Train Running Research Articles

Pengembangan Latihan Variasi Zig Zag Run Terhadap Kelincahan Atlet Karate Kumite Pengcab KKI Lampung Utara

The aim of the research in this study was to add variations to zig-zag run training on the agility of Pengcab KKI North Lampung kumite karate athletes. The research uses the R n D method (Research and Development), researchers developed existing agility training products and then modified them again according to needs. Of the four development steps, researchers limited only two steps to collecting information and planning zig zag run training products at Pengcab KKI North Lampung. This research uses data collection techniques, namely literature review this means that the researcher looks for several theoretical sources related to the research. The results of research on the development of zig zag run training in gathering information contained several problems including lack of targeted training, lack of training program structure, training focused heavily on other aspects of physical training, and lack of variety in agility training. Product planning includes a variety of structured exercises with zig zag exercises using cone, variation of the zig zag run exercise by circling cone, and variations of the zig zag run exercise with running sprint forward and run sideways past cone.

Correlation properties and respiratory frequency of ECG-derived heart rate variability during multiple race-pace running intervals in female and male long-distance runners.

Aim was to evaluate alterations of the non-linear short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAa1) of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) as a sensitive marker for assessing global physiological demands during multiple running intervals. As a secondary analysis, agreement of ECG-derived respiratory frequency (EDR) compared to respiratory frequency (RF) derived from the metabolic cart was evaluated with the same chest belt device. Fifteen trained female and male long-distance runners completed four running bouts over 5 min on a treadmill at marathon pace. During the last 3 min of each bout gas exchange data and a single-channel ECG for the determination of HR, DFAa1 of HRV, EDR and RF were analyzed. Additionally, blood lactate concentration (BLC) was determined and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was requested. DFAa1, oxygen consumption, BLC, and RPE showed stable behaviors comparing the running intervals. Only HR (p < 0.001, d = 0.17) and RF (p = 0.012, d = 0.20) indicated slight increases with small effect sizes. In addition, results point towards inter-individual differences in all internal load metrics. The comparison of EDR with RF during running revealed high correlations (r = 0.80, p < 0.001, ICC3,1 = 0.87) and low mean differences (1.8 ± 4.4 breaths/min), but rather large limits of agreement with 10.4 to -6.8 breaths/min. Results show the necessity of EDR methodology improvement before being used in a wide range of individuals and sports applications. Relationship of DFAa1 to other internal load metrics, including RF, in quasi-steady-state conditions bears the potential for further evaluation of exercise prescription and may enlighten decoupling mechanisms during prolonged exercise bouts.

Energy expenditure and slow-wave sleep in runners: Focusing on reproductive function, chronic training, and sex.

This comparative study focused on chronic exercise training, menstrual cycle, menstruation, and sex related with slow-wave sleep and energy expenditure (EE) during sleep in runners and controls. Participants included 26 highly trained runners (9 males, 8 amenorrheic females, and 9 menstruating females) and 20 controls (10males and 10 menstruating females) aged 21± 2 years. Sleeping metabolic rate and EE during slow-wave sleep were 2.7% and 3.9% higher in the luteal than the follicular phase for female runners. Significant interactions were found between the 8-h time course adjusted EE and menstruation, exercise training, and sex. Sleep stage durations did not differ between groups. Interestingly, amenorrheic runners did not suppress sleeping and overnight metabolic rates, suggesting that EE in sleep may not be a causative factor for amenorrhea in runners. This study highlights the complex relationship between chronic exercise, menstrual cycle, and sex on EE during sleep.

Running in the heat similarly reduces lipid oxidation and peak oxygen consumption in trained runners and inactive individuals.

This study compared oxygen consumption and substrate oxidation while exercising in hot and temperate conditions in individuals with different physical activity status (i.e., inactive individuals vs. trained runners). 10 inactive individuals (IA: 26 ± 6 y; 79.1 ± 14.1 kg; 40.7 ± 5.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 10 trained runners (TR: 25 ± 6 y; 69.5 ± 9.1 kg; 63.1 ± 5.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed two incremental exercise tests (4 min stages) until exhaustion in temperate (TEMP: 18.7 ± 0.1 °C; 43.2 ± 4.1% relative humidity) and hot (HOT: 34.4 ± 0.2 °C and 42.6 ± 1.6% relative humidity) conditions. Expired gas and blood lactate concentrations were measured at the end of each stage. Peak oxygen consumption similarly decreased in HOT compared to TEMP for IA and TR (-13.2 ± 4.5% vs. -15.2 ± 7%; p=0.571; ES=0.25). In HOT compared to TEMP, lipid oxidation, from 30 to 70% of V̇O2peak, was reduced for both groups (IA: p=0.023, ES=0.43; TR: p<0.001, ES=0.72) while carbohydrate oxidation was increased for TR (p=0.011; ES=0.45) but not for IA (p=0.268; ES=0.21). Core temperature was different between conditions for TR (higher in HOT, p=0.017; ES=0.66) but not for IA (p=0.901; ES=0.25). Despite reduced physiological capacities in IA, both populations demonstrated reductions in lipid utilisation and peak oxygen consumption in hot compared to temperate conditions. However, the increased carbohydrate oxidation in HOT for TR were not observed in IA, potentially explained by lower thermal strain.

Runability Analysis of the New Storstrøm Bridge Due to Wind Action and Ship Impacts

In the process of designing long span bridges, runability analysis plays an important role. In fact, it deals with the assessment of the impact on the structure’s response and train running safety of external factors such as environmental actions, like wind and earthquake, or catastrophic events like ship impact. Runability analysis involves a combination of local aspects (e.g. wheel–rail interaction) with global and local bridge dynamic response. In this respect, runability analysis represents a complex task to be tackled and requires adequate modelling. The present work proposes a runability study to be performed on the New Storstrøm Bridge, which is currently under construction in Denmark connecting Zealand with Falster. In this numerical analysis. two scenarios have been considered separately: ship impact on the bridge’s superstructure and wind action on a rail vehicle, using both the “Chinese hat” and stochastic turbulent wind formulations. The outcomes of this study clearly show that, even when threshold values were locally reached in terms of train running safety, a close examination of the local wheel–rail contact condition helps in defining the expected evolution of the dynamics of the train and thus documenting a higher safety level than indicated by the basic requirements.

A Narrative Review: How Does ABC Running Affect Speed Improvement in Young Athletes?

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ABC Running on increasing speed in young athletes. This type of research uses a narrative review method. Literature search through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar. Keywords such as ABC running OR speed enhancement OR athletic performance OR athletic basic coordination OR youth or young athletes. The criteria for articles are open access, scientific journals, in English or Indonesian, and published from 2019 to 2024. From the literature search, 6 articles were found that met the criteria for analysis. The results of this study are that ABC running is effective in increasing running speed in young athletes. In addition, a combination of exercises such as Running Mechanics and Ladder Drills, as well as visualization exercises were found to help improve athletes' technical skills. In conclusion, ABC running exercises are very useful in building a strong physical foundation, preventing injuries, and improving technical understanding for young athletes. This shows the importance of integrating ABC running training into young athletes' training programs to support success at higher levels. Therefore, it is recommended to continue and develop research and practice of ABC running training with various training models. Then a deeper analysis of the methodology such as developing training models, adding control variables, details on training programs and a large number of samples.

Intrinsic Topological Relationship between Pier Settlement Amplitude and Train Running Performance Dynamic Index

Intrinsic Topological Relationship between Pier Settlement Amplitude and Train Running Performance Dynamic Index

The Impact of Advanced Footwear Technology on the Performance and Running Biomechanics of Mountain Runners

In recent years, advanced footwear technology (AFT) has been shown to improve performance in long-distance road running by altering biomechanics and perceived comfort. This type of footwear is now being marketed for mountain running, although its effects in such races remain unevaluated. This study aimed to examine the impact of AFT on performance, biomechanics, and perceived comfort during a simulated mountain running event. Twelve trained mountain runners participated in a 3-day experiment, with a 7-day recovery between sessions. On the first day, a maximal aerobic speed test assessed the runners’ performance levels. On the second day, participants familiarized themselves with a 5.19 km mountain circuit and comfort scale. On the third day, they completed two time trials on the same circuit, separated by 30 min of passive recovery, using conventional and AFT shoes in a randomized order. Physiological and biomechanical variables were recorded, including body mass, blood lactate, running biomechanics, vertical stiffness, shoe comfort, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The findings indicate that AFT does not improve performance or physiological responses during a simulated mountain race, regardless of segment (uphill, downhill, or mixed). However, AFT significantly alters running biomechanics, reducing step frequency and increasing the vertical oscillation of the center of gravity, especially in uphill and downhill sections. While overall comfort remained unchanged, specific differences were observed with AFT. Coaches and practitioners should consider these findings when using AFT in mountain running training or competition.

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Affect Place Cells and Affects the Spatial Memory Ability of Mice

Background: The fact that AHN can improve spatial memory is already very clear. However, place cells directly affect spatial memory, but they are located in CA1 region. AHN happens in DG, which is not directly connect with CA1.So,the the impact mechanism of AHN on place cells and spatial memory is still unclear. Method: I use the injection of tamoxifen and the extracellular recording to observe place cells in CA1 region. Running training is used to stimulate the AHN. Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) Injection is used to silence old place cells. Morris water maze is used to test spatial memory ability. The difference memory ability before and after CNO injection and AHN can reflect the impact of AHN on place cells and spatial memory ability. Expected Result: AHN mice can still have spatial memory even after CNO injection, because AHN create some new place cells or activate some old ones. However, no-AHN mice will completely get lost even after training. Conclusion: If the results is similar to our expectation, it can be proved that AHN can improve spatial memory by increasing the number or the activity of place cells

Faster intervals, faster recoveries - intensified short VO2max running intervals are inferior to traditional long intervals in terms of time spent above 90% VO2max.

High intensity interval training for improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a fundamental component of specific preparation phases for middle- and long-distance runners. In this context, short intervals are very popular in practice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether increasing the intensity of short intervals around maximal aerobic speed (vVO2max), compared to traditional long interval runs, leads to a greater time spent above 90% VO2max. 12 highly trained middle distance runners (7 males, 5 females) completed two VO2max sessions (4 × 3 min at 95% vVO2max, recovery: 3 min at 50% vVO2max vs. 24 × 30 s at 100% vVO2max, recovery: 30 s at 55% vVO2max) on the treadmill in randomized order. Spiroergometric data, lactate accumulation, heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion was determined. This allowed the recording of time above 90% VO2max and time above 90% HRmax. To analyze differences between the interval sessions, the paired t-test respectively the Wilcoxon test, if data were not normally distributed, were applied. The time spent above 90% VO2max was significantly lower in the 30-s intervals, despite the higher intensity, compared to the 3-min session (201.3 ± 268.4 s vs. 327.9 ± 146.8 s, p = 0.05, r = 0.57). In contrast, the time spent above 90% HRmax was significantly higher for the 30-s intervals than for the 3-min intervals (820 ± 249 s vs. 545 ± 131 s, p < 0.001, d = 1.73). The blood lactate concentrations showed higher values in the 3-min session (9.69 ± 1.82 mmol/L) compared to the 30-s session (7.59 ± 2.01 mmol/L, p < 0.001, d = 2.34). There was no statistical difference in the rating of perceived exertion between the two sessions (30-s session: 6.5 ± 1.0 vs. 3-min session: 6.8 ± 1.2; p = 0.26). The present study showed that intensified 30-s intervals were inferior to traditional 3-min intervals regarding the time spent above 90% VO2max. Given the observation of an opposing trend in the time spent above 90% HRmax, this parameter should be interpreted with caution in traditional training settings.

Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Zi-Zag Run terhadap Kemampuan Dribbling pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Futsal di SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak

This study aims to determine the effect of Zig-Zag Run training variations on dribbling ability in futsal extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak. The research method used is an experiment in the form of pre-experimental design. The source of data for this research is students of class X and class XI who participate in futsal extracurricular activities at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak. The data are assessment sheets of dribbling ability before and after the implementation of variations of Zig-Zag Run exercises and the results of interviews with futsal extracurricular coaches. The results of the study showed that the provision of variations of Zig-Zag Run exercises had a significant effect on the dribbling ability with the ball in futsal extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak. The dribbling ability of futsal extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak before being given a variation of Zig-Zag Run practice obtained an average pretest score of 27,218. The dribbling ability of futsal extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak after being given a variety of Zig-Zag Run exercises has increased with an average posttest score of 29.3045. There was a significant influence of the variation of the Zig-Zag Run practice on the dribbling ability of futsal extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak, with a t-test result value of 8.095 on dribbling ability with the ball.

A study on the effects of different training methods on the biomechanical characteristics of sprinting in young track and field athletes

In order to improve the level of sprinting, we should not only rely on scientific and technological progress, but also have scientific training methods. Based on this, this paper mainly starts from the perspective of sports biomechanics, and studies the influence of two training methods of “weight loss running platform” training and flat running training on sprint biomechanical characteristics of young track and field athletes. The research results show that: The movement curves of the main joints of the lower limbs in the training of “weight loss running platform” have the same basic characteristics as that of flat running. The safety protection of “weight loss running platform” can increase the density of athletes’ high-speed training, but athletes will produce involuntary technical adaptation phenomenon in the training of “weight loss running platform”, and there are some different technical characteristics.

RETRACTION Alimuddin, A., Liza, L., Syafrianto, D., Sepriadi, S., Bin Zakaria, J., Wahyudin, W., Sari Kardi, I., Komaini, A., Ndayisenga, J., Singh, V., &amp; Okilanda, A. (2024). Efectos de la combinación ABC Running y Bodyweight Training: Un estudio de caso sobre la velocidad de los atletas de vallas (Effects of ABC Running and Bodyweight Training combination: A case study on

Alimuddin, A., Liza, L., Syafrianto, D., Sepriadi, S., Bin Zakaria, J., Wahyudin, W., Sari Kardi, I., Komaini, A., Ndayisenga, J., Singh, V., &amp; Okilanda, A. (2024). Efectos de la combinación ABC Running y Bodyweight Training: Un estudio de caso sobre la velocidad de los atletas de vallas (Effects of ABC Running and Bodyweight Training combination: A case study on the speed of hurdling athletes ). Retos, 55, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103344 Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI. Autores en el Word del artículo enviado a revisión: 7 Autores en el PDF publicado con los autores modificados: 110 Diferencia de los autores entre ambos momentos: +4 (Anton Komaini, Japhet Ndayisenga, Wahyudin, Vikash Singh, Ardo Okilanda)

Research on expansion joint for high-speed railway long-span bridges in China

PurposeThe bridge expansion joint (BEJ) is a key device for accommodating spatial displacement at the beam end, and for providing vertical support for running trains passing over the gap between the main bridge and the approach bridge. For long-span railway bridges, it must also be coordinated with rail expansion joint (REJ), which is necessary to accommodate the expansion and contraction of, and reducing longitudinal stress in, the rails. The main aim of this study is to present analysis of recent developments in the research and application of BEJs in high-speed railway (HSR) long-span bridges in China, and to propose a performance-based integral design method for BEJs used with REJs, from both theoretical and engineering perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThe study first presents a summary on the application and maintenance of BEJs in HSR long-span bridges in China representing an overview of their state of development. Results of a survey of typical BEJ faults were analyzed, and field testing was conducted on a railway cable-stayed bridge in order to obtain information on the major mechanical characteristics of its BEJ under train load. Based on the above, a performance-based integral design method for BEJs with maximum expansion range 1600 mm (±800 mm), was proposed, covering all stages from overall conceptual design to consideration of detailed structural design issues. The performance of the novel BEJ design thus derived was then verified via theoretical analysis under different scenarios, full-scale model testing, and field testing and commissioning.FindingsTwo major types of BEJs, deck-type and through-type, are used in HSR long-span bridges in China. Typical BEJ faults were found to mainly include skewness of steel sleepers at the bridge gap, abnormally large longitudinal frictional resistance, and flexural deformation of the scissor mechanisms. These faults influence BEJ functioning, and thus adversely affect track quality and train running performance at the beam end. Due to their simple and integral structure, deck-type BEJs with expansion range 1200 mm (± 600 mm) or less have been favored as a solution offering improved operational conditions, and have emerged as a standard design. However, when the expansion range exceeds the above-mentioned value, special design work becomes necessary. Therefore, based on engineering practice, a performance-based integral design method for BEJs used with REJs was proposed, taking into account four major categories of performance requirements, i.e., mechanical characteristics, train running quality, durability and insulation performance. Overall BEJ design must mainly consider component strength and the overall stiffness of BEJ; the latter factor in particular has a decisive influence on train running performance at the beam end. Detailed BEJ structural design must stress minimization of the frictional resistance of its sliding surface. The static and dynamic performance of the newly-designed BEJ with expansion range 1600 mm have been confirmed to be satisfactory, via numerical simulation, full-scale model testing, and field testing and commissioning.Originality/valueThis research provides a broad overview of the status of BEJs with large expansion range in HSR long-span bridges in China, along with novel insights into their design.

The frequency and severity of urinary incontinence symptoms in the group of adult physically active women

Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology and severity of urinary incontinence (UI) in adult physically active women. Material and methods. In order to conduct the study, a total of 171 questionnaires have been collected from physically active women aged 18+. In order to follow UI diagnostic purposes the study was based on International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire– Urinary Incontinence Short Form. The gathered data was analysed with the use of Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 29 programs. Values of p &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. After analysing the study group (n = 171, av. age 33 years) authors found a total of 42.1% women reporting UI incidents during their physical activity. Highest UI occurrence was observed by the patients during their anaerobic strength training with additional loads (14.1%), running (11%) and general fitness training (8.9%). In the study we did not find a significant relation between the UI occurrence, type of activity as well as the specificity of the training. Group of women with a UI in the questionnaire was however older (av. 5 years) than those without such incident being reported (p &lt; 0.001). At the same time those with a higher number of labours were more likely to sustain a UI compared with those who have not experienced childbirth at all (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. A high UI incidence in physically active women shows the need for proper education on the matter with the emphasis on those who train specific UI susceptible disciplines.

Effectiveness of Agility Ladder and Shuttle Run Training on Dribbling Agility in Futsal Games

Effectiveness of Agility Ladder and Shuttle Run Training on Dribbling Agility in Futsal Games

Motivational Factors for Running an Ultramarathon as a Recreational Activity

Although runners mostly start for health benefits and recreational purposes, there is a shift in the recent years from half-marathon to ultramarathon (UM) running that pushes the physiological and mental limits of human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors for motivation of recreational runners competing in the 119 km Cappadocia Ultramarathon Run. Data of 98 endurance runners was collected via The Ultra Marathon Motivation Scale (UMMS) and analyzed according to the independent variables gender, age, marital status, education level, weekly training frequency and running distance. Results of the study showed that the factors that motivate recreational runners, especially those over the age of 45, more likely to run UM are self-esteem, affiliation, personal goal achievement, health orientation, life meaning and competition with oneself. Moreover, it has been understood that the reason that motivates male runners to participate in UM runs more than female runners is the feeling of competition with other runners, and as the education level of runners increases, weight concern is the most effective factor in motivating them. However, it was determined that the runners' marital status, weekly training frequency and running distance did not have any effect on their motivation to participate in UM runs. It can be concluded that the motivation of recreational runners to participate in UM runs differed according to their age, gender and educational status. Since UM running is not considered a single sporting event and has various forms that vary depending on distance or time, it is of great importance to examine the motivational factors in several UM events with different characteristics.

The Innovation and Transfer of Computer Science and Technology in Recent and Modern Railway Transportation

This article aims to discuss the influence of computer technology on the innovation and technology transfer of modern railway transportation. By historical analysis and empirical research, this article first reviews the evolution of railway transportation from steam locomotive to High-Speed Railways, and then compares and analyzes the performance of the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm and traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in train operation scheduling through designing simulation experiments. The experiment selected the representative train operation data sets, and the first 25 and 15 data items are used as training sets respectively to predict the subsequent data items, and the prediction results of MPSO algorithm, traditional PSO algorithm and support vector machine algorithm are compared. The results show that MPSO algorithm is excellent in prediction accuracy, convergence speed and error control, and its prediction results are closer to the actual train running state, which verifies the effectiveness of computer technology in optimizing railway transportation scheduling.

Biomechanical analysis and tactical awareness cultivation of badminton players’ variable speed running training

Biomechanical analysis and tactical awareness cultivation of badminton players’ variable speed running training

The Potential Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/-4 in Excessive Mechanical Overloading-Initiated Joint Degeneration.

Excessive mechanical overloading of articular cartilage caused by excessive exercise or severe trauma is considered a critical trigger in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the available clinical theranostic molecular targets and underlying mechanisms still require more elucidation. Here, we aimed to examine the possibility that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) serve as molecular targets in rat cartilages and human chondrocytes under conditions of excessive mechanical overloading. Two rat models involving high-intensity running training and surgery for destabilization of medial meniscus, along with a cell model subjected to cyclic tensile strain, were established to simulate and investigate excessive mechanical overloading effects on cartilages/chondrocytes. We employed various methods, including immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to evaluate the expression, secretion, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of mRNA/proteins in cartilages and chondrocytes. Our findings revealed a simultaneous upregulation of BMP-2 and downregulation of BMP-4 in degenerated and inflamed cartilages and chondrocytes under excessive mechanical overloading. Furthermore, toll-like receptor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B-p50/p65 subunits signaling were identified as regulators governing this distinct expression pattern. Treatment with recombinant BMP-2 and/or BMP-4 proteins significantly ameliorated cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte inflammation induced by excessive mechanical overloading. These results strongly suggest that BMP-2 upregulation and BMP-4 downregulation might represent mechanisms for self-rescue and degeneration in damaged cartilage/chondrocytes, respectively. Our findings advance new insights that BMP-2/-4 might be potential molecular targets for excessive mechanical overloading-caused OA development and should be taken into account in future clinical applications.