Rules Of Professional Ethics Research Articles

The influence of European integration on the development of the concept of fair competition in Ukraine

Bona fide and fair competition is a form for implementation of the fairness principlein the economic activity. Fair competition in the modern economic turnover allows takinginto account and coordinating diverse interests of market participants, consumers,and the state, as well as achieving a necessary compromise in their implementation.Providing the legal framework for free and easy implementation of fair competition isone of the leading directions in the state legal policy implementation.Fair competition is the embodiment of certain moral, ethical and socio-historicalideas about good and evil in economic activity, which defines the boundaries of permissiblebehaviour, including competition. Thus, fair competition is the embodiment of moral and ethical ideals of good and justice, and the implementation of the rule of lawprinciple in economic (competitive) legal relations.The study of the problems of legal regulation of fair competition gives us the opportunityto assert that in Ukraine, repeated attempts by legislators and representatives of theAntimonopoly Committee of Ukraine to formulate more or less defined rules of fair competitionhave not been successful. The rules of professional ethics developed by entrepreneursin cooperation with chambers of commerce and industry and approved by the AntimonopolyCommittee of Ukraine, recommendations of advisory bodies and internationalnon-governmental organizations and unions, and judgments of the European Court ofHuman Rights remain an effective mechanism for implementing the principles of goodfaith of participants in competitive competition.The key to effective development of economic relations in Ukraine is the gradual integrationof Ukraine's economic system into the global economic world, which is possibleonly through the unification and harmonisation of the current legislation within theframework of regional and universal trade agreements. For Ukraine, as a candidate countryfor EU accession, it is important to finalise the implementation of European legislationinto the legal system of Ukraine, to decide on the conceptual framework for the protectionof trade secrets and the model of unification of European law affecting the development ofcompetition in certain markets at the national level.

Ethical requirements for the behavior of a private contractor when performing executive actions

The article analyzes the ethical requirements for the behavior of a private executor during execution of executive actions. It is noted that the activity of a private performer belongs to the socionomic type of professions of the system and is associated with constant interaction with people. Professions of this kind mostly make high demands on a person’s health, physical and mental capacity. They are characterized by a complex combination of direct and indirect labor results, immediate and remote in time. The content of work in these professions is characterized by high emotional saturation of interpersonal contacts, high responsibility for the results of communication, for decision-making. In their activities, private executors are faced with the need to evaluate people’s actions from the point of view of the law. Since they observe the most diverse manifestations of people’s activity in the most crisis situations of their lives and have to decide their fate on the basis of legal norms, this profession carries the highest social significance and responsibility. Attention is focused on the fact that the nature of ethical requirements for the behavior of a private executive during executive actions remains insufficiently clarified. It is indicated that the purpose of the article is to determine the model of ethical requirements for the behavior of a private performer during performance of executive actions according to the rules of professional ethics. It is noted that procedural communication, regulated by legislation, with a private executor should be quick and accessible to the parties. The reception time should be as convenient as possible for the participants of the enforcement proceedings. Ethical principles of professional communication and private communication are considered: the prohibition of undue benefit, ensuring the interests of all parties to enforcement proceedings and the private executor, documenting and recording the actions of the private executor, avoiding conflicts of interest, maintaining confidentiality. Issues of mediation in executive proceedings are being investigated. It is concluded that in the course of his professional activity, a private performer, entering into interpersonal relations with various categories of citizens, is obliged to take into account and use various forms of interactions that comply with the law, rules of ethics and communication circumstances.

Responsibility of a private contractor for violation of the rules of professional ethics

Responsibility of a private contractor for violation of the rules of professional ethics

Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Field of Protection of Genomic and Genetic Information in the Framework of Medical Diagnostics

Objective: to formulate recommendations and proposals for improving legislation in the field of protection of genomic and genetic information, including those obtained as a result of medical diagnostics.Materials and methods. We analyzed 18 regulatory legal acts, including 4 international, 3 acts of foreign states, 11 domestic legislation and judicial practice in the area under study. In addition, scientific works on this topic were analyzed. In the course of the study, we used the formal-logical, dogmatic, comparative method and axiological approaches.Results. We formulated the concepts of genomic and genetic information and demonstrated differences between these concepts. We showed topical issues of information protection, identified problems in the field of legal regulation of relevant relations, formulated recommendations and proposals for improving legal regulation.Conclusion. Based on performed research results, we recommend: 1. To incorporate in the legislation of the Russian Federation the principle that would allow the use of genetic information for further research depending on certain cases using a criteria-based approach, when such use should meet important public interests, for example, contributes to developing methods for the treatment of serious and socially significant diseases. 2. Regulate relations in the field of obtaining consent for research of biological material for scientific purposes (for example, within the framework of the Federal Law "On Personal Data"). 3. To define in Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 5, 1996 "On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering Activities" the cases that require ethical examination in order to comply with the principle of safety of clinical trials of gene diagnostic methods, as well as in other cases. 4. Medical organizations shall ensure compliance with the rules of professional ethics in terms of data confidentiality, carry out their depersonalization, notify patients in writing about compliance with such a regime and, as a result, provide guarantees for the protection of information about patients, as well as about their relatives.

Exploring the nexus between law and morality: ethical considerations in legal studies

This publication aims to furnish a comprehensive examination of the ethical elements inherent in the roles of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and notaries, elucidating their influence on the content of pertinent legal statutes governing the professional status of these legal vocations. The research employed various methodologies, encompassing the analytical method, the synthetic method, the method of scientific generalization, the method of interpreting legal norms, and the formal-logical method. The examination of legal understanding from a moral and ethical perspective involves the scrutiny of two principal concepts: the concept of natural law and the concept of legal positivism. This analytical framework enables the author to assert that a hallmark of progressive law-making lies in the adherence to not only the tenets of natural human rights but also moral and ethical principles during the formulation of legislative acts. In the context of the role and significance of ethics in the professional conduct of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and notaries, the author undertakes an analysis of pertinent Ukrainian laws. It is asserted that within each of the examined legal enactments, ethical requirements assume a predominant role in the regulation of the legal status of practitioners in the specified legal professions. For instance, the non-violation of rules of professional ethics is delineated as a fundamental duty for specific categories of legal practitioners, with breaches serving as grounds not only for disciplinary consequences but also for the termination of the authority. Building upon the aforementioned observations, it is affirmed that the ethical dimensions of jurisprudence hold significance within contemporary legal discourse across three dimensions: adherence to moral and ethical principles in the crafting of legislative instruments; avoidance of breaches against ethical principles in the course of judicial, prosecutorial, attorney-at-law, and notarial activities; and the imperative that moral and ethical requirements remain inviolate during the preparation of legally consequential documents.

The Principles and Rules of Professional Ethics in Psychiatry

The Principles and Rules of Professional Ethics in Psychiatry

Rules on professional ethics for judges and court assessors

In this article, the authors outline selected ethical aspects of the set of rules of professional ethics for judges and court assessors. They present the concepts of judicial independence and justice in relation to the concept of law, which are crucial for the ethical context in which a judge acts. They present a historical outline and the process of creation of the ethical institutions of the judicial profession, considering its evolution and influence on the current wording of the rules, and present the current regulations, crowning the process of codification of the set of rules of professional ethics of judges and court assessors.

The Influence Of Love Of Money, Machiavellianism, Turnover Intention, And Job Stress On Dysfunctional Behavior With Individual Morality As A Moderating Variable

An auditor is required to be able to present relevant, accurate and timely information. When acting in the public interest, public accountants must comply with and apply all the basic principles and rules of professional ethics that apply. However, the facts show that there are still many accountants who work without being based on a professional code of ethics. The following research aims to determine the effect of love of money, Machiavellianism, turnover intention, and work stress on dysfunctional behavior with individual morality as a moderating variable. The research approach used in this study uses a quantitative research approach. The results of this study indicate that love of money has an effect on dysfunctional behavior, Machiavellianism has an effect on dysfunctional behavior, turnover intention has an effect on dysfunctional behavior, work stress has an effect on dysfunctional behavior, individual morality moderates love of money on dysfunctional behavior, individual morality does not moderate Machiavellianism on dysfunctional behavior, individual morality moderates turnover intention towards dysfunctional behavior, individual morality moderates work stress towards dysfunctional behavior.

Moral values in the work of a physiotherapist

IntroductionThe goal of the study was to analyse the attitudes towards moral values adopted by Polish physiotherapists. Eight basic moral values were enumerated, namely: professionalism, care, fairness, dignity, autonomy, responsibility, trust, and profes�sional integrity. The chosen values were analysed taking into account the sex, age, education, work experience, workplace and the knowledge of moral rules included in the Code of Professional Ethics of the Physiotherapist of the Republic of Poland and/or in the Rules of Professional Ethics of Physiotherapists (the Polish Chamber of Physiotherapists).MethodsThe study embraced 199 professionally active physiotherapists, with 5 surveys not filled in correctly, which left 194.ResultsVariables such as sex (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and workplace (<i>p</i> < 0.016) differentiate the respondents significantly in the context of the studied values. Physiotherapists with longer working experience also declare attitudes more closely based on moral values than physiotherapists with shorter working experience (<i>p</i> = 0.021). With regard to the adopted attitudes towards values, vital differences between men and women can be observed. Women choose fairness (<i>p</i> < 0.001) whereas men choose the ethics of care (<i>p</i> = 0.619). Physiotherapists employed by non-public centres are more oriented towards autonomous decisions than physiotherapists employed by publicly financed centres (<i>p</i> = 0.048).ConclusionsNumerous factors have been observed differentiating the attitudes of the respondents towards moral values. The differences may evidence a lack of uniform professional culture which might in turn translate into limited respect on the part of society. The variables differentiating the group are modal, thanks to which a change in the moral attitudes of Polish physiothera�pists is possible.

The concept of professional activity in the context of its implementation by foreign service officials

The purpose of this study is to explore and consider the main characteristics of professional activity and highlight the main criteria that a professional shall meet while performing the diplomatic service.
 The relevance of the study is due to many socio-political factors. In modern conditions of development and functioning of different states of the world, international relations are meeting significant changes. The study of the conditions for the implementation of professional activities by officials of the diplomatic service is determined by both scientific and practical considerations, since society needs orderliness and predictability of relations in various spheres of life. With the emergence and expansion of types of professional activity as integral attributes of political, international and socio-economic relations, a number of questions arose regarding: a) improving the legal regulation of professional activity, in particular in the field of international relations; b) determination of criteria, both general and special, which an official has to meet performing the diplomatic service; c) determination of the purpose and place of this type of professional activity among its other types.
 The source base of the study is the valid legislation of Ukraine, laws and by-laws, the study and comparison of which requires a systematic approach and various research methods, such as: dialectical, logical-legal, system-structural, method of forecasting and comparative law.
 In the study, firstly, it is concluded that the content of professional activity consists of the provision of services and works by persons engaged in professional activities. The conditions, procedure, list of services and works, rights and obligations of persons engaged in professional activities and others are enshrined in acts of the valid legislation on the implementation of certain types of professional activities, codes and rules of professional ethics and business practices. Secondly, the criteria that an official of the diplomatic service is obliged to meet shall be more demanding compared to other public officers, especially when it comes to the business reputation of such a person, which means that professional responsibility both to the state and to society shall be elevated.

Human Rights as the Foundation for Ethical Practice of Law

This Article is a reflection on the importance and foundational role human rights play in the Ethics and Code of Conduct of the legal profession generally and specifically as it relates to the Liberian National Bar Association. It submits that human rights represent the minimum standards with regard to decent treatment of human beings anywhere, notwithstanding the location or culture of persons involved. As a result this makes human right principles an indispensable reference point and guide when formulating rules of professional ethics and code of conduct. It contends that this accounts why ethics should promote human rights and respect to human rights principles should be the basis for any ethical codes. It concludes that, this being the case, any code of conduct that violates human rights, such code has ab initio lost its legitimacy and moral basis to be code of conduct.

Conflict in Schools: A Qualitative Study

As a qualitative research method, case study was used in the research carried out to investigate the causes of conflicts in schools, levels and type of conflict, effects of conflict, methods used to solve conflicts. 40 teachers working in 3 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Yeniçağa district of Bolu, Turkey which constituted the research group of the study, were determined using the criterion sampling technique within the scope of convenience sampling and purposive sampling method. The data were collected through interviews and semi-structured interview form and analyzed with content analysis. A medium-level conflict in schools will yield positive results in terms of individual and organizational aspects and therefore increase the effectiveness of schools when considering the positive effects and consequences of conflicts in schools. However, since the increase in the level of conflict can lead to negative individual, interpersonal and organizational outcomes, both teachers and school administrators at schools should have a broad knowledge of conflict and good conflict management skills. In addition, conflict information will minimize the individual, interpersonal and administrative reasons that reveal the conflict. The current study finds the following important and striking results: teachers' weariness and tiredness as a result of conflict, burnout, unwillingness to work, decrease in work efficiency and performance, decrease in organizational commitment, stress and anxiety, loneliness, unhappiness, cynicism, decrease in motivation, unwillingness to come to school, wanting to leave school, disappearance of ethical behaviors, withdrawal, and anger. Besides, one of the most important results of the study is to reveal some elements such as effective communication, fulfillment of duties and responsibilities in a timely manner, organizational fit, behavior of teachers and administrators in accordance with the rules of professional ethics and business ethics, teamwork and cooperation in schools which have no conflict.

Гарантії дотримання норм професійної етики суддею, прокурором і адвокатом (на прикладі України)

The scientific article is devoted to guarantees of compliance with professional ethics by judges, prosecutors and lawyers. The purpose of the article is the scientific development of the problems of guarantees of compliance with the professional ethics of the judge, prosecutor and lawyer by defining the concept of guarantees of compliance with professional ethics, defining the main varieties of these guarantees, as well as providing their general characteristics. The scientific article formulates the concept of guarantees of compliance with professional ethics as special legal means aimed at ensuring compliance of professional activity and out-of-service behavior of representatives of relevant legal professions with ethical requirements, prevention of violations of professional ethics and elimination of their negative consequences. The main types of guarantees of compliance with professional ethics by judges, prosecutors and lawyers, namely: ethical selection; making an oath; development and approval of codes of ethics; study of ethics; activities of the relevant authorized bodies; responsibility for ethics violations. It is concluded that these guarantees are typical for representatives of various legal professions, due to the unified legal nature of the rules of professional ethics for lawyers. In view of this, the further development of such guarantees is seen in their unification and improvement of the regulatory regulation of the professional ethics of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, as well as the practice of its application. It is proved that these guarantees constitute an orderly system, that in unity and interconnection allows to establish certain ethical rules and norms, to bring them to the attention of interested persons, to determine the state of their observance and to ensure the most complete implementation in professional activity. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine on the judiciary and the status of judges, the prosecutor’s office and the bar examined in detail the content of each of these guarantees. Their influence on the observance of professional ethics of judges, prosecutors and lawyers is determined.

Etyka dziennikarzy w opinii studentów kierunku dziennikarstwo i komunikacja społeczna Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Journalism, as a form of public service, requires for the journalists to be guided by specific rules of professional ethics. The quality of journalistic messages depends on it, and thus also the way in which the recipients of these messages learn about reality. The aim of the research presented in the article was to find out the opinions of journalism students on how they perceive journalists in terms of the ethical principles they apply in their work. The research covered students of journalism and social communication at the University of Rzeszów. The results of the research shows that this assessment is relatively critical – journalists are perceived as occasionally breaking certain standards and guided by both the social interest and the pragmatical development of their own careers.

Відповідальність судді, прокурора, адвоката за порушення професійної етики

The article analyzes the problems of responsibility for violation of professional ethics by judge, prosecutor and lawyer.The purpose of this article is the scientific development of the problems of liability of the judge, prosecutor and lawyerfor violation of professional ethics by determining the types of such liability, grounds and consequences of its occurrence.It is reasoned that one of the main guarantees of observance by the judge, prosecutor and lawyer of the rules ofprofessional ethics is the responsibility for their violations. The responsibility of the judge, prosecutor, lawyer for ethicsviolations can be considered in two aspects: internal and external.The internal aspect of such responsibility lies in certain experiences of the individual associated with failure to complywith ethical requirements or violation of moral prohibitions. External responsibility is manifested in two dimensions:(1) social and (2) legal.Social responsibility is manifested in the social condemnation of the offender, contempt for him from the environment,weakening social ties, loss of authority and influence on other people. Legal liability is a type of social responsibilityprovided by the law and provided by the power of state coercion and consists in the establishment of certain restrictionsfor a person in connection with the violation of norms and rules of professional ethics.It is reasoned that the legal liability for violation of professional ethics for judges, prosecutors and attorneys hasa single legal nature, and therefore can be unified, which will facilitate the establishment of a single approach to therelevant disciplinary offense and the use of charges for its commission.

Ethics of the Legal Professions – Present and Perspectives

The ethics of the legal professions precisely with this human factor, has to do with its importance and results from the need to ensure a unitary way of interpreting and applying the law. Regardless of how good a law would be, this does not guarantee that it will be interpreted and applied equally in all situations in which it would be incidental, if those who depend on this process are not encouraged by the same moral values. However, in order to achieve this goal, those who apply the law must follow common rules of professional ethics. This implies, first of all, a debate on these rules of professional ethics, because at this moment in the Romanian society, this is not sufficiently realized.

Proceedings Before the Supreme Pharmaceutical Court Concerning Infringement of the Rules of Professional Ethics of a Pharmacist

Members of the pharmacists’ self-government can be held liable before pharmaceutical courts for conduct breaching the rules of professional ethics and deontology, and infringing legal regulations concerning the practice of the pharmacist’s profession. Thus, the basis of professional responsibility of pharmacists is generally similar to the rules of professional liability of doctors, nurses, and midwives. Nevertheless, certain significant differences can be noticed in the course of the proceedings. Such a difference occurs in the proceedings before the Supreme Pharmaceutical Court. The professional group of pharmacists cannot be indifferent to punishable acts because this would imply tacit consent to breach of legal provisions regulating the professional practice and the rules of professional ethics and deontology set forth in the Code of Ethics of the Polish Pharmacist. Therefore, it is crucial that pharmacists, who practise a profession of public trust, should take care of the appropriate status of their occupation in order to conduct properly their mission of serving the society.

Історичний репортаж. Розвиток теорії, збагачення емпірики

In the modern scientific developments, the topic of historical reporting rarely arises. Simultaneously, historical reporting with cognitive content in the current socio-economic conditions is invaluable in terms of aesthetic and patriotic education.The objective of the article is to use concrete empiricism to confirm the fact of real existence and rapid evolution of historical report- ing, defining its stylistic characteristics, specifics of collecting factual material, adherence to the rules of professional ethics when writing original material. Research methods. The historical-comparative method is widely used to cover objectively the problem throughout its development: from fixation in the scientific literature ten years ago to this scientific study. The method of content analysis allowed to summarize and to systematize the factual material that became the basis for writing the historical reports. The method of generalization could be used when summarizing the results and depicting the prospective ways of further scientific inquiry. Results. The social changes taking place in the country since 1991 could not fail to raise the questions in mass and especially public consciousness, as for the issue of the past and the prospects for the future. When it comes to historical researches, namely the fiction on interpretation of past events and facts, sometimes their concepts differ fundamentally. The historical reporting in its form may resemble a blog, historical investigation. The author of this scientific study insists that historical reporting is as close as possible to the objective reality. Conclusions and suggestions. The historical reporting develops as a genre. A number of empiricists is increasing, the editors publish the historical researches written in a fictional style. The historical reporting will soon be perceived as an everyday reality. In regards to the prospects of training of journalists who will work in this complex genre, it should be recognized that this activity provides for significant funding involving the experts in writing the material.

Obniżenie policjantowi nagrody rocznej w przypadku popełnienia przewinienia dyscyplinarnego stwierdzonego w prawomocnie zakończonym postępowaniu dyscyplinarnym

Public service is characterized by a number of restrictions. A police officer must submit to a special type of regime resulting from the character of the service he performs. He is obliged to perform binding orders and service commands issued by his superior. Non-performance or improper performance of orders and service commands may cause consequences of a service nature, i.e. disciplinary liability. Establishing during disciplinary proceedings that a police officer has violated service discipline or has not followed the rules of professional ethics may result in them being subjected to disciplinary punishment. However, there are also other consequences that may cause a violation of service discipline or non-compliance with the rules of professional ethics confirmed in the final ruling of disciplinary proceedings. One of these is the necessity of reducing the annual award given to a police officer. This paper is entirely devoted to the issues related to the legal structure of reducing the annual award based on Art. 110 (5) (2) Act on the Police. This issue is of significant importance for Police authorities obliged to apply the legal provisions of service pragmatics as well as for police officers themselves because causes consequences in the financial sphere of a police officer. Violation of service discipline established in the final ruling of disciplinary proceedings is the most common reason for the need to reduce a police officer’s annual award. The application of this legal institution requires establishing that the final ruling of disciplinary proceedings confirming the violation of service discipline or non-compliance with the rules of professional ethics by a police officer exists in legal circulation. Attention is focused on the prerequisite of reducing the annual award. It is also indicated which entity is obliged to issue a decision on reducing the annual award, and procedural issues related to this institution are discussed. Discussion of this matter is preceded by a discussion of the issues related to the institution of the annual award, because such a reduction may only take place if a police officer previously obtained a right to this award.

Study Regarding the Respect of Professional Ethics and Deontology in the Promotion of Accounting Services in Romania

Abstract The change of the current economic environment due to the globalization of the economy and the unhindered circulation of products and services, the removal of national customs barriers, the evolution of information technology and the diversification of marketing techniques have led to a change in the financial and accounting services market. In the context in which the promotion of accounting services is a very complex activity, which involves a large number of decisions that have to be taken in accordance with the ethical and deontological norms imposed by the code of ethics in order not to affect the reputation of the accounting profession, study on how professional accountants promote their services and the extent to which the rules of professional ethics and deontology imposed by the National Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in Romania are respected. In this respect, we conducted a survey based on a questionnaire, applied to the professional accountants CECCAR members Dâmboviţa branch. The questions were formulated in such a way that the reality regarding the promotion of accounting services in relation to the rules of ethics and deontology of the profession is meaningful through the significance of the answers received.