Rumex Patientia Research Articles

Assessment of photosynthetic productivity of new perennial forage crops in forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of six years of experience in comparative evaluation of perennial forage crops (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby., Silphium perfoliatum L., Polygonum divaricatun L., Polygonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt, Helianthus tuberosus L., Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.), Symphytum asperum Lep., Urtica dioica L., Isatis tinctoria L., Rumex tianschanicus L. × Rumex patientia L.) on parameters of photosynthetic activity and dry matter yield in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. These crops are characterized by environmental plasticity, longevity (up to 25 years), high productivity (30-100 t/ha of green mass). And they have a versatile economic use. The experiment’s purpose is to assess the potential of crop cultivation and recommend species for inclusion in the regional cropping system. It was found that the largest area indicators of the assimilable apparatus (131.4-149.3 thousand m2 / ha) and photosynthetic potential (4.5–4.6 million m2 day/ha) were in S. hermaphrodita and S. perfoliatum crops, which exceeded the maize values by 1.2–2.4 times. A significant increase in leaf area in these crops contributed to a 23% decrease in net photosynthesis productivity compared to maize. By collecting dry matter for two mowings, these crops surpassed maize by 65-85% with a relatively high indicator of EER PAR (1.2 - 1.4%).

Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Pirot County (Serbia)

This paper provides essential information on medicinal plant uses in the veterinary ethnopharmacology of Pirot County in Eastern Serbia, known as a relatively isolated, multiethnic, and a traditional agricultural area. The aim of the study was to collect, analyze, and evaluate the medicinal plants' ethnoveterinary knowledge in a Pirot County (2761 km2, total 92,479 inhabitants, of which 34,672 in the rural area). The local inhabitants of the rural area were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire to determine how many of them are familiar with the plants' application in veterinary ethnopharmacology. Interviews were conducted in four municipalities of the Pirot County, where the samples of the local rural population included 631 respondents (mean age 50; 45.59% women, 53.41% men) at 144 sites, of which 148 respondents from 92 villages reported the use of plants in veterinary medicine. The data are presented in a tabular manner and include scientific and local names, the part used, pharmaceutical form, therapeutic indication, and mode of administration, followed with several reports. Furthermore, most frequently reported taxa are systemized for each therapeutic group municipality-wise with calculated informant consensus factor. A comparison with previously published data collected from surrounding territories on the Balkan Peninsula was performed by considering the Jaccard index. The survey revealed 192 plants used by the local population for various health indications, of which 46 species were reported for use in veterinary medicine. Plants reported for the treatment of health issues in livestock (206 reports) were distributed in 30 families out of which the main ones being Asteraceae (8 species), Lamiaceae (4 species), Rosaceae (4 species) and the most abundant were Asteraceae (43 reports), Hypericaceae (28 reports), Polygonaceae (26 reports) and Ranunculaceae (23 reports). The most frequently used plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology were Cichorium intybus, Hypericum perforatum, and Rumex patientia. Aerial plant parts were exploited more frequently than underground parts. The mode of administration was primarily oral in the water extract form. The primary reported therapeutic groups were diarrhea (98 reports), wounds (27 reports), dermatological diseases (scabies and pediculosis) (14 reports), and elevated temperature (10 reports). The use of 22 plant species was not reported in other ethnoveterinary surveys in the Balkan Peninsula. Knowledge of plants for veterinary use is still constrained among the population of the rural parts of Pirot County. The study identified plant species used by the local population to deal with health issues in domestic animals. The presented findings of this study can be a good starting point for new phytopharmacological investigations in the veterinary domain.

Comparative Anatomical Features Study of the Some Medicinal Rumex Species Distributed in Turkey

Distributed in Turkey Rumex crispus L., Rumex patientia L., anatomical features of Rumex obtusifolius species were comparatively investigated in this study. For anatomical studies, cross-sections were taken from root, stem and leaf. In addition, superficial sections were taken from the leaf and stomata index and stomata features were determined. Similarities and differences of taxa are revealed. There were druse crystals at the root of the R. obtusifolius plant. The radial-shaped vascular bundles in the root of R. crispus had 4-5 arms. Glandular hair was found only in the body of R. obtusifolius. It is also characteristic that vascular bundles were scattered in the stem of this species. There was cuticle in the stem of R. crispus. Stem corner numbers of taxa can also be seen as a distinguishing feature in terms of species. R. crispus was 10, R. obtusifolius was 8, R. patientia was 14 cornered. The number and type of collenchyma layer in the stem of the species were also different Outward bulge was detected in the middle-vascular region of leaves of the taxa. This bulge was less pronounced in R. crispus and the most prominent in R. obtusifolius. At least the number of stomata was observed on the R. obtusfolius leaf. Leaf epidermis cell walls were wavy in R. patientia.

Interaction of Some Heavy Metals with Copper Content in Dock Plant

In this study, interaction of some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) with copper content in the dock plant was investigated. Dock (Rumex patientia L.) is a medicinal aromatic plant grown in contaminated soils with some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb). For this purpose, 100 mgkg-1 Cr, Cd and Pb were applied to each pot. The content of copper in test soils was found to be 1.50 mg kg-1. Increased doses of (0, 5, 10 and 15 mmolkg-1) EDTA chelate were given to soils contaminated with metals. At the end of a two-month trial, the plants were harvested. The contents of copper in the patience dock plant with a fixed dose of heavy metals were compared with that of heavy metals applied with increasing doses of chelate in the pot experiment. According to the results, increasing chelate applications, especially lead and cadmium contents increased the copper contents of the leaves of patience dock plant. However, the opposite situation was observed in the plant roots. These increases were found to be statistically significant at the level of 1%. The aromatic plant patience dock was shown to be a hyperaccumulator for heavy metals. Dock plant is useable for heavy metal remediation near highway or motorway in agricultural soils.

Determination the Fatty Acid Composition of the Rumex patientia L. Leaves and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of their Different Extracts

Rumex patientia L. is from Polygonaceae family and there are 25 species of it in Turkey. Rumex patientia L. has antifebrile, laxative, diuretic, and pain killer properties. In this study, the extraction of the Rumex patientia L. leaf were done and determination the fat content and fatty acid composition by using GC device and to determinate in vitro antimicrobial activity of their different extracts were aimed. On the purpose of detection of antimicrobial activity; Rumex patientia L. leaf was extracted with ethanol, methanol, acetone, petroleum ether and water. Rumex patientia L. leaves was tested their different extracts using Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia enterocolitica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast by agar-well diffusion technique. As a result of the study, 26 fatty acid components were detected on Rumex patientia L. leaf. In addition, among obtained extracts the highest antimicrobial activity was formed by methyl alcohol extract on K. pneumoniae bacteria (32mm).

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants from the Erzurum region of Turkey.

In this study, 13 different extracts were investigated which are grown in the region of Erzurum. The aim of this study was to screen various plant extracts that are known and used for medicinal purposes such as Ferula communis L., Rumex patientia L., Gundelia tournefortii L., Rheum ribes L., Asphodeline taurica, Polygonum arenastrum, Allium schoenoprasum L., and Ferula orientalis L. Medicinal parts of plants such as leaves, flowers, and stems were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays: Centaury and Blackthorn. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antimicrobial properties were also determined. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by the microdilution method and the agar diffusion method respectively. Accordingly, the results of the Rheum ribes L. plant have the highest antioxidant activity among all analyses made. But in almost all antioxidant analysis methods, the lowest antioxidant activity was found in Ferula orientalis L. According to the antibacterial analysis applied, it was found that the plant extracts were generally more effective on yeast strains than the test bacteria used; that is, most of the plants have antifungal effect. Due to their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, the extracts of these plants might be used as natural sources in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Nutritional value of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) in different periods

Article Details: Received: 2018-07-31 | Accepted: 2018-10-18 | Available online: 2018-10-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.197-200 The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2). Rumex OK 2 can be considered as a technical or energetic plant for renewable production of biomass or as a feed as source of nutrients for animals. In this study two harvestings were planned, firs cut was realised in June (growth from March to June) and second cut was realised in November (growth from July to November). Samples of Rumex OK 2 plants were collected in the 20 th day of the month in March to June and in September to November. Concentration of nutrients were detected according to Regulation no. 2145/2004-100. Fresh Rumex OK 2 samples from March 7.42%, April 8.71% and September 4.89% had very low concentration of dry matter (DM). On the other hand samples from March, April, September and October had high concentration of crude protein in range from 31.42 to 24.54% of DM. From start of growth in spring to time of firs cut in June increased both concentration of dry matter from 7.42 to 56.62% and concentration of crude fibre from 14.86 to 47.38% of DM. Concentration of fat in Rumex OK 2 is low and similar to that of maize plant or alfalfa, whereas concentration of nitrogen free extract in Rumex OK 2 plant is similar only to alfalfa. Results of this article bring compact view over nutritional characteristic of Rumex OK 2, which can be according to gained results about nutritional value used as a source of nutrients in animal nutrition, or as a source of renewable biomass for bioenergy production. Keywords: Rumex OK 2, months, nutrients, fiber complex References BOCKHOLT, R. and KANNEWURF, B. (2001) Rumex obtusifolius in peatbog at Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (widening, forage quality, ensilability, force out by extensiveness). In 45. Jahrestagung AGF, 23.–25. 8. 2001, Gumpenstein, pp. 49–51. (in German). DERRICK, R.W. et al. (1993) Intake, by sheep, and digestibility of chickweed, dandelion, dock, ribwort and spurrey, compared with perennial ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 51–61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600073585 GALIK, B. et al. (2016) Nutritional characteristics of feeds. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak). HEJDUK, S. and DOLEŽAL, P. (2004) Nutritive value of broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 144–450. Available from: http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/53197.pdf HRIC, P. et al. (2018) The changes of the assimilation pigments content of turf Festuca spp. leaves after application of different nutrition forms. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 6–10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.06-10 JURACEK, M. et al. (2012) Nutritional value and ensilability if maize hybrids. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak). JURACEK, M. et al. (2011) Laboratory protocols. In GALIK et al. (2011) Biotechnology and animal food quality – Part II. Animal food quality. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, pp. 122–133. KOVAR, P. et al. (2017) The influence of various dose of nitrogen on botanical composition of turfs on the basis of drought-tolerant fescues cultivated under conditions without irrigation. In Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 494–514. Doi: https://doi.org//10.5513/JCEA01/18.2.1922 PETŘIKOVA, V. (2012) Forage plant – Rumex OK 2. [Online]. Retrieved 2018-07-31 from: https://biom.cz/cz/odborneclanky/krmna-plodina-rumex-ok-2 (in Czech). PETRIKOVIC, P. et al. (2000) Nutritional value of feeds. Nitra: VUŽV (in Slovak). RAKHMETOV, D. (2018) Non-traditional plant species for bioenergetics. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 103 p. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/2018.fe-9788055218557 (in Russian). REGULATION of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Slovak republic no. 2145/2004-100 about sampling of feeds, laboratory testing and evaluation of feeds. ROLINEC, M. et al. (2018a) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A.Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 20–23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.20-23 ROLINEC, M. et al. (2018b) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) samples from spring months and June. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 60–62. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.60-62 SIMKO, M. et al. (2010) Saccharides in ruminants nutrition. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak) TRINACTÝ, J. (2013) Evaluation of feeds for dairy cows. Pohořelice: AgroDigest (in Czech). USŤAK, S. (2007) Cultivation and use of fodder sorrel in condition of Czech Republic. Prague: Crop Research Institute. Available from: http://www.vurv.cz/files/Publications/ISBN978- 80-87011-26-3.pdf (in Czech).

Energy content of hybrid Rumex patienta L. x Rumex tianschanicus A. Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months

Energy content of hybrid Rumex patienta L. x Rumex tianschanicus A. Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months

Yield and Palatability of Potential Indigenous Leafy Vegetable of Cold Arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India

<p>Not much attention has been paid to a wide range of indigenous leafy vegetables that can grow in high altitude harsh climatic conditions with minimal care. Therefore, a study was carried out on yield potential and palatability of indigenous leafy vegetables (ILV) that grows in trans-Himalayan Ladakh. Seven ILV viz. <em>Fagopyrum tataricum,<strong> </strong>Rumex patientia, Fagopyrum esculentum, Amaranthus cruentus, Malva vertisilester, Lepidium latifolium </em>and<em> Atriplex hortensis </em>that are being used by native people of Ladakh were recorded for their morphological characters, earliness, yield and other consumer preference traits. The highest yield was recorded for <em>A. hortensis</em> (1.80±0.06 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The study suggested that <em>A. hortensis </em>and<em> A. crunteus </em>have high palatability and are most preferred by the consumers. Yield potential of the cold hardy <em>A. hortensis </em>is significantly higher and it is an early maturing crop. Therefore, detail studies on <em>A. hortensis </em>are required, and efforts need to be made for large scale cultivation of the species.</p>

Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) samples from spring months and June

Article Details: Received: 2018-05-26 | Accepted: 2018-06-26 | Available online: 2018-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.60-62 Aim of this study was to determine the gross energy concentration of fresh, wilted and ensiled Rumex OK 2 ( Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los.) from spring months and June. Samples were collected in spring months and June of the year 2018. The plant of Rumex OK 2 consist in March mainly from rosette of leaves and the stalk is not higher than leaves, from April is stalk higher than rosette of leaves. The height of Rumex OK 2 during analysed months was following, March 60.96 ± 5.22 cm; April 114.70 ± 35.15 cm, May 168.31 ± 39.74 cm and June 197.41 ± 48.44 cm. Rumex OK 2 silage was made from wilted matter, with or without of addition of dried molasses. Gross energy was determined as the heat released after combustion of a sample (Leco AC 500) in MJ per kilogram of dry matter (DM) of the sample. The dry matter and gross energy concentration of fresh Rumex OK 2 increased during study, dry matter from 7.42% in March to 56.97% in June and gross energy from 18.00 MJ.kg -1 of DM in March to 18.88 MJ.kg -1 of DM in June. Statistically significant (P 0.05). From all analysed Rumex OK 2 samples the highest concentration of gross energy had silage from May with addition of dried molasses, 19.04 MJ.kg -1 of DM. The utilisation of Rumex OK 2 from spring months can by neither for bioenergy production as a source of renewable energy, or after evaluation of nutritive value as a source of energy and nutrients in animal nutrition in form of pasture and silage. Rumex OK 2 from summer months seems to be utilized only as a source of heat via direct combustion. Keywords: Rumex OK 2, silage, gross energy, dry matter References BAZHAY-ZHEZHERUN, S. and RAKHMETOV, D. (2014) Nutritional value of shchavnat. Food Industry [Online]. no. 16, pp. 15-19. Retrieved 2018-06-13 from http://dspace.nuft.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/24166/1/2.pdf (in Ukrainian). Biro, D. et al. (2014) Conservation and adjustment of feeds. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak). GALIK, B. et al. (2016) Nutritional characteristics of feeds. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak). HEJDUK, S. and DOLEŽAL, P. (2004) Nutritive value of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 144- 450. HEJDUK, S. and DOLEŽAL, P. (2008) Effect of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) on grass silage quality. In Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianea brunensis, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 75-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856050075 HRIC, P. et al. (2013) The influence of mycorrhizal preparations on the growth and production process of turf under non-irrigated conditions. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica [Online], vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–4. Retrieved 2018-06-13 from http://www.acta.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/index.php/on_line/article/view/58 HRIC, P. et al. (2018) The changes of the assimilation pigments content of turf Festuca spp. leaves after application of different nutrition forms. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 6-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.06-10 PETŘIKOVA, V. (2006) Biomass from energy plants. [Online]. Retrieved 2018-06-13 from https://biom.cz/cz/odborne-clanky/biomasa-z-energetickych-rostlin (in Czech). ROLINEC, M. et al. (2018) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months. In Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 20-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.20-23 SKLADANKA, J. et al. (2014) Forage production. Brno: Mendel University in Brno (in Czech). USŤAK, S. (2007) Cultivation and use of fodder sorrel in condition of Czech Republic. Prague: Crop Research Institute (in Czech).

Macro and Trace Element Contents of Some Wild Plants Consumed as Vegetable in Manisa District, Turkey

In this study, macro elements (Na, Mg, Ca and K) and trace elements (Li, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Co, Cd and Hg) in wild edible plant samples (Campanula sp, Anethum graveolens, Malva sylvestris, Onopordum tauricum, Cichorium endivia, Rumex patientia, Urtica diocia, Papaver rhaeas, Opopanax hispidus, Rumex acetosella, Eradium sp, Petroselinum crispum, Metha viridis, Eruca sativa, Sinapis arvensis, Lepidium sativum and Cardaria draba) grown in Mt. Yuntdağ and purchased from three different markets in Manisa district were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer after microwave digestion procedure. Selected plants for analysis are mostly consumed by people throughout the season. The mean concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Li, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Co and Cd were determined as 201 to 15896, 1597 to 4783, 3676 to 13290, >20000, 0.27 to 4.37, 144 to 666, 18.0 to 52.0, 21.2 to 86.5, 0.08 to 0.25, 111 to 693, 2.18 to 5.67, 2.62 to 13.4, 1.32 to 6.30, 6.40 to 38.7, 0.12 to 0.78, 1.07 to 3.25, 0.05 to 0.47, 0.08 to 0.50 (µg g-1,dry weight), respectively. Hg values for plant samples were well below the detection limit of the method.

Separation of chemical compositions in root of Rumex patientia L. with off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography

An innovative analytical method based on the off-line two-dimensional reversed-phase/reversed-phase liquid chromatography (2D-RPLC/RPLC) was established to separate the components of root of Rumex patientia L. The chromatograms of ethyl acetate extract of root of Rumex patientia L. on a phenyl/tetrazolium column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 7 μm) and a Unitary C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 7 μm) were compared, and they showed different separation abilities. A phenyl/tetrazolium column was used for the first dimensional separation with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases, and 18 fractions was collected. The second dimensional liquid chromatography analysis was carried out on a Unitary C18 column with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases. Based on the experiment setup and results, it was concluded that off-line 2D-LC can be an effective method for the separation of the trace components and the screening of active compounds of root of Rumex patientia L.

Nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of silage made from hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) in different months during the year

Nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of silage made from hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) in different months during the year

De novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of Rumex patientia L. during cold stress.

BackgroundRumex patientia L. is consumed as a green vegetable in several parts of the world, and can withstand extremely low temperatures (-35°C). However, little or no available genomic data for this species has been reported to date. Here, we used Illumina Hiseq technology for transcriptome assembly in R. patientia under normal and cold conditions to evaluate how it responds to cold stress.ResultsAfter an in-depth RNA-Seq analysis, 115,589 unigenes were produced from the assembled transcripts. Based on similarity search analysis with seven databases, we obtained and annotated 60,157 assembled unigenes to at least one database. In total, 1,179 unigenes that were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including up-regulated (925) and down-regulated ones (254), were successfully assigned GO annotations and classified into three major metabolic pathways. Ribosome, carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and biosynthesis of amino acids were the most highly enriched pathways according to KEGG analysis. Overall, 66 up-regulated genes were identified as putatively involved in the response to cold stress, including members of MYB, AP2/ERF, CBF, Znf, bZIP, NAC and COR families.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this investigation was the first to provide a cold-responsive (COR) transcriptome assembly in R. patientia. A large number of potential COR genes were identified, suggesting that this species is suitable for cultivation in northern China. In summary, these data provide valuable information for future research and genomic studies in R. patientia.

Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel

Rumex tianschanicus × Rumex patientia is a high-biomass-yielding plant suitable for fuel and biogas production. The protocol of the hybrid sorrel micropropagation was used to study the changes in the photosystem II (PSII) activity as well as to analyse the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts. The lowest effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] and an apparent electron transport rate of PSII [ETR(II)] were observed for adventitious shoots that had been regenerated in vitro, before rooting. These fluorescence parameters were higher and similar for both the leaves of the same adventitious shoots that had been rooted under in vitro conditions and for the shoots that had been acclimated and grown in ex vitro conditions. The analysis indicated that the PSII activity strongly depends on the formation of properly functioning roots and that in vitro or ex vitro culture conditions are, at least to some degree, less important. TEM analysis revealed that chloroplasts from plants rooted in vitro were sufficiently mature and acclimatization processes have less impact on their development. This is the first report concerning the analysis of PSII activity and the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts at all of the stages of micropropagation, i.e. adventitious shoot formation in vitro, rooting in vitro and acclimation to ex vitro conditions. It strongly indicated that rooting under in vitro conditions, rather than the acclimation to ex vitro conditions, plays a key role in the development of a completely functional photosynthetic apparatus in hybrid sorrel.

Plants Selection for Domestic Sewage Treatment in Jilin City

This experiment studied the removal efficiency of domestic sewage by testing 19 species of wetland plants along the Songhua River in Jilin City. It is shown that plants can purify domestic sewage, and the ability of removal efficiency is varied on different species. Rumex patientia var.callosus is the best in removal efficiency of TN(29.14%);Coleus blumei Benth. could effectively reduce output of TP and COD,the best removal efficiencies for TP is 58.04%, COD is 95.18%; Oenanthe javanica(Blume) DC. has better efficiency to increase DO in´sewage, and the maximum increase is 262.22%;Rumex.patientia var.callosus,Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juz.,Oenanthe javanica(Blume) DC.,Erigeron annuus (L. ) Pers. may be used as plants for the construction of sewage treatment landscape, because these plants have better comprehensive capacity for domestic sewage treatment.
 Water pollution has become a general and worldwide problem today. The application of wetland plants for waste water treatment features low cost,easiness to manage, high efficiency and etc.(Han Xiaoyuan etc.,2005;Li linfeng etc.,2006;Zhang Honggang,Hong Jianming,2006).Wetland plants can not only absorb nitrogen and phosphorus directly but also remove the heavy metals and organics in the waste water. (Xu Weiwei etc.,2005;Cheng Wei etc.,2005;C.C.Tanner,2001;Tang Shirong,2006;SAMAKEMoussa,2003;L.K.Mitchell,A.D Karathanasis,1995).According to current research reports,Phragmitas communis Trin, Juncus effuses Linn, Rush, and Iris japonica Thunb, Buttery Swordflag can efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the sewage (Deng Futang etc.,2005;Yuan Donghai etc.,2004;A. Fey,G. Benckiser,J.C.G. Ottow,1999).The constructed wetlands consisting of varied plants,such as Phragmitas communis Trin,Canna indica Linn. or Acorus gramineus Soland,Grassleaved Sweetflag,are effective in eliminating chemical oxygen demand(“COD”) in the waste water(Zhao Jiangang etc.,2006;Zhong Yushu etc.,2006;Yuan Donghai etc.,2004).Therefore wetlands can be used to reduce water pollution(Weng Meiya etc.,2005;Liu Zilian etc.,2005;Robert M. Seams,1995).So far most current studies have been developed in the South China with few in the Northeast area of China. 19 kinds of wetland plants growing along the Songhua River is selected in Jinlin City. We analyze and decide which plants are suitable for plant landscape application due to their better urban sewage treatment functions.

Protective Effect of Sorrel Extract on Adult Rats Treated by Carbon Tetrachloride.

Context:Heart, kidneys, and liver are the vital organs present in vertebrates and some other animals. They have a wide range of functions, such as maintaining homeostasis, detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemical, that are necessary for digestion and maintaining circulation. These organs are necessary for the survival, and currently, there are no means to compensate for the absence of their functionalities in a long term. The damage of liver can affect other vital organs, including kidneys and heart.Aims:This study aimed at investigating the effect of sorrel extract in the treatment of some of the diseases of liver, kidneys, and heart using experimental animals.Settings and Design:This study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial.Materials and Methods:Forty mature male albino rats, weighing 150–160 g, were used and divided into four equal groups. One group was kept as negative control (C −ve) group whereas the other three groups were injected subcutaneously (s/c) with carbon tetrachloride in 50% V/V paraffin oil (2 ml/kg b.wt.). Tissue specimens were obtained from all the groups and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.Statistical Analysis Used:The obtained data were statistically analyzed using computerized Superior Performing Statistical Software (SPSS) at SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA. Effects of different treatments were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test using Duncan's multiple range test, and P < 0.05 was also used to indicate the significance level between different groups (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967).Results:The resulting data showed that the sorrel extract demonstrated a significant enhancement in liver intoxication and all other tested parameters. In addition, it also helped in minimizing the structural tissue damages in the vital organs.Conclusions:According to these results, sorrel can impair the liver function and maintain the functions of the vital organs.SUMMARY All rats, poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and administrated with all tested herbs, showed a significant increase in BWG as compared to the control (+ve) groupSorrel extract demonstrates a significant enhancement in liver intoxication and all other tested parameters and can reduce the lipid peroxidation in CCl4-induced liver damageAll rats, poisoned with CCl4 and orally fed with all tested herbs, showed a significant decrease in the mentioned parameters when compared to control (+ve) group. Abbreviations Used: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; BWG%: Body weight gain percentage; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; CAT: Catalase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; GLOB: Globulin; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; RP: Rumex patientia; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TP: Total protein; TC: Total cholesterol; TGs: Riglycerides.

The effects of manganese on the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the dock (Rumex patientia L.) plant

The effects of manganese on the remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the dock (Rumex patientia L.) plant

Fatty acid composition, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts of selected wild edible plants consumed as vegetables in the Aegean region of Turkey

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid composition, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts of selected wild edible plants consumed as vegetable in the Aegean region of Turkey. In general, Mentha piperita L., Rumex patientia L., and R. acetosella L. exhibited quite strong antioxidant activities in the majority of test systems, whereas Urtica dioica L. and Eruca sativa Mill. show quite weak antioxidant activities. Enzyme inhibitory activities of the plants were found quite different than those of their antioxidant activities. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., E. sativa, R. patientia, and E. cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. showed the highest inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, respectively. U. dioica also showed a promising inhibitory activity on these enzymes. In parallel to the experiments, total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol, and saponin contents of the extracts were also determined. According to the results of these assays, M. piperita had the highest amounts of phenolics, flavonols, and saponins (162.36 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, 3.52 mg CEs/g extract and 761.54 mg QAEs/g extract, respectively). Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. and Lepidium sativum L. were found to be rich in flavonoid compounds (121.18 and 104.21 mg Res/g extract, respectively). In general, a strong correlation was determined between the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the plant species.

Characterizing the accumulation of various heavy metals in native plants growing around an old antimony mine

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to explore potential plant candidates to act as phytoremediators around the Xikuangshan mine, Hunan Province, China. Native plants including Imperata cylindrical (L), Rumex patientia L., Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don), Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don), Phytolacca americana L., Dryopteris erytbrosora, Pteriduum aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv), Nephrolepiscordifolia (L) Presl, Oplismenus undulatifolius (A) Bea, Erigeron annuus (L) Pers, and soils samples were collected. As, Sb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn levels were measured in soil and plant samples. The concentrations of As, Sb, Hg, and Cd in soils were above the corresponding background values for Hunan province. R. Patienti, P. aquilinum, and P. americana had large bioconcentration factors (BAFs) and high translocation factors (TFs) for Sb; and the same showed in D. erytbrosora for Hg, P. vittata for Cd, I. cylindrical for Cr, and D. erytbrosora for Pb and Zn. In general, perennial plants showed high heavy metal contents in roots, and TFs greater than 1 were only observed for Sb in E. annuus and Cr in O. undulatifolius. These results demonstrate that several native plants growing around Xikuangshan are potential phytoremediators for metal and metalloid contaminated soils.