 ms/cm and 0.55 ms/cm. These results demonstrate the quality of the irrigationwater, almost neutral and without any risk of salinity. These constants are supported by other measurements ofanions and cations contained in the water samples taken. In this regard, the concentration of chloride andsulphate is practically low in the two wells, while the concentration of bicarbonate is twice as high in well 2than in well 1. However, the most abundant cation compared to the others is sodium, with a concentration ofthe order of 1.10 meq/l and 0.9 meq/l for well 1 and well 2 respectively. The following study demonstrates theimportance of these analyzes in the appreciation of one of the main production factors and it proves that thewater from the two wells used to supply the irrigation network of the apple tree farm is very good quality.