Running Title Research Articles

Letter to the Editor: Can sexagenarian donors be feasibly indicated for living donor liver transplantation?

Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan Abbreviations: LDLT, living donor liver transplantation Funding: This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant numbers JP21K08718, JP21K8805), The Jikei University Research Fund, a Research Grant from the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, and the Uehara Memorial Foundation. Running title: LDLT using sexagenarian donors Category: letter to the editor Correspondence Toru Ikegami, MD, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan. Email: [email protected]

Tight lower bounds and optimal constructions of anonymous broadcast encryption and authentication

Broadcast Encryption (BE) is public-key encryption allowing a sender to encrypt a message by specifing recipients, and only the specified recipients can decrypt the message. In several BE applications, since the privacy of recipients allowed to access the message is often as important as the confidentiality of the message, anonymity is introduced as an additional but important security requirement for BE. Kiayias and Samari (IH 2013) presented an asymptotic lower bound on the ciphertext sizes in BE schemes satisfying anonymity (ANO-BE for short). More precisely, their lower bound is derived under the assumption that ANO-BE schemes have a special property. However, it is insufficient to show their lower bound is asymptotically tight since it is unclear whether existing ANO-BE schemes meet the special property. In this work, we derive asymptotically tight lower bounds on the ciphertext size in ANO-BE by assuming only properties that most existing ANO-BE schemes satisfy. With a similar technique, we first derive asymptoticallyqueryPlease provide MSC codes. For more details, please visit http://www.ams.org/msc/. tight lower bounds on the authenticator sizes in Anonymous Broadcast Authentication (ABA). Furthermore, we extend the above result and present (non-asymptotically) tight lower and upper bounds on thequeryPlease check and confirm the Running title. ciphertext sizes in ANO-BE. We show that a variant of ANO-BE scheme proposed by Li and Gong (ACNS 2018) is optimal. We also provide tight bounds on the authenticator sizes in ABA via the same approach as ANO-BE, and propose an optimal construction for ABA.

Comment on 'Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a meta-analysis of results from multivariate analysis'.

Outpatient office, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China Running Title: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Outpatient office, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Zhao). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Comment on 'study and validation of an explainable machine learning-based mortality prediction following emergency surgery in the elderly: a prospective observational study'.

Department of Cardiology, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China Running Title: machine learning and emergency surgery. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Cardiology, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Zheng). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

SARS-CoV-2 variant omicron XBB.1.5: challenges and prospects - correspondence.

aDepartment of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India bDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India cDepartment of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh dDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Running title: SARS-CoV-2 variant omicron XBB.1.5. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh. T: +88-030-3356193, Fax: +88-031-2550224, Cell: +88-01819942214. E-mail address: [email protected] (T B. Emran). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Determining the maternal attitude in supporting infant development Running title: Assessing Maternal Support for Infant Development

Objective: The positive contribution of parental support to children's cognitive, emotional and social development in early infancy is well known. The aim of this study was to learn the attitudes and opinions of mothers of newborns about supporting development, shared reading, playing games and watching television and to evaluate the factors that may affect these predictions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 154 mothers who applied to Inönü University Faculty of Medicine Developmental Paediatrics outpatient clinic using the "Maternal Attitude Interview Form Regarding Supporting Infant Development". Results: Findings revealed that 136 (88.3%) of mothers planned to reading together, but 88 (57.1%) of them didn’t plan to start before the age of 1 year. There were no baby books in 45.5% and no toys in 30.5% of the houses. A total of 20.1% of the mothers believed that watching television would have a positive impact on development, while 37% planned to allow their children to watch television before the age of 2 years. According to the regression analysis, it was determined that the most significant factor influencing mothers' intention to begin reading books with their babies before the age of 1 year was higher level of education (p<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of those who don’t plan to read in the early period and those who don’t have baby books and toys in their homes are at a considerable level. Nevertheless, it is promising that the most important factor affecting reading together in the early period is maternal education. It is of great importance that families are informed from pregnancy onwards about the contribution of reading and playing together to development and the negative effects of media tools in early childhood. Increasing the sensitivity of physicians who will follow the mother and the child will ensure the spread of preventive guidance services.

Comparison of serum iron, hemoglobin, ferritin and crp levels in prostate cancer patients with a control group Running title: Serum iron levels in prostate cancer

Comparison of serum iron, hemoglobin, ferritin and crp levels in prostate cancer patients with a control group Running title: Serum iron levels in prostate cancer

The diagnostic value of electroencephalography in pediatric patients presenting with syncope Running title: The yield of electroencephalography in pediatric syncope

Aim: In the investigation of the diagnosis of pediatric syncope, it was aimed to evaluate the rate of abnormal EEG findings and the diagnostic yield of the EEG in the electroencephalography (EEG) taken following their neurological examination. Materials and Methods: EEG records of 332 patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with syncope were retrospectively analyzed. The EEG results were classified as normal and abnormal. Based on the abnormal EEG results, four subgroups were formed as focal epileptiform discharge, generalized epileptiform discharge, focal slowing and generalized slowing. Abnormal EEG results were categorized according to age and gender. Results: Of the cases included in the study, 195 (58.7%) were female and 137 (41.3%) were male. The mean age of the patients was calculated as 12.67±3.21 years. Analysis of the EEG results revealed that 92.5% were normal and 7.53% were abnormal. The most common abnormal EEG finding was focal slowing, which was detected in 12 (3.6%) patients, followed by focal epileptiform discharge which was detected in eight (2.4%) and generalized epileptiform discharge which was detected in five (1.5%) patients. Conclusion: EEG should not be routinely performed to evaluate the diagnosis of pediatric syncope. Therefore, EEG should be performed only on patients to be selected based on their medical history and the results of their neurological examination. In this way, it will be possible to derive more benefits out of EEG and to reduce the associated medical costs.

The relationship between abdominal circumference-to-hip ratio and ephedrine requirement in spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean: A prospective observational study Running title: AC-to-hip ratio and ephedrine requirement

Objective: Maternal hypotension caused by extensive sympathetic blockade is a serious complication of spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. This study planned to determine the relationship between weight, height, BMI, abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), and AC-to-hip ratio with the ephedrine consumption in patients who underwent cesarean section with subarachnoid block. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 60 women. Prior to spinal anesthesia; patients' demographic characteristics (age, weight, height), abdominal and hip circumferences, basal hemodynamic parameters, and ASA physical status were recorded. To minimize errors, three consecutive measurements were obtained; results were averaged and the AC-to-hip ratio was calculated by dividing the values of the abdominal (cm) and hip circumference (cm). In all patients, spinal anesthesia was done in the sitting position using 2.4 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (12 mg). Persistent hypotension was treated with intravenous ephedrine (5 mg). The number of patients who used ephedrine and the total amount of ephedrine used during surgery were recorded. Results: Of these 60 participants, 40 (66.6%) patients had hypotension requiring ephedrine administration. There is a positive correlation between ephedrine consumption (mg) and abdominal circumferences (r=0.280, p=0.03). Also, there is a significant positive correlation between ephedrine consumption (mg) and AC-to-hip ratio (r=0.608, p<0.001). The correlation coefficient between the ephedrine dose with the AC-to-hip ratio was 56.805, the p-value was <0.001 and AC was 0.211, with a p-value of 0.030 which means the correlation was statistically significant. Conclusion: Abdominal circumference and AC-to-hip ratio have a significant correlation with ephedrine consumption in patients who underwent cesarean section via subarachnoid block with a given dose of 2.4 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.

Ratio of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Insomnia Patients Running Title: MMP/TIMP Balance in Chronic Insomnia

Objective: Sleep is an essential part of a healthy life. Many people experience insomnia due to their living conditions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in remodeling the microenvironment. Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) maintain a balance with MMPs. Disruption of the balance causes various pathologies. The aim of the study is to elucidate the effects of sleep disturbance on matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors by comparing MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in the serum of patients with chronic insomnia to healthy controls. Material and Methods: This study included 40 adult males diagnosed with chronic insomnia and 40 healthy individuals as a control group. Blood samples were obtained from the brachial vein and subsequently centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes to collect serum samples. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were analyzed using commercial Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit protocols with the obtained serum samples. Results: Consequently, in this study it was demonstrated a higher MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in chronic insomnia patients when compared to healthy controls, whereas the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio remained unchanged. Conclusion: These results suggest that higher MMP2/TIMP2 ratio may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases associated with sleep deprivation.

Title: The effects of demographic transformation due to refugee migration in Turkey on maternal and neonatal outcomes Running Title: Syrian pregnancies and their adverse outcomes

Objective: This research analyzes the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of Syrian and Turkish pregnant women. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,823 pregnant Turkish and Syrian women aged 13 to 47 who gave birth at a tertiary care facility in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Between September 2020 and August 2021, 940 Turkish and 883 Syrian refugees (SYR) pregnant women participated in the study. The groups were compared for demographic data, obstetric outcomes, and neonatal features. Results: The maternal age distribution for SYR includes younger ages (p<0,001). The literacy status among Syrians is lower than that of Turks (p<0,001). Syrian pregnant women have a lower prevalence of cesarean section (CS); they have a greater rate of first spontaneous vaginal delivery (fSVD) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) than Turkish pregnant women (p<0,001). Amniotic membrane rupture is more prevalent among pregnant Syrian women (p=0,007). APGAR scores differ by nationality (p=0.004). There is a significant difference in maternal hemoglobin median values (g/dL) according to nationality (p<0.001). There is a substantial difference between the birth weights of newborns with low birth weight (LBW) (1500 ≤ - <2500 grams) and those with 2500 grams or more in both groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between education and prenatal care utilization. As women's education levels increase, the rates of prenatal care also increase. Antenatal care is the most valuable and effective method for preventing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Complete Title: Assessment of optic disc and macula in fasting period during Ramadan by optical coherence tomography angiography Running Title: Evaluating the effect of fasting by OCT-A

Complete Title: Assessment of optic disc and macula in fasting period during Ramadan by optical coherence tomography angiography Running Title: Evaluating the effect of fasting by OCT-A

Full Title: Microanatomic evaluation of the axon number and the parenchyma/stroma ratio of the sciatic and tibial nerves during human fetal anatomical development. Running Title: Microanatomic development of sciatic & tibial nerves

Objective: Determination of the axon numbers of nerve fibers and evaluation of the parenchyma/stroma ratios to indicate the density of the periaxonal tissue (myelin sheath and periaxonal connective tissue) were aimed by using stereological methods on the histological sections obtained from the sciatic and tibial nerves of the human fetuses. Materials and Methods: This histomorphometric study was carried out on 20 aborted human fetuses (14 males, 6 females, between 12 and 38 gestational weeks) with no external anomalies or malformation. Peripheral nervous tissue specimens harvested from the three levels [proximal (sciatic nerve), middle (first part of the tibial nerve), and distal (distal part of the tibial nerve) levels] through the lower extremities, by anatomical dissection, on either side. Histological sections were prepared. Digital images of the sections were used for the stereological study. Results: The results showed (i) the axon number of peripheral nerves increases as the fetal period progresses; (ii) the axon number of peripheral nerves do not change from proximal to the distal specimen levels; (iii) the axon number of peripheral nerves increases at the same rate throughout the nerve; (iv) the parenchyma/stroma ratio of peripheral nerves does not change along with the nerve, during the fetal period; (v) the parenchyma/stroma ratio of the peripheral nerves does not vary between specimen levels. Conclusion: Our results may contribute to the experimental and clinical research primarily related to sciatic and tibial nerves and the histological interpretation of fetal autopsy materials in fields such as fetopathology and forensic medicine.

Numb Chin Syndrome as a Presenting Central Nervous System Metastasis of Prostate Cancer: A Case Report Running Title: Prostat Cancer Associated Numb Chin Syndrome

Introduction: NCS is also known as mental nerve neuropathy and is a rare sensory neuropathy. There are many benign and malign etiologic factors for this rare syndrome. This syndrome may be the first sign of systemic cancer or advanced manifestation of known cancer, both have poor prognosis. We present a case with NCS associated with prostate cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. Case report: A 71-year-old male who has prostate adenocarcinoma, admitted to the medical oncology clinic with fatigue and intermittent epistaxis. He had anemia, thrombocytopenia and high lactate dehydrogenase. He had numbness in the chin and lower lip. Brain MRI showed findings suggestive of leptomeningeal disease Discussion: NCS is a rare syndrome, can develop due to benign or malignant diseases. NCS may be the first sign of the underlying malignancy, and sometimes it can be a sign of progression or recurrence of underlying malignancy. Leptomeningeal metastases of prostate cancer are extremely rare. all patients with NCS with or without malignancy should be kept in mind the possibility of both jaw and cranial malignancies and should be investigated accordingly.

The role of Combined cardiac and lung ultrasound in acute respiratory distress Running title: cardiac and lung ultrasound and respiratory distress

The role of Combined cardiac and lung ultrasound in acute respiratory distress Running title: cardiac and lung ultrasound and respiratory distress

Ejaculation frequency improves ICSI outcomes for idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoosepmic patients Running title: Ejaculation frequency and ICSI in iOAT

Ejaculation frequency improves ICSI outcomes for idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoosepmic patients Running title: Ejaculation frequency and ICSI in iOAT

Effect of Methylergonovine Infusion on Blood Loss during Laparoscopic Myomectomy Running title: Methylergonovine infusion and blood loss in LM

Effect of Methylergonovine Infusion on Blood Loss during Laparoscopic Myomectomy Running title: Methylergonovine infusion and blood loss in LM

Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia: What we know, what we think we know, what we don't know yet: Running title USGRA: Overview about facts and questions: An educational narrative review of literature

The introduction of ultrasound guidance over the last two decades brought progress, new blocks and new challenges to Regional Anesthesia. This narrative review addresses and discusses facts, frequent questions, beliefs, controversies, unsolved issues, open safety questions and existing knowledge gaps related to efficacy and safety of ultrasound guided regional anesthesia (USGRA), based on the available literature. We discuss evidence-based advantages and limitations of ultrasound guidance, as well as unresolved questions, with respect to successful anesthesia, undesired side effects and patient safety, like nerve injury and local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). In an educational approach we also emphasize some practical aspects of our everyday experience as well as necessary structural requirements.

Efficacy and safety of three Ayurveda decoctions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, three-arm, clinical trial, Running title: Ayurveda decoctions for PCOS: a study protocol

Efficacy and safety of three Ayurveda decoctions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, three-arm, clinical trial, Running title: Ayurveda decoctions for PCOS: a study protocol

Comparison of Pineal Gland Volume Between Patients with Fibromyalgia and Healthy Controls Running Title: Pgv in Fibromyalgia

Objectives: The pineal gland is an important neuroendocrine organ accounting for the melatonin secretion and chronobiology that regulate circadian rhythm. This study was designed to compare pineal gland volume (PGV) with healthy controls and patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FM), in which sleep quality and efficiency is reduced. Patient and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, PGV and functional pineal gland volume (FPGV) of FM patients with age- and sex-matched healthy controls were compared. All MR imaging studies were performed using a 3 Tesla scanner with a multi-channel phased array head coil. The volume of pineal glands and pineal cysts were calculated from 3D MP RAGE images using the formula: volume= AP x transverse x craniocaudal diameter x 0.523. Results: There was no significant difference in PGV and FPGV between the FM group and healthy controls (p=0.374 and p=0.421, respectively). In the correlation analysis, age was negatively correlated with PGV and FPGV in the FM group (r=-0.496, p=0.010; r=- 0.477, p=0.014, respectively). No significant correlation was detected between age, PGV and FPGV in the control group (r= 0.022, p=0.916; r= -0.019, p=0.925, respectively). Conclusions: Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the FM group and healthy controls regarding PGV and FPGV. However, PGV and FPGV were decreased by advancing age in the FM group in which melatonin therapy is offered as an option.