Runner Length Research Articles

Morphometric relationship of otolith, length, and weight of rainbow runner, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) from Gunungkidul Coastal Waters

Morphometric relationship of otolith, length, and weight of rainbow runner, <i>Elagatis bipinnulata</i> (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) from Gunungkidul Coastal Waters

A multimodal data-driven design of low pressure die casting gating system for aluminum alloy cabin

The design of gating systems for large and complex thin-wall castings requires the application of empirical equations and a substantial number of iterative experiments. In this study, a novel machine learning-based design strategy is proposed for the gating system of large and complex thin-walled castings. The gating system of castings was estimated using a multi-input multi-output neural network model, which incorporated visual, textual, and numerical multimodal features. The R2 value of the model accuracy reached 0.981, and the predicted parameters for the gating system were a slot runner width of 27 mm, a slot runner length of 48 mm, a riser runner diameter of 60 mm, and the number of riser runners of 8. The EasyCast and Procast simulation software were utilized for comparison and verification, resulting in a smooth filling and the achievement of sequential solidification. Finally, the mechanism of casting defects is discussed using the solidification phase-field model of EasyPhase system, elucidating how the alloy system can serve as a distinguishing feature in machine learning models that impact gating system parameters. This strategy is anticipated to enhance the efficiency of low pressure die casting process design, thereby serving as a valuable reference for intelligent process design in low pressure die casting.

Heat transfer analysis and structure optimization of unit of flat plate based on a response surface test: An experimental teaching perspective in higher education

The Flat Plate is a common component of solar photothermal experiment and an important teaching tool in the new energy teaching experiment. Aiming at the problem of low heat transfer efficiency and poor teaching effect of traditional roll-bond flat plate, this paper conducts a numerical simulation study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the ”Y” -shaped channel unit. The four parameters of width, length, runner parting angle and runner width are used as control variables to optimize the heat transfer structure of the runner. Taking the ”Y” -shaped channel unit as the research object, the finite element model of conjugate heat transfer was established by using Fluent. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is concluded that in the defined length and width interval, the thermal efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of the length of the heat transfer unit, and the pressure drop coefficient has a negative correlation with the length and width of the unit. The runner width has a positive correlation with the thermal efficiency and a negative correlation with the pressure drop coefficient. Then, according to the Box-Behnken principle, a response surface test for heat transfer optimization was designed, an optimization model with thermal efficiency and pressure drop coefficient as the response indicators was established, and the optimal element design scheme was determined. The optimization results show that when the subunit length of the heat transfer runner is 40 mm, the width is 35 mm, the parting angle is 60°, and the runner width is 11 mm, the thermal efficiency of the ”Y”-shaped runner is 0.782, and the pressure drop coefficient is 0.121. Finally, a direct-expansion solar auxiliary heating system is built to test the scheme. The experimental results show that the collector using the ”Y”-shaped channel shows better solar energy utilization, which increases the COP of the system by 15.2%. This study provides a reference for the design and optimization of other types of flow channels to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the roll-bond flat plate. Through optimization, the system has innovated in the experimental mode, effectively made up for the shortcomings in the training of new energy professionals, and enriched and developed the experimental theory system and teaching methods of higher education of energy and power majors.

Phenotypic characterization of a strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rosier) diversity collection

Societal Impact statementTo secure a stable, safe food supply, the future of humanity depends on the conservation and application of cultivated and wild plant diversity. Strawberries are globally important. They are widely produced and provide significant human health benefits. In 2019, annual world production was 14.5 MT (FAOSTAT, 2022). This report characterizes agricultural traits of diverse heritage strawberries. The gene pool of breeding programs has traditionally included a reliable but limited set of cultivars. The traits of lesser known heritage strawberry cultivars and selections examined by our study could be of value in expanding gene pools by tapping into existing cultivated genetic diversity.Summary Strawberries are a berry crop of global significance. We present a comprehensive evaluation of strawberry diversity through phenotyping 284 strawberry cultivars from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Clonal Germplasm Repository Corvallis, Oregon, USA. We assessed 284 cultivars in 2019 and 2020 for quantified variation across 16 traits, including phenology, plant morphology, and fruit quality traits at full ripeness. Through cluster analysis, we determined groups of accessions that had desirable traits, including quality fruits, earliest fruit ripening, or high numbers of daughter plant production. We observed that this strawberry diversity panel displayed a wide range of phenotypic variation that could prove useful for future strawberry improvement. ORUS 2427‐1, NW 90054‐37, and “Independence,” each developed by the Oregon USDA breeding program, displayed a combination of the highest fruit quality traits. “Independence” also had the longest runner length and the highest number of daughter plants. Two California cultivars, Oso Grande and Cuesta, and the Oregon cultivar Pinnacle had a short ripening time, on average 32 days between flowering and harvest, with the range for the study group of 25–41 days. Our data provide insight for breeders to expand gene pools, producers who choose cultivars for green‐wall production, or geneticists who need data to prepare genome‐wide association studies.

Design and Fabrication of Exhaust System of Formula Student Car

Abstract— The overall aim of this paper is to refine the design and manufacturing techniques of the exhaust system of FSAE cars. The main objective of this paper is selection of ideal geometry of the 4-cylinder engine (GSX R600) exhaust manifold in terms of optimization of back pressure and reduction in gross weight of the exhaust system. For achieving this, we have considered runner length and diameter, muffler diameter, flow of gases in the exhaust manifold, volumetric efficiency, etc. Softwares used in design and validation are Solid works, Ansys and GT Suite. Keywords— FSAE, Exhaust Runners, Collector, muffler, CFD, 1-D engine simulation, NRC

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A PICO HYDROELECTRIC TURBINE SYSTEM

Hydroelectric power is both an efficient and reliable form of a clean source of renewable energy. It can be an excellent method of harnessing renewable energy from small rivers and streams. A Pico hydroelectric power system of a cross-flow turbine type is designed and simulated in this study. Model parameters such as runner diameter, runner length, blade spacing, radius of blade curvature, shaft diameter, water jet thickness, turbine speed, turbine power and the number of blades that play major role to achieve the turbine maximum efficiency were determined theoretically. The designed Hydro-electric power system’s maximum efficiency was estimated to be 87% with a head of 6390 mm at a flow rate of 0.089 . Numerically, analysis of the designed power generation system was carried out using (structural analysis and design) STAAD pro connect software and ANSYS tool. The performance evaluation results using the STAAD pro software for the system water reservoir sitting stanchion simulation indicated that the stanchion will not fail while carrying the load. Similarly, the numerical analysis of the designed cross-flow turbine type in this work using the ANSYS tool revealed that the shaft will be able to withstand deformation due to torsion when subjected to a maximum torque of 51.46 Nm. Hence the designed hydroelectric power system will be efficient to produce a 5kVA electrical power

Turf establishment quality as affected by planting density and variety of Doobgrass (Cynodon dactylon L.)

The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with Factorial concept which replicated thrice and comprised of two factors viz., factor-I Varieties of Cynodon dactylon turf (V1: Tifdwarf, V2: Selection-1, V3: Locally available variety and factor-II Planting desnsity (P1: 100.00 dibble/m2, P2: 44.44 dibble/m2, P3: 25.00 dibble/m2). The interaction effect of varieties and planting desnsity were influence on different characters viz., highest number (196.08) of runners per 100 cm2, earliness for fully establishment of turfgrass (48.67 days), dry biomass (13.24 g/100 cm2) of doobgrass at 60 DAP. Moreover, maximum root depth (84.27 mm) and longest runner length (37.87 cm) was noted in V3P3. Maximum number of nodes (17.20) present on runner found maximum in V1P3.In case minimum fresh weed (197.20 g/plot and 43.40 g/plot) and dry biomass of weed (24.64 g/plot and 5.05 g/plot) observed with combination V1P1 and V2P1 From the results it was revealed that dibble of Cynodon dactylon var. Tifdwarf or Selection-1 grown at 100.00 dibble/m2 planting desnsity favoured quick establishment of turf, appropriate growth habit for less frequency of lawn mowing and minimal weed growth.

Influence of Urea And Chicken Manure on Producing New Plants And Vegetative Growth of Strawberry (fragaria X Ananassa Duch) “darselect” Plants

&nbsp;This study was performed during November 2020 to August 2021, in a private farm at Tishambik village, Kanimasi distract, Duhok, Kurdistan region / Iraq on strawberry plants Darselect cultivar to find out the effects of four levels of soil application urea (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 g plant-1) and three levels of chicken manure (0, 100 and 200 g plant-1) on producing new plants and vegetative growth of strawberry plants. General obtained results showed that the incremental application of urea and chicken manure rates especially at (2g urea and 200g chicken manure) led to significant increase most of the studied parameters. The interaction between urea with chicken manure at high rates resulted in the highest values of number of runners (17 Plant-1), length of runner (125.67 cm), number of seedlings (5.33 Runner-1), number of seedlings (35.33 Plant-1), dry weight of vegetative growth (26.60 g. plant-1), the total nitrogen in leaves (3.79 %), phosphorus (0.83 %) and potassium (1.80 %)

Strawberry algorithm and its newly evolved variant for pattern nulling in an antenna array

In this article attempt has been made for the first time to apply the reported strawberry optimization technique to antenna array synthesis problem. The algorithm is further modified by reinforcing it with adaptive values for the two key parameters known as runner length and root length embedded in the mathematical expression governing the movement of the mother plant from one position to another in the search space to locate the optimum solution. The case studies cited here refer to linear and circular array configurations. The design constraints are limited to minimizing the side lobe level and restricting the first null beam width, which play significant roles in antenna array performances. The important features which greatly influence in achieving the said objectives are either placement of antenna elements or amplitudes of excitations of these elements or both. And the recently reported nature inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms have addressed to these antenna problems quite effectively and the application of the strawberry algorithm for the first time and the unraveling of a new algorithm known as reduced step size strawberry algorithm (rss-SBA) a variant of the existing SBA have shown quite exciting results thus opening avenues for these techniques to be the potential contenders in the race of authenticating their positions in the domain of nonlinear function optimization.

ASSESSMENT OF DABENA MINI HYDRO POWER PLANT AT DABENA RIVER

The number of electricity users is increasing with the increase of fuel cost and environmental pollution. The mini hydro power has grown as an alternative energy source that can be easily constructed with the minimal environmental impact. This research access the mini hydro power plant implemented on Dabena River 50 years ago by German missionaries. But it is not functioning these days. The available Gross head of the river measured using a GPS receiver and was found to be 11.5m. It has a potential for producing 150 KW. With this output power, we can supply Bedelle Agricultural and Forestry College under Mettu University and nearby rural area. Having the head, flow rate and output power of the river into consideration, the turbine selected was cross flow turbine with specific speed of 243 rpm, runner diameter of 52 cm, runner length of 82 cm, blade radius 17 cm and blade number of 18. 24 poles synchronous motor was selected as the Generator with rotational speed of 250 rpm. International renewable energy agency cost analysis was used to analyze financial viability of the project. The annual energy production estimated was 289,908kwh and the anticipated revenue to be generated is 136,256 birr. The initial cost of the project estimated to be 2.475 million birr.

Optimization of the intake manifold of the Royal Enfield 500 electronic fuel injection engine

Intake manifold determines the charge flowing or the mass flow rate of the fuel and air mixture, which greatly influenced the volumetric efficiency of an engine. It has a great impact on engine power and torque. They are greatly affected by degree to which cylinders are charged &amp; geometrical parameters of intake manifold. Every specified engine has its specific engine speed and it can be optimized with the help of the intake manifold geometry. Current work aims to study the effects of various designs of Intake manifolds for a naturally aspirated Royal Enfield EFI500 engine and to increase volumetric efficiency for FSAE related competitions, by doing CFD simulations and tuning of runner length. The objective is to increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine assuming a standard restriction of 20mm diameter to limit the overall power output. After CFD on intake manifold, results obtained in the least pressure drop and hence maximum volumetric efficiency.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

Study of low head turbine propellers axial flow for use of micro-hydropower plant (MHP) in Aceh, Indonesia

Low head hydropower has the potential to produce green energy with a minimum on the environment and is one of the best choices for decentralized power plants. Aceh is one of many regions in Indonesia with hilly topography and many river streams. Of the 66 rivers in Aceh that have potential energy sources that can be developed 98.5 percent are low head. Generally, the technique for overcoming altitude problems in low river flows is the use of low head turbines. An important aspect of head power generation techniques is the selection of turbines. The study aimed to study low head propeller turbines for the use of micro hydropower plants. By calculating the main dimensions and main components of the turbine, field experiments were carried out to determine turbine rotation and energy, as well as turbine efficiency at a flow rate of 0.06 m3/sec and a 3.5-meter head. The calculation results obtained by a specific turbine speed of 1.53, runner diameter of 0.30 meters, hub diameter of 0.06 meters, shaft diameter 0.03, runner length 1.08, triangular speed of 30 degrees with the number of blades 4 pieces. From the results of field experiments, the maximum turbine rotation speed is 1828 rpm, the turbine power is 2,530 watts with a voltage between 220 to 240 volts while the maximum efficiency is 57 percent. It can be concluded that propeller-type turbines with the low head are suitable for micro power plants, especially in remote areas.

Single Parameter Engine Analysis and Performance Optimization of a Medium Duty Gasoline Engine

This paper examines various attempts to impose a single parameter analysis on the effect of intake valve opening (IVO) timings and intake runner length (IRL) technologies on the engine performance output at full load condition through an engine model representing 1.6 liter in-line 4 cylinders, 4-stroke SI engine constructed using GT-Power simulation software which is then simulated and correlated to the CAMPRO 1.6L model constructed previously with an updated crank train geometry such as cylinder stroke length and the connecting-rod length (con-rod) where comparison results of Volumetric Efficiency (VE), Brake Power (BP-kW), Brake Torque (BT-Nm) are carried out to maintain the accuracy and validity of the model to be used. This model is then used to simulate the engine performance under different sets of intake runner length (IRL) and difference sets of intake valve opening (IVO) timings. The various sets of IRL and IVO are then configured to correspond with each other to predict the most suitable optimization setups at targeted engine speeds, ranging from 2000-4000 RPM in this research to eliminate the existence of performance dip for better cycle efficiency. Results shown significant improvement through the different IVO timings and different IRL setups, as compared to the stock settings

Design optimization of intake manifold of dual fuel engine

This research is aimed to analyse and optimize the inlet manifold of biogas diesel dual fuel engine to improve the mass flow rate of air and gas mixture and hence improving volumetric efficiency of the dual fuel engine. Runner length of the inlet manifold is calculated using Chrysler Ram Theory and Helmholtz Resonator Theory and new runner length is replaced in the existing inlet manifold and it is observed that new runner length gives a considerable increase in mass flow rate of air and hence improving the volumetric efficiency. The biogas was collected from biogas plant of Vellore Institute of Technology and the diesel engine was operated with diesel and bio gas with the help of a T-section joint which allowed the air and bio gas to enter the engine together and then we performed the experiment to calculate the mass flow rate of air and bio gas entering the engine. The experiment was done for the existing runner length of 1 m and the new runner length of 1.58 m, as calculated by Chrysler Ram Theory and improvements were observed in mass flow rates and volumetric efficiency. Emission testing was also done by using the AVL emission system, emission-parameters-like-carbon-monoxide-(CO),-nitric-oxide-(NO x )-and hydrocarbon-(BSHC)-emissions-are-measured.

Justification of the parameters of the floating crop lifter when mowing crops

When harvesting dead plants the reapers and mowers are equipped with crop lifters, which lift and feed dead plants (stems) to the cutter. High-quality work of well-known crop lifters is not always ensured due to poor following the relief of the mowed area. Therefore, the aim of the study was to improve the design of a stem lifter of a mower or header and to justify its parameters experimentally. The floating crop lifter is proposed for the use. It consists of a runner pivotally attached to the base, and the base is attached to the finger bar of the header cutter. A lifting pen is rigidly fixed to the runner at an angle of 35°. Between the base of the runner and the lifting pen, a gas strut with excess pressure is installed. The manufactured laboratory unit made it possible to carry out experimental studies. Implementation of the experimental design and computer processing of the obtained results made it possible to justify the optimal values of a number of indicators of the design of the crop lifter. The smallest material losses (less than 1%) were observed at coded values of the factors: X1 = 0...0.5; X2 = -0.25...0.25; X3 = -0.5...0. This corresponded to the natural values of the studied factors: runner length l = 450-500 mm; the load of the gas strut P = 45-55 N; operating speed of the unit υ = 1.2-1.6 m/s. The obtained exponential dependence on the parabolic function of these factors adequately describes the experimental results.

Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon response to halosulfuron preplant over plastic mulch

AbstractNutsedge species are problematic in plastic-mulched vegetable production because of the weed’s rapid reproduction and ability to penetrate the mulch. Vegetable growers rely heavily on halosulfuron to manage nutsedge species; however, the herbicide cannot be applied over mulch before vegetable transplanting due to potential crop injury. This can be problematic when multiple crops are produced on a single mulch installation. Field experiments were conducted to determine the response of broccoli, cabbage, squash, and watermelon to halosulfuron applied on top of mulch prior to transplanting. Halosulfuron at 80 g ai ha−1 was applied 21, 14, 7, and 1 d before planting (DBP), and 160 g ai ha−1 was applied 21 DBP. In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha−1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops. Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelon. Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha−1 21 DBP. Experimental results confirm that halosulfuron binds to plastic mulch, remains active, and is slowly released from the mulch over a substantial period, during rainfall or overhead irrigation events. Extending the plant-back interval to at least 21 d before transplanting did overcome squash and watermelon injury concerns with halosulfuron at 80 g ha−1, but not broccoli and cabbage. Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented.

Flow visualization of water jet passing through the empty space of cross­flow turbine runner

Hydropower plants are a form of renewable energy resources, which comes from flowing water. The turbine is used to drive the generator then convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The turbine wheel is located inside the turbine housing and the turbine wheel rotates the power shaft. One of the most used turbines is a cross-flow turbine. The pattern of water jet flowing throughout the empty space of the runner of the cross-flow turbine is influenced by the number of active runner blades pounded by water from the turbine nozzle. The difference in the flow patterns was believed having a relation to the performance differences of the three turbine models. The flow visualizations of water passing through the empty space of the cross-flow turbine runner were taken from the experimental study intended to investigate performance characteristics of three cross-flow turbine models designed on the same value of flow rates, runner diameters and rotational speeds; but each turbine model having different values of runner width as well as nozzle entry arc. Both of the nozzle and runner widths were designed as the function of the nozzle entry arc, therefore the shorter pair of runner-nozzle width the larger nozzle entry arc and vice versa. The flow visualizations of water passing on the turbine were studied using the empty space of the cross-flow turbine. The three models were tested on the same head and the same flow rate at the speed of 50, 100, 150, 250, 300 and 500 rpm. The photos of water flowing through the empty space in the turbine model runners were taken to find out the conditions of flow and the efficiency of the models was calculated to show the performance of the turbine. Images are taken within 10 cm and parallel to the turbine. The cross-flow turbine models were designed with 197 mm runner diameter of each and have the ratio of runner diameter to runner length of 1:2. One side of each turbine model end disk was made from transparent media named perspex facilitating the researcher to observe the water flow condition during flowing through inside the runner. The conditions of the flow of water passing through the empty space of turbine wheels were photographed using a Nikon camera equipped with a hal l ogen lamp having a power of 1000 watts to capture the difference of flow pattern among the three models of the turbine. The nozzle entry arcs used in this experimental study were 75 o , 90 o and 120 o . In addition, the nozzle of each model has the same cross-sectional area and the roof of each was designed having roof curvature radius centered on the shaft axis. Such nozzle roof curvature was expected to be able to deliver water in the better direction as well as its flow condition as the water enters the turbine runner. The magnitude of the nozzle entry arc determines the number of active vanes pounded by the jet of water coming out of the nozzle, these conditions affect the pattern of water flow at the moment of passing through the empty space of the turbine wheel and then this flow pattern was believed to affect the performance characteristic of the cross-flow turbine. One side of each runner disk was made from Perspex, for the researcher to be able to observe the water flow condition during flowing through inside the runner.

Analysis and runners length optimization of the intake manifold of a 4-cylinder spark ignition engine

This study conducts an optimization analysis of the geometry of an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine by using a numerical approach based on the 1D GT-POWER simulation platform. The optimization process was modeled using the Brent method, during which calculations are made of the lengths of the intake manifold runners that provide the engine’s greatest volumetric efficiency at each speed of rotation in the range of 1000–6000 RPM. Having obtained the optimized lengths of the runners, it was possible to simulate the engine operating with the parameterized intake manifold based on the length of each runner. From the analysis of the volumetric efficiency curves based on the speed of rotation for the length of each runner of the manifold, it was verified that the shorter the runner length, the greater the volumetric efficiency that occurs when the engine is under high speeds of rotation. Based on the behavior of the volumetric efficiency curves, a variable configuration of the geometry of the intake manifold was proposed. The results of the performance of the engine when operating under this proposal showed that the engine can achieve higher values of volumetric efficiency, torque and effective horsepower, depending on the speed conditions, and consequently lower values for the brake-specific fuel consumption.

Prohexadione-Calcium Application during Vegetative Growth Affects Growth of Mother Plants, Runners, and Runner Plants of Maehyang Strawberry

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important horticultural crop that is vegetatively propagated using runner plants. To achieve massive production of runner plants, it is important to transfer the assimilation products of the mother plant to the runner plants, and not to the runner itself. Application of prohexadione–calcium (Pro–Ca), a plant growth retardant with few side effects, to strawberry is effective in inhibiting transport of assimilates to runners. This study aimed to determine the optimum application method and concentration of Pro–Ca on the growth characteristics of mother plants, runners, and runner plants for the propagation of strawberry in nurseries. Pro–Ca was applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg·L−1 (35 mL per plant) to plants via foliar spray or drenching under greenhouse conditions at 30 days after transplantation. Petiole lengths of mother plants were measured 15 weeks after treatment; growth was suppressed at the higher concentrations of Pro–Ca regardless of the application method. However, the crown diameter was not significantly affected by the application method or Pro–Ca concentration. The number of runners was 7.0 to 8.2, with no significant difference across treatments. Runner length was shorter at higher concentrations of Pro–Ca, especially in the 200 mg·L−1 drench treatment. However, fresh weight (FW) and dry weights (DW) of runners in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatments were higher than controls. Foliar spray and drench treatments were more effective for runner plant production than the control; a greater number of runner plants were produced with the 100 and 150 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca foliar spray treatment and the 50 and 100 mg·L−1 drench treatment. The FW and DW of the first runner plant was not significantly different in all treatments, but DW of the second runner plant, and FW and DW of the third runner plant were greatest in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment. These results suggested that growth and production of runner plants of Maehyang strawberry were greatest under the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment.