Rural Areas Of Russia Research Articles

Descriptors of the socio-cultural assessment of rural areas and the activities of the Presidential Grants Fund for the development of the socio-cultural space of rural areas

Introduction. The article examines the problem of the formation of a socio-cultural environment in rural areas with the direct participation of rural schools and non-profit organizations (NGOs) in this process. The current situation of education in rural areas is assessed using traditional methods of assessing educational organizations and, accordingly, the approaches applied to the education system in rural areas lead to the need to develop certain areas of rural school activity and socio-economic components of life and activity of the settlement, that is, rural and rural school development programs are implemented on the basis of traditional assessment. In this regard, in the new socio-economic and political conditions of the development of education and the socio-economic sector in rural areas, there is a need to understand the current requirements for the education system in rural areas of Russia and consider existing support measures from NGOs. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for the use of socio-cultural assessment of educationMaterials and Methods. The main method of research is a content and contextual continuous analysis of the text of the works submitted to the contest "My little Homeland" in the nomination "Village of my dreams – village of the future" and applications of the winners of the Presidential Grants Fund competition in the grant direction "Support of projects in the field of science, education, enlightenment" using the method of socio-cultural assessment of educational organizations, developed and published by us earlier.Results. Descriptors have been identified, the implementation of which will contribute to raising the level of criteria for the socio-cultural expediency of an educational institution in rural areas and, as a result, contribute to the formation of the necessary socio-cultural situation in rural areas. Working with descriptors will allow leveling or will contribute to improving the current socio-cultural and economic situation in rural areas of Russia. The analysis of the activities of the Presidential Grants Fund in the grant direction "Support of projects in the field of science, education, enlightenment" according to the results of the beginning of 2023 is made.Discussion and Conclusions. The conducted research proved the operability of descriptors and criteria of socio-cultural assessment to identify the needs of educational organizations and residents in rural areas of Russia. In the course of the study, it was found that the current activities of the Presidential Grants Fund through the activities of NGOs contribute to the support of projects in the field of science, education, and enlightenment in rural areas of Russia to a small extent. This study may be useful to federal, regional and local government bodies, including education, for monitoring the current situation in rural areas of Russia and making appropriate administrative decisions.

К вопросу о смертности населения и проблемах здравоохранения в сельских поселениях.

In the Russian Federation, the problem of reducing population mortality, incl. in rural settlements. Strategic guidelines and initiatives adopted in regulatory documents at the federal level do not reflect the severity and depth of demographic challenges and processes of depopulation in modern conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze current trends and mortality trends in rural areas in Russia, as well as health problems in rural areas, and make appropriate recommendations and adjustments. Materials and methods. At all stages of the study, analytical materials from official statistics (Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation), data from modern literature sources and regulatory documents were used; processing of statistical data was carried out based on modern software packages SPSS, Excel‑2007. Research methods – study and generalization of experience, statistical, bibliographic. Results. Analysis of the accumulated data showed trends in the mortality of the rural population; specific areas and features inherent in rural healthcare and requiring special attention considering new challenges in the system were clearly shown and systematized. Conclusions. The data obtained can be applied when adjusting and recommendations to existing regional programs operating within the framework of preserving and strengthening the health of the rural population in the territory.

Labour resources for farms

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of social conditions of reproduction of labour resources for farms in modern Russia. Based on the analysis of modern publications of the science-intensive Scopus database, the international experience of the development of farming and labour resources of this category of production organizations is considered. Significant substantive trends in the theoretical part of the study were reflected in the methodology and methods of empirical research conducted by the survey method in the South of Russia (Stavropol Krai). In total, 417 people permanently residing in rural areas of Stavropol Krai took part in the survey. Factor analysis of the survey data made it possible to develop a structural model for choosing living conditions in rural areas as a basic basis for the possible inclusion of the able-bodied population in farming activities. The structural elements of the model are: social guarantees at the federal and regional levels and their implementation at a high quality level, the authorities' concern for the well-being of citizens; favourable socio-ecosystem characteristics of in rural areas associated with high-quality nutrition, the possibility of creativity, preservation of folk traditions, manifestations of social initiative; the possibility of a healthy lifestyle of a modern young family with children in an ecologically clean social communications perceived as a safe habitat; inclusion of rural areas in regional socio–cultural and innovative processes; indigenous living – love for a small homeland. The obtained factor model will help in the development of programs for the effective involvement of new participants in the social group of farming and the development of effective state and regional policies in the field of reproduction of labour resources in rural areas of Russia.

Основы формирования и управления агломерациями в сельских территориях России

The article focuses on the basics of the formation and management of agglomerations in rural areas of Russia. The author’s formulation of the concept of «agglomeration in rural areas» is given. Criteria have been identified for the purpose of determining agglomerations in rural areas, the main of which include the population, the presence of a center or core of the agglomeration, the infrastructural community of municipalities in the agglomeration, the presence of agricultural production in the agglomeration, the presence of sufficiently dense buildings. Based on the criteria presented, the classification of agglomerations in rural areas is given. A model of the mechanism for managing the functioning and development of agglomerations in rural areas is presented. The main aspects of the implementation of the mechanism for managing the functioning and development of agglomerations in rural areas are substantiated, and a logical and graphical model of the phased implementation of the agglomeration management system in rural areas is presented.

Analysis of the Reliability and Comparability of Data on Rural areas in Russia Collected by Federal Executive Authorities

The main point of the problem of duplication or incompleteness of data in various statistical informational systems formed at the federal level is revealed. The comprehensive list of duplications and “white spots” (absence of necessaryinformation) in the compared databases has been compiled, statistical discrepancies in data have been highlighted using a modal example, and measures have been proposed to improve the statistical record-keeping of data on rural areas.

Современное состояние и тенденции развития человеческого капитала АПК и сельских территорий России

One of the priority directions for the development of the modern agrarian economy is the formation and development of human capital in agriculture and rural areas in the context of the strategy of social, economic, and spatial development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state, trends, problems, and ways of human capital development in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas of Russia. Methods of synthesis, analysis, systematization, logical and comparative analysis using information review, and statistical data processing were used as general scientific methods during the research. The paper reveals the essence and structure of human capital in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, characterizes the indicators of its main components, analyzes their dynamics from 2017 to 2022, and identifies trends for further development. The analysis of the state of human capital in the agroindustrial complex and rural areas of Russia allowed us to identify both positive and negative trends in its development. Positive trends include an increase in wages in agriculture, some improvement in the structure of the rural population, active participation of farmers in educational programs, an increase in the share of the rural population with higher education, a decrease in the number of employed people who do not have basic general education, and the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. Among the negative trends are the growth of the natural decline of the rural population, the aging of the population of rural areas, the lack of an attractive image of rural areas, and the low activity of agricultural managers in the creation and development of a personal brand. In conclusion, it is noted that, despite the presence of negative factors, there are real grounds and conditions for the development and improvement of quantitative and qualitative components of human capital in agriculture and rural areas.

Territorial Organization of Medical Care for the Rural Population on the Example of Russia

This article discusses the features of the territorial organization of medical services for the rural population of Russia, taking into account the development of new technologies and the use of these services during the period of the Covid 19 coronovirus infection pandemic. The foreign experience of some countries in the provision of medical services to rural residents at the present stage is analyzed. In particular, what measures are being taken in different countries to improve the provision of primary health care to the rural population, including how telemedicine is used in different regions of the world for this and historical, social-economic and natural factors of the territorial differences in medical care for the rural population in Russia. Among the socio-economic factors, special attention is paid to regional differences in the system of population resettlement, population density, and the level of economic development of the regions. The authors also present regional differences in the development of telemedicine in rural areas of Russia.

The Institutional Environment of Sustainable Rural Development in the Siberian Federal District

The terms "sustainability" and "sustainable development" are now widely used in various fields of human activity. Such collocations as "sustainable universities", "sustainable companies", etc. are not rarely to be found. The use of this terminology has become particularly popular in the context of tangible climate change. For this reason, the concept of sustainable development has been used in rural development studies for quite a long time. In different countries of the world, using this concept for analyzing rural development has both positive and negative sides. In the Russian Federation, there are regulations ("rules of the game") and institutions ("players") that shape the institutional environment for sustainable rural development. In fact, sustainability and prosperity of rural areas in Russia, and in Siberian Federal District in particular, will depend on how the institutional environment is structured. This article attempts to describe the existing institutional environment for the sustainable development of rural areas. Analyzing existing legal acts and the key actors in the field, we have designed the institutional framework, which allows to determine the vector of development of rural areas. This vector can be used in forecasting the achievement of threshold values established by regulatory legal acts of both Federal and regional significance.

World and domestic practice of integrated development of rural areas: perspectives of the territorial approach

Relevance and novelty of the work. The article discusses approaches to supporting rural areas in the countries of the European Union, provides examples of areas for supporting rural areas in different periods. An overview of the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union from the 1950s to the present is presented. Researchers note unsatisfactory living conditions in rural areas of Russia, a large territorial differentiation of the quality of life. The authors reveal the main mechanisms of the integrated development of rural areas in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the modern socioeconomic situation of rural areas in Russia and foreign practice, they consider the potential opportunities for rural development in the future and the feasibility of diversifying the rural economy for the sustainable development of rural areas in Russia; give proposals for urgent actions that contribute to the formation of an active position of the population in rural development and the massive involvement of the rural community in activities aimed at the integrated development of rural areas. Objective. Based on the analysis of the agricultural policy of the European Union and the current socio-economic situation of rural areas in Russia, develop proposals for involving the rural community in the development of initiative projects within the framework of the Departmental target program "Modern appearance of rural areas" and for their implementation. Propose topical directions for diversification of the rural economy as a mechanism for an integrated approach to the development of rural areas. Materials and research methods. The materials of our own research, regulatory documents, scientifi c publications, the Internet were used. In the course of the study, general scientific methods were used: monographic, analysis, comparison. Research results. Proposed and substantiated activities aimed at attracting the rural community to the implementation of initiative projects within the framework of the Departmental target program "Modern appearance of rural areas", on the development of new types of economic activities for the socio-economic development of rural areas, preserving the rural population, improving their quality of life and intensifi cation of the process of counter-urbanization.

Creative views on solving the problems of social policy in Russia and Belarus in rural areas

The article raises the issues of the ultimate effectiveness of regulatory measures of a social nature carried out by the state in rural areas of Russia and Belarus. For this purpose, the results of individual government directives are compared with the dynamics of demographic indicators, employment, real incomes, housing provision in rural areas, the structure of household expenditures. The problem areas of social policy in rural areas of Russia and Belarus are considered. As creative views on the solution of social problems in rural areas, options for the introduction and development of innovative agro-industrial ecosystems, which are defined by the authors as a set of economic, social, energy, information, marketing, financial and other entrepreneurial business structures that cover all the problem areas of development, are proposed.

Цифровизация сельских территорий в контексте европейских подходов и практик: обзор предметного поля

The digital transformation of rural Russia is performed in the context of the lack of complete information on European experience, as the existing reviews only examine certain aspects of this issue. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study identifies the entire set of key concepts and characteristics used in European approaches and practices for the digitalisation of rural areas. The review aims to compile publications of European authors within the subject field. The method of content analysis of relevant publications since the early 1990s until 2022 was utilised. The search was conducted using keywords in the Scopus database and other search engines. The relevance of foreign publications, citations and impact factors of journals were considered during the selection process. The emergence (1990s) of an endogenous approach to rural development and its transformation into a neo-endogenous paradigm determined the mindset and methodology of scientists in this subject field for all subsequent years. The focus on local communities, resources and control in the endogenous approach has been incorporated into the neo-endogenous paradigm. Additionally, knowledge, innovation, networks, social capital and relationships with the external environment became important components of the concept of smart and digital development. Further research is needed to examine socio-economic consequences of rural digitalisation, possibilities of smart and digital development of peripheral areas, the essence of social innovation and digital villages. The review results can be studied in order to apply European approaches and practices for the digitalisation of rural areas in Russia.

Inequality of household income in urban and rural territories of Russia

The article studies the differentiation of per capita incomes of urban and rural areas of Russia, as well as the share of social payments in household incomes. The regions of the Ural Federal District with different specializations of the economy are taken as the object of the study; official data of the Russian Statistical Office on municipal revenues are used. The study showed that there is a huge gap in per capita income both between the urban areas of the regions of the Ural Federal District (by 4.71 times), and even more between rural areas (by 19.27 times). The largest share of social payments in household income is observed in rural areas of the southern regions (about 45%), in urban areas it is somewhat less (20-30%). The specifics of the development of the northern regions predetermined the excess of per capita rural income over urban areas, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, by two times, and the share of social payments in income is insignificant in these regions. The calculations carried out by the authors showed that the average payments of social benefits in the regions of the Ural Federal District do not differ so significantly, from 83.8 (urban areas of the Tyumen region) to 136.2 thousand rubles per year (rural areas of Yamal). Therefore, the share of social payments in household income depends not so much on their amount, but on the level of other incomes of residents.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН

The modern Russian village is a collection of rural territories, but divided according to their condition: they partially have a stable state, but most of them are unstable. Sustainable development of rural areas is an urgent task of the Russian government. In order to change the quality of life of rural areas in Russia, reforms have been repeatedly carried out in the agricultural sector, as one of the defining national projects of the country’s economy. Agrarian transformations are currently being carried out in Russia with the aim of transforming the structure of the village and forming an actual group of land owners. The effectiveness of reforms in the agricultural sector affects the development of the region’s economy and rural population. The differences between urban and rural populations are gradually decreasing, but today they still remain significant. The relevance of rural development is an important aspect in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, affecting the competitiveness of our country, its economic security and the viability of the population. Rural territories play an important role in ensuring the country’s food security. Also, the state of rural areas leaves its mark on labor resources, the development of natural potential, the preservation of culture, ecology and the maintenance of stability and peace. The modern world is developing, and the state of rural areas is still characterized by a poorly developed sphere with low incomes of the population and unsatisfactory living conditions. There is insufficient investment in the development of rural areas, the absence or poor quality of transport infrastructure and a high dependence of the state of the economy of the agricultural sector on the quality of public administration. Sustainable development of rural areas is the main goal of regional policy, which contains organizational, economic, financial, legal measures that coordinate the activities of federal and territorial authorities, local self-government bodies, with a goal. rational use of resources, improvement of the quality of life of rural population, efficiency of agro-economy of rural territories The Republic of Tatarstan, as a region quite prosperous among the regions of the Russian Federation and rich in natural resources, has also experienced the consequences of the ongoing agrarian reforms, like all rural areas of our country

Depopulation trends of rural areas of the Russian Federation according to the Russian Census 2020

Based on the published data of the Russian Census 2020, as well as previous population censuses, the article calculates the dynamics of the rural population in all federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The rural population in Russia is rapidly declining both in absolute and relative terms. Analysis of the results of the population censuses of 1959 and 1989 showed that in a period the rural population decreased by 17.1 million people, while the urban population increased by 46.9 million. According to the 2002 and 2020 censuses, the rural population decreased by 1.6 million people, and the share of the rural population in the total population in the period under review decreased from 27 to 25%. From the data obtained, it became clear that the share of the rural population decreased in all federal districts (from -0.7% to -2.9%), with the exception of the Far Eastern Federal District, where the share of the rural population increased by 1.2%. Only in 14 subjects of the federation there is an increase in the rural population in 2010-2020, but here it is also associated with the effects of suburbanization and the development of urban agglomerations, with administrative-territorial changes or increased fertility in some national republics. At the same time, in most regions (38 of those under consideration) there is a spatial contraction of the rural population, of which in 11 subjects of the federation it is of an accelerated nature. The article also presents the author's recommendations for changing the vector of demographic development of rural areas in Russia.

Comparative analysis of structural changes in the development of rural areas in Russia

Comparative analysis of structural changes in the development of rural areas in Russia

Assessing the Quality and Efficiency of Education in Rural Schools through the Models of Integration and the Cooperation of Educational Institutions: A Case Study of Russia and Indonesia

Education is an important part of life that helps people improve their socio-economic conditions. However, unequal resource allocation affects education efficiency and quality in urban and rural areas. In this regard, this research aimed to study the implementation of integration and cooperation models amongst educational institutions to improve the quality and efficiency of education in the rural areas of Russia and Indonesia. The study has used primary data collection based on a questionnaire to accomplish its goals. Different factors such as the working environment, vocational education, financial incentives, integrated curriculum, and webbed network system are examined. The results show that an integrated curriculum and webbed network system are the most critical factors for enhancing education quality and efficiency in the educational institutes of rural Russia and Indonesia.

Post-Soviet Transformations in Russian Rural Areas: The Role of Institutions

This article examines the role played by institutions in the post-Soviet transformation of rural areas of Russia and the development of agriculture. It is shown that the main goal of transformations—the transition to market relations—has been achieved. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of the process of incomplete institutional transfer, unique on a global scale: the transition from full state ownership and state regulation to market relations was replaced by the dominance of large forms of business organization with prevailing governmental control. The article aims to study the impact of institutional reforms on the structure and dynamics of market agents in rural areas of Russia from 1990 to 2020. Institutional, statistical and sociological methods were applied. Materials from 59 expert interviews were used. The informants represented the categories “public” and “business” of three different agricultural territories. Statistical data and official reports of agricultural holdings were analyzed. Changes in the structure of land ownership and other production factors were considered. The historical stages of the institutional dynamics of agriculture are shown. It is proved that the emergence of a class of owners in agriculture was the main result of institutional changes in Russia; the formation of many institutions for the support and development of agriculture and rural areas is also significant. The observed obstacles to the growth of the segment of small and medium-sized businesses are due to the incomplete legitimacy of the ongoing processes, the strong volatility of the regulatory framework and insufficient transparency of state support. In Russia, after 1990, the total area of agricultural land decreased and was consolidated by large owners—Agricultural holdings. By 2020, the estimated share of agricultural holdings in revenue was 31% for crop production, 37% for livestock, and 70% for meat. Experts noted the excessive dependence of market actors on state support and the deepening of social inequality.

Specialist program training for dentists: an analysis of the teachers’ opinions

BACKGROUND: In the context of public health, high-quality training of dental professionals is essential for improvement of the provision of dental care in the cities and rural areas of Russia. Therefore, adequate training should become a cornerstone of the conceptual solution to inadequate organization and poor quality of primary health care.
 AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the opinion of teachers at medical universities regarding the level of preparation among dental students in specialty programs in order to identify and address problematic areas requiring improvement.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey was conducted among 115 teachers who were responsible for training dental students in specialty programs in 17 medical universities in Russia.
 RESULTS: The majority of teachers rated the theoretical training of dental students in specialty programs as either good or excellent, although this was not replicated when considering practical training. Instead, the overwhelming majority of teachers rated the practical training as good (36.52%), satisfactory (44.35%), or unsatisfactory (19.13%). The most difficult dental topics to teach were gnathology (67.83%), maxillofacial prosthetics (53.04%), oncostomatology (45.22%), gerontostomatology (36.52%), salivalogy (20.87%), dental arthrology (13.04%), and neurostomatology (13.04%). The overwhelming majority of teachers (71.3%) reported spending a lot of time on methodological work.
 CONCLUSION: The current questionnaire-based study analyzed trends in teachers opinions regarding the quality of theoretical and practical training provided to dental students in specialty programs as well as the manual skills of students in various fields of dentistry. The most difficult topics to teach were identified, and information on what teachers considered necessary for the improvement of dental training was collected.

Features of the Demographic Development of Rural Areas in Russia in a Pandemic

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on the main components of demographic dynamics: mortality has increased everywhere, migration has practically stopped. In this regard, it is relevant to assess the contribution of international migration to the formation of the population of rural areas of Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current demographic situation in rural areas of the Russian Federation and propose measures to minimize the consequences of the pandemic. Materials and Methods. The data of Rosstat (the Federal State Statistics Service), government bodies of the Russian Federation, international organizations, publications of scientists studying the problems of the population were used. To summarize literary sources content analysis was used. The study of demographic dynamics was carried out using the methods of statistical analysis, tabular method, generalization and interpretation of the obtained results. Results. The study reveals that the pandemic has had a negative impact on the demographic situation in rural areas and may have a delayed negative effect due to a sharp decline in the number of foreign migrants. The risks of death for people living in rural areas are increasing due to the large proportion of older people in its composition, as well as the lower physical accessibility of medical services. The analysis makes it possible to establish that the main factor in the reproduction of the rural population of the Russian Federation in 1990 – 2018 made by international migration. The sanitary restrictions introduced in 2020 and significantly extended for 2021 can have a significant impact on the reproduction of the rural population of our country, as well as its labor potential. Measures are proposed to minimize the impact of the pandemic on the reproduction of the rural population. Discussion and Conclusion. The study shows that the only factor that has a positive impact on the demographic dynamics in rural areas of the Russian Federation is international migration, which has sharply decreased in the context of the pandemic. The practical significance of the study is the possibility of using its results when adjusting federal and regional programs aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation in rural areas of the Russian Federation.

On fire safety in rural areas of Russia

Introduction. The article addresses the fire situation in rural areas of the Russian Federation and estimate the number of fire brigades that assure fire safety there. The purpose of the study is to analyze integral fire risks and a composite indicator of the fire hazard in Russia’s rural areas and federal districts. The scope of research is the probability of fire occurrence in the territory of the Russian Federation. The focus of research encompasses values of integral fire risks in rural settlements and a composite rural fire hazard indicator, calculated using these values.Methodology. The theory of integral fire risks serves as the methodological framework for the study.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the values of principal integral fire risks in rural areas of Russia are 2–3 times higher than those in urban areas. Similar results are obtained in other countries, in particular, in the United States. Values of the same fire risk are provided for urban and rural areas of the United States.Conclusions. The results obtained in the study can be used to solve problems of fire safety management in rural areas. The objective level of the fire hazard in rural areas of Russian federal districts was identified. It is advisable to conduct a similar study of the fire situation in rural areas of subjects of the Russian Federation.