Rumen Fluid Of Cows Research Articles

Effect of laser radiation on the growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from rumin fluid of cows in the Nineveh, Iraq.

The fungi Rhodotorula species are widespread airborne contaminants and are thought to be natural occupants of human skin, lungs, urine, and feces. Therefore, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula minuta, and Rhodotorula glutinis are three of the most prevalent species. This study aims to isolate R. mucilaginosa from the rumen fluid of cows in the province of Mosul and to determine how laser light irradiation affects the growth and morphological traits of these Fungi. From the rumen fluid of AL-Restaki and AL-Karadi of cows, the R. mucilaginosa was isolated. Using the traditional approach and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2. A semiconductor laser system with a power of 50 mW and a wavelength of 450 nm was used in the experiment to evaluate the light laser irradiation effects on the culture growth of R. mucilaginosa directly under two light irradiation conditions of 30 and 60 minutes. According to traditional methods and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2, R. mucilaginosa predominated 7/30 (23.3%), and these strains effectively grow on medium sabouraued dextrose agar as evidenced by the carotenoid pigments that gave their colonies a salmon-pink to coral-red. Compared with a control group where no laser was used, the impact of light laser irradiation was assessed 24 hours after the irradiation using biomass (dry weight measuring yeast cell content in suspension) and microscopic analysis using Gram stain. Microscopic examinations showed the irregular shape of the cells linked to one another. The irradiated subculture of on Sabouraued dextrose agar and incubation at 37°C for 3 days demonstrated inhibited growth in 4/7 (57.1%) isolates. In addition, there was no discernible difference vertically at p < 0.05 between the control group and the R. mucilaginosa biomass concentration under light irradiation circumstances (30 and 60 minutes). This study proved that R. mucilaginosa is found in the rumen fluid of cows. Also, the isolated R. mucilaginosa displayed sensitivity to laser irradiation lights, revealing the more significant topographical alterations of the cell structure that had happened, the irregular shape of the cells, and how they were connected as a result of evolution.

Streptococcus ruminicola sp. nov., new species of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) isolated from the rumen of Korean domestic ruminants.

A total of three Gram-positive, and oxidase and catalase-negative facultative anaerobic non-motile bacteria were isolated from the rumen fluid of cows and goats and these strains were designated CNU_G2T, CNU_77-61, and CNU_G3. They grew at 20-45°C, pH 6.5-7, and 0-6.5% NaCl (w/v). The G + C contents (%) of the three isolates were 37.9, 37.8 and 37.8, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that these strains were distinct from other Streptococcus species. The average nucleotide identity between the isolates and the closest strain S. infantarius subsp. infantarius ATCC BAA-102T was 94.0-94.5%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the isolates and the aforementioned related strain were 58.2-61.4%, respectively. Fatty acid analysis revealed higher proportions of C16:0 (> 28%) in all three isolates, while the proportion of C18:0 was higher in CNU_G2T (25.8%); however, it was less than 12% in all the representing strains used in the study. The C14:0 composition of strains CNU_77-61 (22.1%) and CNU_G3 (24.1%) was higher than that of type strains of CNU_G2T (8.1%). Based on the morphological, biochemical, and molecular phylogenetic features of the three novel isolates, they represent a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, for which we propose as Streptococcus ruminicola sp. nov. The type strain is CNU_G2T (= KCTC 43308T = GDMCC 1.2785T).

Effect of addition of waste vegetable fermented flour rumen fluid on the quality feed

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of fermented vegetable waste flour on the rumen fluid of cows and goats that could improve the quality of feed nutrition. The study used two types of feed containing starch fermented vegetable waste flour and goat flour. The treatments tested were 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% vegetable waste flour fermented cow rumen fluid (Test feed 1) and 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% vegetable waste flour fermented goat rumen fluid. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively by comparing various literature. The results of the proximate analysis of amino acids, and test feed fatty acids with the addition of 20% fermented vegetable waste flour in cow rumen fluid showed that the crude protein content was higher, amino acids and fatty acids were higher compared to other treatments. Likewise with the addition of 10% vegetable waste flour fermented goat rumen fluid. The results showed that the crude protein content of feed C (the addition of 20% fermented vegetable rye flour fermented cow rumen fluid) was higher than other test and control feeds. The content of amino acids and fatty acids in the test feed is more optimal based on recommendations. Feed B (addition of 10% goat rumen liquid fermented vegetable waste) obtained 38.33% higher crude protein content, and 4.81% crude fiber. The content of amino acids and fatty acids is more optimal than the control and other test feed. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the addition of 20% fermented vegetable waste flour rumen cow liquid and 10% fermented goat rumen liquid vegetable waste flour can improve the nutritional quality of the test feed.

Feed product in the rations of freshly calved cows consisting of protected soybean and sunfl ower protein

Conducting dairy cattle breeding in modern environments is impossible without a deep understanding of all the physiological processes occurring in the body of a highly productive animal. It is well known that the realization of the genetic potential of cows is impossible without the use of high-quality feed products and feeds. The issue of complete feeding of ruminants is particularly acute during the period of increasing the milk yield. The purpose of the researches was to study the feeding of the PassPro Balance feed product consisting of protected soybean and sunfl ower protein in the rations of freshly calved highly productive cows. It has been found as a result of the experiment that the input of the studied additive in the amount of 2 kg in the ration of cows of the experimental group contributed to the increased consumption of feed dry matter by 3,4 %. For the period of experiment from the experimental animals by 12,0 % more milk (P &lt; 0,05) has been received in comparison with the control group. It has been found that the yield of milk fat in the experimental group was signifi cantly higher than the control one by 13,3 % (P &lt; 0,05). In the experimental group of cows there was a tendency to increase the milk protein content by 10,8 %. By adjusting milk yield by 4,0 % in the experimental group of cows this indicator signifi cantly exceeded the control by 12,8 % (P &lt; 0,05). When analyzing the rumen fl uid for microbiological indicators, a certain decrease in enterobacteria and staphylococci has been found in samples of cows of the experimental group with the increase in lactic acid microorganisms by 1,6 times. The pH of the rumen fl uid of cows of both groups was at the level of 6,2, which excludes the development of acidosis in animals during the fresh calving period.

Potential Role of SLC5A8 Expression in the Etiology of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis.

Rumen fluid of cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has high concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, the mechanism of SCFA accumulation is unknown. The solute-linked carrier 5a8 (SLC5A8) plays a key role in the transportation and absorption of SCFA in the intestinal epithelium. The objective of the current study was to investigate (1) SLC5A8 gene and protein expression in various parts of the bovine gastrointestinal tract, (2) the effect of SCFA on SLC5A8 expression in rumen epithelial cells, and (3) SLC5A8 gene and protein expression in SARA and healthy cows. A total of 10 dairy cows, 84 ± 26 days in milk and in their second to fourth parity were allocated to control (n = 5) and SARA groups (n = 5). Three cows from the control group and three calves (1-day-old, female, 45–50 kg, healthy, fasting) were chosen to collect a total of 10 sections of digestive tract, from rumen to rectum, and then bovine ruminal epithelial cells were isolated from the three calves. Gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 was detected in all tested regions of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and adult cows by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR and were both highest in the rumen. Gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 was more than 50% lower in the rumen epithelium of SARA vs. control cows and was partly restored after therapy of SARA cows. Compared with SCFA concentrations typical for control cows (60 mM acetate, 30 mM propionate, and 20 mM butyrate), gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 in rumen epithelium was lower at elevated SCFA concentrations typical for SARA cows (90 mM acetate, 40 mM propionate, and 30 mM butyrate), specifically for elevated concentrations of propionate or butyrate in contrast to elevated concentrations of acetate increased gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 in rumen epithelium. In conclusion, the elevated concentrations of propionate and butyrate inhibit ruminal absorption of SCFA via downregulation of SLC5A8 in SARA cows; the expression of SLC5A8 plays an important role in the etiology of SARA.

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Rumen Fluid and Feces of Dairy Cows on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and in vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa Silage

The objective of this study was to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the rumen fluid and feces of dairy cows, and evaluate their effects on silage quality of alfalfa after 30 or 60 days of ensiling. One hundred and four LAB strains were isolated from rumen fluid and feces of six dairy cows, of which four strains (Lactobacillus plantarum F1, L. plantarum F50, Lactobacillus salivarius L100, and Lactobacillus fermentum L120) and one commercial inoculant (GFG) isolated from forage were employed for further study. The silages treated with F1 had the lowest (P < 0.05) pH value and the highest (P < 0.05) lactic acid (LA) content in all treatments. Besides, higher (P < 0.05) in vitro digestibility was also observed in F1-treated silage after 60 days of ensiling. The microbial analysis showed that the Lactobacillus abundance in the F1-treated silages increased to 60.32%, higher than other treatments (5.12–47.64%). Our research indicated that strain F1 could be an alternative silage inoculant, and dairy cows could be a source for obtaining excellent LAB for ensiling.

Metabolism fatty acids total lipids in the liquid contents of scars and productive cows indices in the presence in their diet coffee slurry

The biochemical mechanisms of action available in the diet in the summer of coffee sludge on metabolic processes in the body and productive performance of cows are poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to metabolism of nitrogenous compounds in liquid capacious rumen, milk production and composition of milk cows in the presence of the coffee slurry in the diet in the summer. Higher levels of fat obtained by the addition to the diet of cows coffee sludge. Cows fed feed consisting of coffee slurry in an amount of 8 and 16%. Established that the average daily feed of cows in the body, which together with the young grasses and legumes and forage fed coffee sludge reported in 4.2 and 11.2% more neutral detergent and 4.5 and 12.2% acid detergent fiber. Feeding cows coffee sludge results in reduction of nitrogen ammonia and amino nitrogen in their liquid roomy scar regardless of time relative to the start of feeding. Thus, the amount of protein nitrogen in the rumen fluid of cows increased research at the 10th hour from the start of feeding, and general – to 7–10th. As a result of feeding the young grass, fodder and coffee sludge cows increased average daily milk yield. At the same time research in the milk of cows increased protein, fat and lactose. The most pronounced effect on the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds in the rumen of cows and productive performance makes extra feeding cows with young grasses and legumes and forage, coffee slurry in an amount of 16% by weight of feed.

Hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate does not reduce rumen lipopolysacharide concentrations in cows

The efficacy of hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) to reduce the concentrations of free lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rumen fluid of cows was investigated. Six, rumen-fistulated crossbred Holstein, non-pregnant, dry cows were randomly assigned to three experimental rations in a study with a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. During the first 20 days of each experimental period, cows were offered concentrate (5.4kg dry matter; DM) without HSCAS and rice straw ad libitum. On day 21, cows were fasted for 12h prior to commencement of a 7-d measurement period during which time cows were offered concentrate (10.5kg DM) containing either 0, 5 or 10g/kg of HSCAS and 1.5kg DM rice straw. Rumen fluid was collected on days 1, 3 and 7 during the measurement period for analysis of pH, LPS and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Supplemental HSCAS did not affect the pH or the concentrations of total and individual VFA in the ruminal fluid. Mean postprandial rumen pH was reduced to values below 5.6 at all times. Rumen LPS concentrations significantly increased from day 1 to 7 during each measurement period with values ranging from 4489 to 104,000EU/mL but they were not significantly affected by supplemental HSCAS.

Enhanced biogas yield from energy crops with rumen anaerobic fungi

Anaerobic fungi (AF) are able to degrade crop substrates with higher efficiency than commonly used anaerobic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate ways of use of rumen AF to improve biogas production from energy crops under laboratory conditions. In this study, strains of AF isolated from feces or rumen fluid of cows and deer were tested for their ability to integrate into the anaerobic bacterial ecosystem used for biogas production, in order to improve degradation of substrate polysaccharides and consequently the biogas yield. Batch culture, fed batch culture, and semicontinuous experiments have been performed using anaerobic sludge from pig slurry fermentation and different kinds of substrates (celluloses, maize, and grass silage) inoculated by different genera of AF. All experiments showed a positive effect of AF on the biogas yield and quality. AF improved the biogas production by 4–22%, depending on the substrate and AF species used. However, all the cultivation experiments indicated that rumen fungi do not show long‐term survival in fermenters with digestate from pig slurry. The best results were achieved during fed batch experiment with fungal culture Anaeromyces (KF8), in which biogas production was enhanced during the whole experimental period of 140 days. This result has not been achieved in semicontinuous experiment, where increment in biogas production in fungal enriched reactor was only 4% after 42 days.

Nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

Nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

高デンプン飼料給与時の乳牛の血中およびルーメン液中D/L乳酸, アンモニア濃度の推移

高デンプン飼料給与時の乳牛の血中およびルーメン液中D/L乳酸, アンモニア濃度の推移

Effect of methanol on methanogenesis and fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)

Introduction Major methanol sources in ruminant feeds are pectins esterified with methoxyl groups. Methanol can be released by pectin esterase activity of rumen bacteria (R exova‐B enkova and M arkovic 1976). It has been detected in rumen fluid of cows in vivo and in vitro (V antcheva et al. 1970, 1972). It is, however, not likely to accumulate in the rumen fluid since it can be readily used by methylotrophic organisms. Methanogenic archaebacteria such as Methanosarcina barkeri (H utten et al. 1980; M&amp; uuml; ller et al. 1986) are able to use methanol as energy and carbon source. Two equations have been reported for this conversion:4CH4 → 3CH4 + CO2 + 2 H2O(1)CH3OH + H2 → CH4 + H2O(2)Methanogenesis from methanol has been shown to occur during in vitro fermentations with rumen fluid as inoculum (C zerkawski and B reckenridge 1972; P ol and D emeyer 1988). However, acidogenic micro‐organisms, such as Eubacterium limosum or Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, may also utilize methanol. In rumen fluid of sheep fed a molasses‐rich diet, Eubacterium limosum was the predominant methanol‐utilizing bacterium (G enthner et al. 1981). Major products of these acidogenic methylotrophs are acetate and butyrate. These different fermentation end‐products, methane versus fatty acids, will affect the metabolizable energy content of feedstuffs that are rich in highly methoxylated pectins or other methyl group‐containing compounds.The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) would be a suitable model to evaluate the methanogenic or acidogenic potential of methanol during ruminal fermentation. The study focused on methane production, fermentation characteristics and methanol turnover. Fermentation traits included pH, redox potential, ammonia and volatile fatty acid production, and degradation of feed constituents.

The analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in the rumen fluid of cows.

For 1 week 2 nonlactating Friesian cows were given hay with potassium nitrate 80 mg/kg bodyweight daily. Then nitrate 120 mg/kg was given into the rumen and rumen fluid was sampled every 15 min for the next 165 min. Greatest concentrations of nitrate, 3.9 and 2.9 mmol/litre in each cow, were present after 90 to 105 min. Dimethylnitrosamine was the only volatile N-nitrosamine found. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Prevention of artifact formation during the analysis of N-nitrosamines in the rumen fluid of cows.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrevention of artifact formation during the analysis of N-nitrosamines in the rumen fluid of cowsLeo W. Van Broekhoven and Jack A. DaviesCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 5, 957–959Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60231a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (431 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

INFLUENCE OF FEED PARTICLE SIZE ONpH, CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT, AND VISCOSITY OF RUMEN FLUID

Four fistulated cows were used to compare the rumen fluid properties produced from feeding all-concentrate feeds of fine (344 μ), or coarse (519 μ) geometric mean particle size, or alfalfa hay. A severe frothy condition developed in the rumens of cows fed the fine particle size feed but not in the rumens of cows fed the coarse or hay diets. The average viscosity of rumen fluid from cows fed hay was 7.4 centipoises (cP), about 14.7 cP when fed the coarse feed, and about 30.7 cP when fed the fine feed. After the cows became accustomed to their feed, rumen fluid pH declined from 6.5 to 5.6 when fed the fine particle feed and from 6.9 to 6.0 when fed the coarse. The rumen fluid from the cows fed the fine feed exhibited two viscosity maxima, between pH 5.5 and 5.8, and between pH 7.5 and 8.5, whereas the viscosity of the rumen fluid from the cows fed the coarse feed was not influenced by pH. Soluble carbohydrate levels were 650 μg/ml in the rumen fluid of cows fed the coarse-particle diet and over 1,000 μg/ml in that from cows fed the fine-particle feed. Cows fed hay had less than 300 μg/ml of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen fluid.