Operational Rules Research Articles

Hydrodynamic model-driven evolutionary algorithm-based operation optimization of an experimental drainage pumping station

ABSTRACT The effective operation of pumping stations plays a crucial role in urban flood management. However, challenges persist in optimizing pumping station operations, including inaccuracies in characterizing flood propagation and the high computational costs associated with optimization. This study introduces a novel optimization approach for pumping station operation that integrates a hydrodynamic model with evolutionary algorithms, leveraging data-driven technology. The method iteratively computes operation rules using the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm to identify optimal solutions. The hydrodynamic model accurately simulates flood propagation and provides hydraulic parameters for the objective function and constraints of the APSO algorithm. With the predictive capability of the Kriging model, the optimization enhances efficiency by reducing the frequency of calls to the hydrodynamic model. A study case of a flood management digital twin experimental platform was then taken for the application. Compared to initial operation rules, the objective function value of the proposed method is reduced by 28.7, 32.5, and 25%, respectively, under varying magnitudes of unsteady flood inflows, demonstrating high performances in both flood mitigation and operation cost control. Moreover, the method only requires 70 calls to the hydrodynamic model to formulate the decision operation rule.

Regulatory and legal principles of management of sports schools for children and youth

The activities of sports schools for children and youth play a key role in shaping the physical culture of young people, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and preparing future professional athletes. The successful functioning of these schools relies on appropriate legal frameworks that outline the operational rules, requirements for educational processes, funding, and management of facilities. there is a pressing need to analyze the current legal framework governing the management of sports school for children and youth. Considering the constant changes in the legislation and the growing requirements for the quality of sports institutions, there is a pressing need to analyze the current legal framework governing the management of sports schools for children and youth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the regulatory and legal principles of managing the activities of sports schools for children and youth in Ukraine. The key legislative acts regulating the organizational, financial, and legal aspects of the functioning of sports schools for children and youth have been analyzed, including the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law ‘On Physical Culture and Sports,’ and the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Youth and Sports. This resolution provides a comprehensive framework for the operation of sports schools for children and youth as well as defines the forms of ownership, legal foundations of their activities, funding procedures, and requirements for athlete training. Particular attention is given to the state social standard in physical culture and sports, which sets requirements for the quality of services, infrastructure, and athlete training. The mechanisms of management that contribute to increasing the efficiency of sports schools for children and youth are highlighted.

The historical evolution of the Russian railway technical operation rules

The historical evolution of the Russian railway technical operation rules

Decision Analysis Algorithm Using Frank Aggregation in the SWARA Framework with p,qRung Orthopair Fuzzy Information

The present study introduces an innovative approach to multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) aimed at handling decision analysis involving p,qrung orthopair fuzzy (p,qROF) data, where the criteria weights are completely unknown. To achieve this objective, we formulate generalized operational rules referred to as Frank operational rules, tailored for p,qROF numbers (p,qROFNs) utilizing the Frank t-norm and t-conorm. With these newly devised operations as a foundation, we create a variety of p,qROF aggregation operators (AOs) to effectively aggregate p,qROF information. Furthermore, we examine specific instances of these operators and rigorously establish their desirable properties, including idempotency, monotonicity, boundedness, and symmetry. Subsequently, we adapt the SWARA technique to the realm of p,qROF fuzzy data and this adapted technique becomes instrumental in determining criteria weights within the proposed MCDM framework centered around proposed AOs. We furnish a descriptive example to exemplify the practicality of the developed approach. Lastly, the effectiveness and soundness of our approach are underscored through both parameter analysis and a comparative evaluation.

Features of the use of unmanned aircraft during the inspection of the scene of the incident during the investigation of violations of the road safety rules or vehicle operation

The article highlights the procedural and tactical features of the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle. To achieve this goal, the forensic features of conducting an inspection of the scene during the pretrial investigation of crimes of violations of road safety rules or vehicle operation at each of the preparatory, working, and final stages are revealed. The current state and prospects of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles by the bodies and units of the National Police during the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident were studied. The advantages of using an unmanned aerial vehicle during the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident are given, the concept of an unmanned aerial vehicle is defined, the methods and tactical methods of using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Scientific and practical recommendations are given on the procedure for recording crimes with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle regarding violations of the rules of road traffic safety or vehicle operation during the inspection of the scene of the incident. It was concluded that the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the activity of the investigator during the investigation of traffic accidents is legitimate and provides much more advantages than the use of other methods of recording, such as measuring with a manual or laser tape measure, taking photos or video recording with cameras or video cameras. The use of UAVs during the inspection of the scene of the incident significantly reduces the time of its inspection, while providing the opportunity to obtain high-quality and sufficient evidentiary material.

Configuration and multistep switching of machines in dynamic hybrid MTS/MTO production systems

This study proposes the configuration of MTS-/MTO-dedicated and hybrid (switchable) machines under a multistep switching policy where each hybrid machine can be switched stepwise and compares it to the existing model with MTS-dedicated and hybrid machines under a group switching policy that makes all hybrid machines switch together. Since companies have been required to satisfy wide varieties of customers' needs in recent years, the dynamic hybrid make-to-stock (MTS) / make-to-order (MTO) production system–one of the flexible production strategies with superior efficiency and productivity–is widely adopted in the garment industry. This system contains MTS and MTO streams in a shared facility and holds dedicated and hybrid machines that can be switched between MTS and MTO production. The machine configuration and switching policy are essential factors to increase the effectiveness of this system; hence, the features of such components must be investigated. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the cost and the number of MTO customers waiting can be reduced by appropriately setting the multistep switching policy and the machine configuration. Effective operating rules can also be achieved using our proposed search heuristics. These results contribute to the improvement of the existing dynamic hybrid system and the expansion of its possible applications.

Environmental flows in a future climate: Balancing hydropower production and ecosystem rehabilitation in the Ume River system, Sweden

Hydropower is central to renewable electricity systems, but degrades ecosystems, calling for environmental flow schemes to enhance the ecological status of river systems. Environmental flow assessments need to account for climate change, since climate-driven changes in runoff affect both hydropower operation and riverine ecosystems. Here, we quantify expected changes in hydropower production and environmental benefits of introducing environmental flows in a large regulated river system in northern Sweden in a future climate. Compared with the hydrology of 1981–2010, runoff is projected to increase with climatic conditions projected for 2040, leading to a 2.2 % increase in hydropower production with present rules for turbine and reservoir operation. Implementing environmental flows will result in lower hydropower production losses in with the 2040 climate than at present: Introducing restrictions against zero flow events, discharge to technical fishways and bypassed reaches throughout the year (with seasonal flow variation), as well as having more natural water-level variation in all run-of-river impoundments, would reduce annual hydropower production with 3.5 % with present conditions, and by 3.3 % in 2040. At the same time, the net effect of higher runoff and introducing environmental flows means that the annual hydropower production in the 2040 climate would be only 0.8 % lower compared to 1981–2010. In all scenarios, reservoir filling degree in 2040 was projected to increase compared to scenarios for 1981–2010, and flow requirements were met for both environmental flows and hydropower production over an 83-year scenario-based time series. This study demonstrates the feasibility of introducing environmental flow actions in Sweden, and other regions where increases in runoff are projected, with sustained hydropower production, having large benefits for riverine biodiversity and enhancing resilience of riverine ecosystems to climate change. For this to be successful, collaboration among stakeholders in riverine management is needed.

Study on the Tort of Misrepresentation in the Inter-bank Bond Market--Taking Case No. 1 of the Beijing Financial Court as an Example

Chinese interbank bond market dates back to June 1997, when the People's Bank of China decided to open an interbank bond trading business at the National Interbank Lending Center, which was formally established. In the following years, this market developed relatively fast, and in June 2002, the bond counter market of commercial banks began to operate, which to a certain extent made the interbank bond market, which institutional investors dominate, expand through the counter trading for all kinds of investors in the whole society.In recent years, applying direct financing tools such as corporate bond issuance has become increasingly widespread. This paper takes Beijing Financial Court Case No. 1 as an example to study in detail the important reasons for the emergence of this type of infringement, focusing on the obligations and responsibilities of each participant, including the issuer Dalian Machine Tool Group, the intermediary bank Industrial Bank, and the investor Bluestone Capital Management. This paper aims to sort out the obligations and responsibilities of each participant in the inter-bank bond market to find out the reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of misrepresentation and to explore the issues that appear to be suitable for this paper to find out the causes of misrepresentation, explore the operation rules and risk prevention measures of the interbank bond market that are suitable for China's national conditions, to solve the problems of misrepresentation, standardize the obligations and responsibilities of all parties, and promote the development of China's interbank bond market.

Flow prediction analysis of shutdown and restart for off-station pipeline based on flow assurance and energy-saving

Abstract Due to unforeseen operation errors or natural disasters, off-station pipelines may undergo emergency shutdown operations, necessitating a focus on flow assurance during the shutdown and restart process. Moreover, energy saving and emission reduction have become the focal points in the transformation of oilfield enterprises. This paper formulates a method for predicting the flow status during shutdown and restart of off-station pipelines based on the liquid conservation law, and the characteristic equations are solved by the characteristic line method. A comparative analysis is conducted on the operation rules of shutdown and restart for oil-water mixing transportation and dewatering processes under different water cuts. A typical off-station pipeline in a transfer station is selected as the case study object. The results indicate that due to the lower station heating required for the oil-water mixing transportation process, this process saves 44.3% of costs compared to the dewatering process. As the water cut increases, operation costs decrease and then increase, with the total cost of the 50% water cut scheme being the most economical. This study provides a reference for the safe operation and energy-saving management of off-station pipelines in the future.

Enhancing Networking and Linking Communities for the Conservation Practices of Natural History Collections

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake revealed that one of the reasons for the lack of effective and timely action to rescue and restore natural history collections is that the organizational laws and policies are insufficient and inapplicable under extreme circumstances. Laws and policies for collections are primarily concerned with designation and registration, preservation and management, financial assistance, government involvement and public awareness. The Cultural Property Protection System and the Act on Cultural Properties Preservation prioritized the rescue and restoration of cultural assets, both nationally and regionally, however, attention to the state of natural history collections was delayed and was primarily fueled by volunteers (Mawatari 2015). Earlier in the Meiji era (1868~1912), national emphasis on cultural assets, represented by Japanese art, contributed to the formation and spread of nationalism (Kanayama 2011). Consequently, the laws and policies in question were enacted, focusing on attaching importance to and preservervation of cultural assets. After a few attempts at national discussion on whether science specimens (in natural history collections) should be covered by the law, the problem remain unsolved. In the few cases, where natural history collections were designated by the law, the focus tended to be centered on the value to humanity. It is clear from the laws and policies that decision-makers lack an understanding of the importance of natural history collections. Further narrowing down the scope, operational rules and regulations are often based on the handling and practices of cultural history objects within the public museums, and descriptions of natural history collections are lacking in many practice guidelines for museums and textbooks on museum studies. Other than the need for better law and policy, the 2011 disaster has also left curators of natural history collections with a renewed sense of the importance of establishing theories on conservation science and other practice standards for natural history collections through networking and cooperation, not only under extreme circumstances but also for daily management and practical utility. However, the current lack of curators with expertise in natural history collections, the few chances to participate in skill-share programs, and insufficient financial and official support for pioneering research, remain challenging. To address this, it may be possible to propose methodologies and gather individuals with similar interests to deepen the debate on the importance of research and establishment of standards to give curators more chances, support and recognition to carry on conservation science research. Therefore, increasing connections within the natural history museum community is a feasible step to take in the near term. There are some actions in progress such as cross-museum collaboration to establish research projects and the skill-share projects organized by the Natural History Museum Network of Western Japan. What about the non-natural history museums and natural history collections with few or without specialized curators? The natural history curator community in Japan is small. In 2020, there were 228 museums in Japan holding biological specimens (geological and paleontology specimens were not counted in the research), fewer than half of which were assigned to natural history curators. In the natural history museums, the average number of natural history curators was 2.49; that of science museums, history museums and regional museums was less than 1, indicating that the natural history curator community is a minority in the museum sector of Japan (Fig. 1, Japanese Association of Museums 1986). Even those where there were assignments of natural history curators, the curators' specialized field may not be a perfect match with the collections, ending up with cases such as a curator of entomology having to take care of botanical specimens. In some regions, in 2020, there were only one or two natural history curators, indicating the unevenness in curator assignments across regions of Japan (Fig. 2, Japanese Association of Museums 1986). This makes it even harder to find other curators who can help when encountering problems beyond one’s expertise. All of this underlines the importance of creating a strong national network of natural history museum curators to share experiences, expertise, methodologies, and standards of care.

Some New Algebraic Method Developments in the Characterization of Matrix Equalities

Algebraic expressions and equalities can be constructed arbitrarily in a given algebraic framework according to the operational rules provided, and thus it is a prominent and necessary task in mathematics and applications to construct, classify, and characterize various simple general algebraic expressions and equalities. As an update to this prominent topic in matrix algebra, this article reviews and improves upon the well-known block matrix methodology and matrix rank methodology in the construction and characterization of matrix equalities. We present a collection of fundamental and useful formulas for calculating the ranks of a wide range of block matrices and then derive from these rank formulas various valuable consequences. In particular, we present several groups of equivalent conditions in the characterizations of the Hermitian matrix, the skew-Hermitian matrix, the normal matrix, etc.

Robust and computationally efficient design for run-of-river hydropower

This paper introduces innovative approaches for robust and computationally efficient optimal design of run-of-river hydropower plants. Compared with existing design software, it (1) integrates optimized turbine operations into design optimization instead of following predefined operational rules, and (2) combines this with a regular sampling of the flow duration curve to significantly reduce data inputs. Our rigorous benchmarking demonstrates that (1) operation optimization improves design performance at low computational cost, whilst (2) data input reduction slashes computational costs by over 92% with minimal impact on design recommendations and key robustness analysis insights. Taken together, these innovations make integrated design and operation optimization, complete with in-depth robustness analysis, laptop-accessible. They also reinforce sustainability efforts by minimizing the need for high-performance computing and large associated embodied greenhouse gas emissions.

Dynamic Fault Tree Generation and Quantitative Analysis of System Reliability for Embedded Systems Based on SysML Models.

As embedded systems become increasingly complex, traditional reliability analysis methods based on text alone are no longer adequate for meeting the requirements of rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of system reliability. This article proposes a method for automatically generating and quantitatively analyzing dynamic fault trees based on an improved system model with consideration for temporal characteristics and redundancy. Firstly, an "anti-semantic" approach is employed to automatically explore the generation of fault modes and effects analysis (FMEA) from SysML models. The evaluation results are used to promptly modify the system design to meet requirements. Secondly, the Profile extension mechanism is used to expand the SysML block definition diagram, enabling it to describe fault semantics. This is combined with SysML activity diagrams to generate dynamic fault trees using traversal algorithms. Subsequently, parametric diagrams are employed to represent the operational rules of logic gates in the fault tree. The quantitative analysis of dynamic fault trees based on probabilistic models is conducted within the internal block diagram of SysML. Finally, through the design and simulation of the power battery management system, the failure probability of the top event was obtained to be 0.11981. This verifies that the design of the battery management system meets safety requirements and demonstrates the feasibility of the method.

From single to multi‐purpose reservoir: A framework for optimizing reservoir efficiency

AbstractThe prevailing challenge centers on the limited application of single‐purpose flood control reservoirs transitioning to multi‐purpose reservoirs, which, despite their potential, often fall short in addressing the escalating demands for diverse water resource management. These challenges are compounded by outdated operational rules and changing environmental conditions. This research develops a framework to enhance the dual functionality of reservoirs, initially designed for flood control, to also support water supply through the determination of maximum safe water levels (MSWLs). Utilizing historical inflow data and reservoir simulation models, the study identifies opportunities for optimizing United States Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District reservoirs. It highlights certain reservoirs as ideal for augmenting water supply capabilities without compromising flood control performance. Others remain critical for flood management due to limited water supply potential, underscoring the importance of maintaining a focus on flood control. The findings illuminate the intricate balance required between managing flood risks and enhancing water supply, indicating that precise operational adjustments can significantly improve reservoir sustainability and efficiency. This method offers a viable pathway to convert single purpose reservoirs into multi‐purpose reservoirs, meeting growing water demands while ensuring robust flood mitigation, and making a step toward better water utilization.

DEMARCATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND PSEUDO-SCIENTIFIC ECONOMICS: IT IS NECESSARY TO REJECT THE CHREMATIST COMPONENT

The purpose of the study is to focus the attention of the economic public on the fact that the economy will be able to function effectively only when it appears completely in its pure form and gets rid of various ballast-forming components that are currently closely intertwined with it and inhibit its development. The methodology consists in the use of systemic and philosophical-humanistic approaches, logical and sensory perception of reality, as well as the use of analogies borrowed from nature and from closed technical processes that have already been built and function successfully on the basis of the universal laws of the universe. The results. The difference in the approaches of various theories to the functioning of the economy is shown. It is proven that the modern liberal economic theory is scientifically unsound, as it operates with pseudo-scientific categories such as "profit", "percent", as a result of which the economy does not work and constantly leads to all kinds of negative phenomena: crises, inflation, unemployment, etc. With the new model, there are no contradictions inherent in the modern economy and, above all, crisis phenomena. The scientific novelty is that, for the first time, scientifically based principles and rules of operation, completely different from the existing economic model, have been adopted. The negative impact on the economy of such pseudoscientific categories as "profit" and "interest" has been proven. Money should be paid only for work. All theories, schools and trends that support the receipt of "profit" and "interest" on loans are unscientific. Practical significance. A new economic structure is proposed, which will function on completely different principles - a model of a highly efficient national economy. In this model, the real economy comes to the fore, and the financial system is relegated to the background, only as a service system. The transition to the proposed macroeconomic model will allow many times to improve the functioning of the economic system in the interests of the entire society, which will very quickly be reflected in the increase in the well-being of all citizens and the state.

Adaptive Operating Rules for Flood Control of a Multi-Purpose Reservoir

Almost all multipurpose reservoirs in Romania were put into operation 30–50 years ago or even earlier. Meanwhile, a large volume of hydrologic data has been collected, and the initial design flood should be reconsidered. Consequently, the operating rules of flow control structures (bottom gates and weir gates) should be re-examined, mainly for medium and low-frequency floods. The design flood is not unique, being characterized by different shapes and time to peak, which has consequences for flood mitigation rules. Identifying the critical design flood is an important preliminary step, although it is usually neglected in flood management. Simulating the operation of the Stânca–Costești reservoir on the Prut River, it was found that the design flood corresponding to the maximum value of the compactness coefficient is the most difficult to mitigate considering the specific conditions of the dam and the reservoir: the prescribed conservation level in the reservoir, and the design flood volume of medium and rare floods that far exceeds the flood control volume. These conditions can jeopardize both dam safety and downstream flood protection. The main steps of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) developing the hydraulic model; (2) statistical processing of the registered floods and defining critical design floods for different AEPs (Annual Exceedance Probabilities); (3) deriving optimal operation rules based on a simulation-optimization model; (4) implementing real-time adaptive operation of the mechanical outlets; and (5) critically assessing the operating rules after the event. Based on the hydrological forecast, if necessary, new outlets are put into operation while keeping the ones already activated. Based on the hydrological forecast and properly operated, the safety of the Stânca–Costești dam is guaranteed even in the event of a 0.1% CC (Climate Change) flood. However, for floods greater than 1% magnitude, the carrying capacity of the downstream riverbed is exceeded. The main gaps addressed in this paper are the following: (1) the establishment of critical design floods, and (2) the adaptive operating rules of outlet devices aimed at optimizing flood control results, using short-term flood forecasts.

Perfect Monomial Prediction for Modular Addition

Modular addition is often the most complex component of typical Addition- Rotation-XOR (ARX) ciphers, and the division property is the most effective tool for detecting integral distinguishers. Thus, having a precise division property model for modular addition is crucial in the search for integral distinguishers in ARX ciphers. Current division property models for modular addition either (a) express the operation as a Boolean circuit and apply standard propagation rules for basic operations (COPY, XOR, AND), or (b) treat it as a sequence of smaller functions with carry bits, modeling each function individually. Both approaches were originally proposed for the twosubset bit-based division property (2BDP), which is theoretically imprecise and may overlook some balanced bits.Recently, more precise versions of the division property, such as parity sets, threesubset bit-based division property without unknown subsets (3BDPwoU) or monomial prediction (MP), and algebraic transition matrices have been proposed. However, little attention has been given to modular addition within these precise models.The propagation rule for the precise division property of a vectorial Boolean function f requires that u can propagate to v if and only if the monomial πu(x) appears in πv(f). Braeken and Semaev (FSE 2005) studied the algebraic structure of modular addition and showed that for x ⊞ y = z, the monomial πu(x)πv(y) appears in πw(z) if and only if u + v = w. Their theorem directly leads to a precise division property model for modular addition. Surprisingly, this model has not been applied in division property searches, to the best of our knowledge.In this paper, we apply Braeken and Semaev’s theorem to search for integral distinguishers in ARX ciphers, leading to several new results. First, we improve the state-of-the-art integral distinguishers for all variants of the Speck family, significantly enhancing search efficiency for Speck-32/48/64/96 and detecting new integral distinguishers for Speck-48/64/96/128. Second, we determine the exact degrees of output bits for 7-round Speck-32 and all/16/2 output bits for 2/3/4-round Alzette for the first time. Third, we revisit the choice of rotation parameters in Speck instances, providing a criterion that enhances resistance against integral distinguishers. Additionally, we offer a simpler proof for Braeken and Semaev’s theorem using monomial prediction, demonstrating the potential of division property methods in the study of Boolean functions.We hope that the proposed methods will be valuable in the future design of ARX ciphers.

Climate change impact on hydropower generation and adaptation through reservoir operation in a Himalayan river, Tamor

ABSTRACT Integrated assessment of climate change impact and water resource development scenario is crucial for planning and management. In the Himalayan river basin, it is of utmost importance considering the vulnerability to climate change and the pace of water resource development. This study focused on Tamor river basin (TRB), investigating the impacts of climate change on the energy generation from hydropower projects and analyzes the adaptation through reservoir operation. Analyzing the three run-of-river (RoR) hydropower projects and a storage project, this study projects future energy generation. Results showed that RoR is highly susceptible to the impacts, demonstrated by significant reduction during pre-monsoon up to -53% and increment at annual scale up to 28%. In Tamor storage project, the particle-swarm optimization approach generated operational strategies according to altered streamflow conditions. This resulted in adaptation to the projected decrease in March-June flow through flexible operation rules, yielding positive impact on energy generation (up to +7.3% on an annual scale). The new set of rules will adapt to the flow deficit and increase the dry season flow downstream, almost by double than the historical baseline. This research highlights the significance of reservoir project and its optimized operation in effectively managing water under changing climate.

Real-time integrated water availability – Salt intrusion modelling and management during droughts

Climate change and population increase are major challenges when guaranteeing a sustainable water supply in densely populated river basins worldwide, where different water users such as industry, drinking water production and agriculture typically come into conflict. During dry periods, real time monitoring and short term forecasting of the water availability are crucial to prepare and take appropriate action. Integrated water quantity and water quality models of complex surface water systems are indispensable to achieve this. However, existing model techniques often focus on a single aspect of the water system, are computationally too demanding and are hard to integrate with other sub models. This paper proposes a framework for developing efficient, integrated water quantity/quality models in support of real-time management and forecasting of complex surface water systems. Its three main components are: a low-flow prediction for the supplying river(s) during dry periods, a conceptual water quantity-quality model with semi-automated retrieval of necessary boundary conditions and input data, and classification models to predict the water quality state of the considered system during forecasts or scenario analyses. The novelty of the methodology lies in the use of parsimonious, computationally efficient sub-models that still allow to consider numerous operational rules, competing water users and water supply and quality constraints. The framework was tested in the context of water availability and salt intrusion management during droughts in the Campine Canals in the Scheldt-Meuse-Rhine delta, considering boundary conditions of shipping traffic, pumping at locks, hydropower stations, level regulation, and water abstractions for drinking water supply, industry, agriculture and nature reserves. Despite the complexity of the considered system, the model is able to describe the state of the water system in terms of water levels, discharges and salt intrusion impacts on water production with an acceptable accuracy. The research shows that the Campine Canal network is susceptible to water scarcity due to the increased risk of low flows in summer as a consequence of climate change. Local decision makers should adopt both effective adaptation strategies as well as real-time forecasts in acute drought situations to increase the region’s defence and resiliency against water shortages.

Wiki communities’ management tools in conditions of digitization

The rise of local and global challenges (such as COVID-19, wars, natural disasters, etc.) requires advanced communication and information technologies to support economic development. The study aims to form a theoretical basis and practical tools for creating and functioning of wiki communities. Wiki communities are a new form of social association based on Internet communications of socio-economic subjects (individuals and organizations), in which each participant has equal rights to receive information, exchange opinions, and generate solutions. The theoretical basis involves substantiating the key principles on which wiki communities are formed, e.g., decentralization, openness, peering, sharing, and mass nature of activity. Wiki communities are represented by a set of specific types, such as professional, academic and research, custom, creative, public and non-commercial communities. The specific managing activities of wiki communities are described by several classification levels, such as operational activities, ensuring security, quality assurance, and motivation. The wiki community management toolkit includes a goal-setting algorithm, decision-making procedures, communications, rules of operation, typical tasks, areas of application, the operation and development cycle, and functional capabilities. It allows effective transfer of information, communication in real-time, and mutually enriching each other in forming knowledge and innovation. AcknowledgmentThe publication was prepared in the framework of the research project “Restructuring of the national economy in the direction of digital transformations for sustainable development” (№0122U001232) from National Research Foundation.