Islamic Rules Research Articles

Pengembangan Muhammdiyah dalam Membangun Moderasi Beragama di Kabupaten Karo Sumatera Utara

This research aims to determine the development of Muhammadiyah in building religious moderation in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The aim of this research is to find out the extent to which Muhammadiyah residents understand Religious Moderation and the views of Muhammadiyah Karo Regency regarding Religious Moderation. This research method uses a qualitative approach. By using data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The informants in this research were the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership of Karo Regency, the Muhammadiyah Autonomous Organization, and Sympathizers. The results of the research show that Religious Moderation does not understand Muhammadiyah residents due to a lack of knowledge except for Muhammadiyah Regional Leaders or Ortoms in Karo Regency. The Muhammadiyah community and sympathizers think that they don't know what Religious Moderation is, but in carrying out social activities they respect each other's differences as long as they don't violate Islamic rules.

The Cultural and Historical links between Turks and Afghans in the First Era of Islam

Though Turks and Afghans are located far off geographically yet it may not be perceived as a marker of friction between the two nations. The Islamic history in the middle Ages reveal that Islam has spread in the Turkish and Afghan regions amongst the indigenous tribes heralded a marked cultural and linguistic influence in the cited regions. The Turks' contact with the Islamic world started in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty reaching out to the western regions of the "Bab" region adjacent to Turkish territory in 22 AH. This contact resulted in the spread of Islam amongst the Turks and their men took part as part of Muslim army leading to propagation of Islam. Moreover, In the Abbasid era, the number of Turks assuming leadership positions had increased in the Muslim state. This contact sustained in the Islamic world to the East in the Turkish areas after the Muslims crossed the JIHUN River (Amu Darya) in 31 AH under the leadership of QUTAYBA Ibn Muslim. Thus Islam spread among the Turk Tribes under the rule of the SAMANI Governors where they spearheaded the extension of Muslim influence to Tirmiz, Bukhara, Samarkand and other Central Asian countries due to the simplicity of Islam. As for the Afghans' contact with Islam in the West, it began in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyads eversince Herat was conquered in the year 23 AH; Jawzjan, Balkh and Takhar in the year 32 AH by Al-Ahnaf bin Qais from northern Afghanistan; Zabul in the year 43 AH and Kabul in 44 AH by Abd al-Rahman bin Samra. However the eastern areas of Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, although Islam reached there in the first century, did not enter the Islamic rule. They remained either under the tribal control or were ruled by the Indian kings until the Ghaznavids took over through Prince Subuktagin in Ghazni in the last decade of the 4th century.There has remained direct contact between the Turks and Afghans after the displacement of the Turkish tribes to the Gazani state in the south of the Jihun River.The state sovereignty of the Turkish majority was due to their leadership positions and a large part of the military formation included the Turks and Afghans. Hence the two nations lived with a clear linguistic and cultural influence with hundreds of basic words in common as for instance the Turkish names for Afghan men and women and dozens of Turkish names for villages and cities. There are even common tribal traditions and customs between the two peoples. This research addresses the historically direct contact between the Turkish and Afghan tribes with cultural and social impact between the Turks and Afghans.

The Impact of Islamic Laws on Food Security and Agricultural Development Using Quranic Verses and Hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH)

This article examines the impact of Islamic laws on food security and agricultural development through the use of Quranic verses and the hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH). Food security and agricultural development are critical issues in Islamic societies, where Islamic laws and rulings play a significant role in their improvement. In this study, the concept of food security is first reviewed from the perspectives of international organizations and Islam, followed by an explanation of the importance of agriculture in Islamic teachings, with an emphasis on Quranic verses and the hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH). Additionally, Islamic jurisprudential laws related to agriculture, such as the revival of barren lands and the role of zakat and khums in agricultural development, are discussed. The practical effects of Islamic laws on food security and agriculture are further analyzed by examining successful examples in Islamic countries and reviewing successful policies in this area. Finally, the challenges faced by Islamic societies in the fields of agriculture and food security, as well as practical solutions to improve the current situation, are presented. The findings of this study demonstrate that Islamic laws can play an important role in improving food security and agricultural development, and continued research in this field can contribute to the formulation of more comprehensive and effective policies.

UNDERSTANDING ISLAMIC SYMBOLS IN RAMADHAN SPECIAL ADVERTISEMENTS: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Verbal symbols use both spoken and written language. In contrast, non-verbal symbols can include pictures, clothing, smiling faces, and movements and strategies that advertisers use to manipulate and influence their customers. This research uses qualitative methods, while this type uses Teun Van Dijk's media representation approach and discourse analysis. The discourse embedded in television advertising has a significant influence on its audience. The results show that advertisers promote their products and highlight people's cultural and religious values. This emphasis on Islamic rules is reflected in Muslim women's clothing styles, lifestyles, and how TV advertising has shaped ideology in social practices in Indonesia.

Living Economy: Relevansi Fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Online Shop dalam Etika Bisnis Seller E-commerce pada Aplikasi TikTok

<p><em>This study discusses e-commerce business ethics that realize business continuity, but there are problems between buyers and sellers not meeting face to face which can harm consumers. Therefore, the importance of the trust of both parties is an absolute requirement in buying and selling online. This is implementing business ethics based on the provisions of Islamic law and the presence of maqashid sharia and the DSN-MUI Fatwa regarding online shops. This study aims to analyze the application of the DSN-MUI Fatwa regarding online shops that pay attention to TikTok e-commerce business ethics. This research method is a normative research using maqashid sharia theory by </em><em>Wahbah Zuhaili</em><em>. The results of the study, that the authors argue find the relevance of e-commerce that is aligned with the DSN-MUI Fatwa regarding online shops as Islamic legal rules that maintain trust in sellers and buyers in the continuity of business ethics, such as the findings of fathanah ethics (professional), amanah (trusted), shiddiq (honest), and tabligh (transparent). Thus, the implications of TikTok e-commerce contribute to maintaining the stability of the continuity of seller's business ethics for the people's economy.</em></p>

Empowering Teachers in The Genital Childhood Health

Abstract. The age of early childhood education (ECE) students are 2-6 years old. They have the period when students enter the learning period for toilet training well. The ECE teachers and parents have a role in collaborating in toilet training so that children can urinate and defecate correctly and follow Islamic rules. Community service activities aimed at increasing the knowledge and skills of ECEP Aisyiyah teachers in Ngaglik. The activity is implemented in the form of lectures, discussions, and practices, as well as the distribution of handkerchiefs to dry the genital area after the child urinates or defecates. In this community service activity, we have distributed medicine packets for the first treatment of sick children at school. Evaluation at the end of the activity showed that there was an increase in knowledge of 15%.

IMF Financing, Pakistan's Economic Growth, and Islam

The International Monetary Fund acts as the ultimate source of financial assistance for all nations. Since 1958, Pakistan has regularly availed of IMF loans. However, its economic status has not advanced sufficiently enough to be classified as one of the industrialised nations. The study seeks to analyse the influence of an IMF loan on Pakistan's economic progress. The study intends to investigate the influence of IMF loans on the improvement of socio-economic dynamics in Pakistan. The study seeks to ascertain if IMF interest-based funding enhances or impedes the development of Pakistan's economy. Qualitative research methodology is used subjectively to develop a conceptual framework using an inductive paradigm. IMF loans to Pakistan are thought to have impeded economic progress and worsened the plight of economically disadvantaged individuals by undermining their rights to health, food, and quality of life. The loans are interest-based, which goes against Islamic Shariah rules and the country's Islamic identity. Pakistan faces particular costs in obtaining IMF loan funding with interest.

Analisis Penyelesaian Kredit Macet di PNPM-Mandiri: Studi di Desa Mersam, Provinsi Jambi

Bad credit is a condition where the customer or debtor is unable to pay his debts at a predetermined time as promised at the beginning of the credit agreement. The problem that occurs is where the disbursed PNPM funds should be used for productive loans or business capital. However, in reality in Mersam Village, Kab. Batanghari Province. Jambi PNPM funds are used by some people for personal needs, causing bad credit, where customers are unable to pay installment payments every month because the funds borrowed are only used for personal needs. This study aims to find out: 1) How to settle bad loans at PNPM Mersam Village, Kab. Batanghari Province. Jambi; 2) How is the settlement of bad loans at PNPM Desa Mersam Kab. Batanghari Province. Jambi from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. This research is a qualitative research type of empirical legal approach, the types and sources of data used are primary and secondary data. The collection of data used is interviews and documentation. Based on the research conducted, the results of the interviews and the conclusion were obtained that the resolution of bad loans was carried out by PNPM by means of family deliberations and giving an extension of time (rescheduling). In terms of Sharia Economic Law, efforts to settle bad loans in Mersam Village are not contrary to Islamic law, but instead they carry out Islamic law rules in dealing with bad loans that occur in Mersam Village.

Legal and Regulatory Frameworks For Sharī’a Governance Practices in the Islamic Banking Industry of Bangladesh

This paper aims to explore the regulatory arrangements for sharī’a governance practices in the Islamic banking industry of Bangladesh and to identify the issues and challenges faced in this regard. Despite notable advancements, the necessity for a more robust regulatory framework, separate from the modified Banking Companies Act of 1991, which currently integrates Islamic banking regulations, remains apparent. A conspicuous challenge lies in the lack of a dedicated department within Bangladesh Bank responsible for overseeing Islamic banking activities. The article suggests an independent government-supervised Sharī’a board. This study enhances Bangladesh's Islamic banking regulation and promotes an understanding of sharī’a governance. The research is based on the review of existing literature but lacks empirical evidence. It has been stated in previous studies that a survey method can be used to examine real scenarios. This paper discusses the effectiveness of the Islamic Law Rules in the current practices of Islamic banks in Bangladesh, shedding light on their deficiencies.

Konsep Pendidikan Al-Qur’an Dalam Membentuk Masyarakat Islami (Al-Mujtama’ Al-Islami)

Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world does not necessarily make it an Islamic society (Al-Mujtama' al Islami). This is because the living system that oversees it is not an Islamic system or rule. Secularism and capitalism are still the spirit in making various laws and regulations. So that the feelings and thoughts that are born and appear are liberal feelings and thoughts. The purpose of this study is to find the concept of Al-Quran education Surah An-Nahl verse 112 in shaping Islamic society. With the literature study method, researchers found the foundation of this education is Islam. The goal is to form a society that obeys, hastens and accepts Islamic law in total. So that the security and prosperity of Islam are bestowed by Allah for them. This goal must be supported by the application of Islamic law by the state, unity based on Islamic aqidah, enforcement of amar ma'ruf nahyi munkar and legal sanctions that make deterrent and atone for sins.

The Role of Religion for Women in the Process of Educating Children

One of the boldest changes that has happened in the Jahiliyah dan Islamiyah is the shifting values of the women. At first, women hold no values in the society and Islam changed it into the opposite. Aside from women contribution in the Islamic heritage after that. The true role of a women is to be a mother that educate their children in an Islamic way. Understanding Islam is important for a woman due to Islam has changed their values in the society and then their well-understood of Islam will affect their children like how Islam did to them. By using a normative approach, namely literature research, it can be concluded that mothers have an important role in training children to understand religion in order to prepare children for the future world. The rules of Islam from the past are absolute based on the Qur'an and Hadith have not changed since then. When women correctly understand the Islamic parenting, then the purpose of Islamic education contained in Surat At-Tahrim (66) verse 6 and Surat Luqman (31) verses 12-19 "To save children from the deviation of their nature, To make children believe in Allah SWT, Keeping children away from shirk., Making children obedient to worship Allah SWT, Forming children with noble morals., Forming children with a patient and trustworthy soul and Forming children with a social-community spirit” are achieved.

Cihatçı Gruplar Arasındaki İdeolojik ve Metodolojik Benzerlikler ve Farklılıklar: Taliban, El-Kaide ve IŞİD

The Taliban's seizure of power in Afghanistan has generally pleased jihadist groups around the world. The Islamic Emirate was re-established in Afghanistan by the Taliban after the end of the 20-year US occupation when the last US soldier left Kabul on August 30th, 2021. That was seen as a complete "victory" day for many Sunni Jihadist groups around the world. However, it is feared that the Taliban's success will usher in a new era of jihadism in the Middle East and Central Asia. It is feared that more radical organizations inspired by the Taliban will rise against the existing governments in these regions, overthrow them, and rule these countries in line with their ideology. It is also feared that jihadist groups will seek to come to the fore with large-scale global attacks, with al-Qaeda and ISIS affiliates expected to pose the biggest threat in this regard. This is because while the Taliban has a regional influence as a structure with territorial sovereignty over Afghanistan and its surroundings, Al-Qaeda and ISIS have defined their sphere of influence on a global scale, and thus have defined their area of struggle as the whole world. However, other sub-jihadist organizations affiliated with these two organizations, which operate regionally, can act on a country and regional basis. Although these groups have weakened in recent years, they are still active. In general, what all three organizations have in common is that they adopt a strict interpretation of Sunni Islam. Accordingly, these organizations, which believe that Islam has moved away from its essence and principles of faith, want Islam to be lived as it was when it first emerged and to interpret Islamic rules purely without adapting them to today's conditions. In other words, they aim to implement a political, economic, and social order based on Islamic rules and principles and want pure Islam to be practiced in all areas of life. They claim that the salvation of humanity can only be achieved by making Islam dominant in all areas of life and that man-made ideologies cause inequality and injustice among people. For this reason, all three organizations believe that social and political life cannot be separated from religious issues and therefore justify using violence for the sake of faith. This is also an essential duty for “true Muslims”. On the other hand, these organizations have a negative belief that those who do not fight for this purpose are “bad Muslims”. In other words, all three organizations see taking over political life as necessary to achieve Islamic life or to make the rules of Islam prevail. On the other hand, these three organizations differ in terms of ideology and methodology to achieve this goal. This study systematically examines the ideological and methodological similarities and differences of these three jihadist organizations and how they differ from each other.

TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PRAKTIK JASA WALI NIKAH SIRRI DI BEKASI

Marriage is a sacred ritual that religious and state laws must legalize. Most people want marriage to be a joyous occasion and a way to publicize their status as husband and wife. However, some people keep their marriages secret. In general, Nikah Sirri celebrates a marriage according to Islamic religious rules. However, many things prevent it from being legally recorded by the authorities, in this case, the government, represented by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This research aims to investigate providers of marriage guardian services in siri marriages that have developed in the community through social media. One of these providers can be found on the website ustadz.my.id/jasa-nikah-siri-bekasi, which offers various services related to siri marriages. This research uses qualitative methods and is centered on empirical research. This research uses a socio-legal approach, a broad social science methodological approach. as the Wali Nikah in Sirri Nikah Services. This study conducted the data collection method in two stages: observation and documentation. The study found that because there is an element of gharar or uncertainty, the practice of providing a marriage guardian in a sirri marriage through a website whose address is ustadz.my.id/jasa-nikah-siri-bekasi is not justified by Islamic legal review. Thus, this element of gharar hinders the practice of providing marriage guardians in sirri marriages. This is in line with the prohibition of the prophet Muhammad to avoid buying and selling gharar.

Sejarah Dan Dampak Perang Tabuk: Analisis Mendalam Terhadap Konflik Perbatasan Dalam Perspektif Sejarah Dan Kemanusiaan

The purpose of this research is to find out the History and Impact of the Tabuk War: An In-depth Analysis of the Border Conflict in Historical and Humanitarian Perspective. The Battle of Tabuk marked a monumental event in Islamic history in 630 AD. The research approach in this Literature Review study is one type of qualitative research method in which research is conducted in libraries through the collection of books, documents, archives, and other types. This war had a significant impact in Islamic history, both in terms of politics and military. The impacts include strengthening the position of Islam in Arabia, increasing the autonomy of Arab tribes, and asserting Islamic rule over the surrounding territories. In humanitarian terms, the war also demonstrated the importance of diplomacy in resolving conflicts, and provided lessons on the importance of peace and justice in relations between nations.

Cyberfeminism in Iran

Modern Iranian women face completely new challenges in the "Information Age" (Castells). The growing development of information technologies has opened up a wide area for female activists both internationally and regionally. This is the era where they can create a completely new identity through the influence of modern technology with the synthesis of tradition and modernity as a mean of struggle against religious dogmas and defending women’s rights. The nascent stages of Iranian Cyberfeminism are traceable to the early 2000s, with the inception of women-oriented websites such as "Zanan-e Iran" in 2000 and the establishment of the first feminist website, "Trubun-e Zanan," in 2002 under the auspices of the Women Cultural Centre. In the history of Iranian cyberfeminism, the most flexible and relaxed period coincides with the presidency of the relatively liberal Hassan Rouhani. However, questions persisted regarding the mobilization and unification of masses online in a country where the Internet and social networks faced periodic, varying levels of censorship to mitigate perceived Western influences. The events surrounding the death of Mahsa Amini in 2022 altered the Iranian socio-political landscape, catalyzing large-scale protests and prompting a reevaluation of cyberfeminist efficacy in the physical realm. The mass protests of 2022-23 significantly reduced internet censorship in Iran, challenging the conventional notion of cyberfeminism. But as Mehrangiz Kar, the human rights defender and activist, says: “Iran is a paradoxical country. It creates roles under the veil of dictatorship and then suddenly appears on a big stage.” To conclude, Iran stands out in the Middle East with a rich history of women's movements that have evolved authentically from secular feminism to Islamic feminism and, more recently, cyberfeminism. The Iranian interpretation of cyberfeminism deviates from Western norms, representing a symbolic demand for freedom from compulsory hijab and an assertion of women's equality under Islamic dictatorial rule. The future trajectory of cyberfeminism in Iran and its potential impact remain contingent upon ongoing developments and the dynamic socio-political landscape.

COMPARISON OF SHARIA BUSINESS LAW OPINIONS ON FINE SANCTIONS FOR LATE PAYMENT OF INSTALLMENTS IN SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Islamic Financial Institutions are financial institutions whose operations are based on Sharia principles or Islamic legal rules in the financial transactions that are carried out. Closely to conventional financial institutions, fines for late payment of installments by customers are also applied by Islamic financial institutions whose legality refers to the DSN-MUI fatwa on sanctions against capable customers who delay payments. The issue of fines eventually creates problems and debates on its legality and relevance to sharia principles. This research aimed to compare sharia business law opinions on issues of fines for late installment payments at Islamic financial institutions. The research method employed was normative legal research with a comparative approach. The research results revealed the difference of opinions on the existence and legal status of these fines in Islamic financial institutions. Leastwise, there are two legal opinions: (1) it is permissible on condition that fines are only given to capable customers who delay payments (under specific criteria, not absolute permissibility) and that fines must be designated as social funds. Meanwhile, (2) disapproving opinion to assume that this fine is similar to usury; hence, it is forbidden.

The Conditioning of Islam in Matters of personal status between Islamic Fiqh and Jordanian Personal Status Law No. (15) for 2019

The study sheds light on the requirement of Islamic adherence in personal status matters, given its significance in various aspects. It addresses the matter of the requirement of Islam and its impact on personal status issues by examining the extent of compatibility between Jordanian Personal Status Law No. 15 of 2019 and Islamic jurisprudential rulings regarding the requirement of Islam. The study concludes that there is alignment between the provisions of Jordanian Personal Status Law under study and Islamic jurisprudential rulings concerning the requirement of Islam, although there are differences in opinion regarding this requirement in the case of ruling (judgment) and guardianship. The study recommends that the Jordanian legislator should take these considerations into account to impart a legitimate character to all the provisions of the law under examination.

Ruling on the Sale of Dried Fruits in their Origin and its Contemporary Applications (Comparative doctrinal study)

This study aims to clarify the Islamic legal rulings related to the sale of dried fruits such as dates, raisins, dried figs, and other foods that are dried, originating from items like dates, grapes, figs, or others. It also addresses the sale of grapes for grapes, figs for figs, dates for dates, and similar exchanges of moist foods of the same type. This is done by specifying the primary principle governing these issues, which is the consideration of the genus of the sold item in light of its original source. The study also discusses the legal judgment regarding the sale of dried foods in their original state and the sale of moist foods for their equivalent, along with presenting some contemporary applications falling under these issues. This is achieved through the use of inductive, analytical, and deductive methodologies. The study concludes that it is impermissible to sell dried foods in their original state because these goods are considered part of the same genus as their original source, and there is no possibility of equivalence between these branches and their origins. However, it is permissible to sell moist foods for their equivalent because equivalence can be established among these categories.

Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence with Islamic Values - A Thoughtful Analysis of Religious, Social, and Economic Impacts of Technological Advancements

The research explored the integration of AI technologies with Islamic principles and their implications for religious, social, and economic structures in Muslim-majority countries. It used qualitative design, semi-structured interviews, and case studies to analyze digitization of the Holy Qur’an and Hadith, and AI in banking compliance with Shariah laws, focusing on lexical-semantic, syntactical, grammatical, and pragmatic issues. A few of the such AI-based Qur’an tools include KSU Qur’an (مشروع المصحف الإلكتروني بجامعة الملك سعود), Islam web, Qur’anic Arabic Corpus, Almonagib alQur’any (المنقب القرآني), Tanzil (Tanzil Documents), The Qur’an (Al-Qur’an (القرآن) - Online Qur’an Project - Translation and Tafsir) and the Noble Qur’an (The Noble Qur’an – القرآن الكريم). Islamic Fintech, which adheres to Shariah principles, is embracing innovation to streamline transactions and comply with the Holy Qur’an. AI virtual assistants like ‘Aisyah’ are being adopted by Islamic banks to streamline transactions and eliminate risks like leverage and uneven maturity. The regulatory management of Islamic FinTech includes issues like Islamic cryptocurrency rules, money creation, and eliminating ‘riba’. In Malaysia and Indonesia, digital zakat distribution and classification systems are being developed using AI to accurately classify those in need and compute financial percentages for each group. Thematic analysis revealed that human-inspired, analytical, and humanized AI has led to its significant impact on various aspects of life, society, and employment. Nonetheless, AI cannot substitute for the profound comprehension and knowledge of Islamic jurists, alongside human reasoning and intellectual competence. Job displacement and ethical concerns of accuracy, transparency, fairness, and accountability remain significant challenges for society.

Religious Moderation in Constantinople in the Resolution of Political Conflicts in the 14th Century

The Islamic conquest of Constantinople in the 14th century is a captivating historical episode in history that continues to intrigue historians. It stands out due to the involvement of two major world religions - Islam and Christianity. Furthermore, this conquest marked the end of the Roman civilization. One notable aspect of this conquest was the harmonious relationship between Muslims and Christians, which persisted before and after the event. This study aims to explore the implementation of religious moderation in Constantinople to resolve political conflicts. Adopting a historical methodology, the research collects data through extensive documentation and literature studies, employing a socio-political approach. The findings highlight that religious moderation played a crucial role in conflict resolution during the 14th century in Constantinople. The concept of religious moderation was not only applied before the conquest, but also after it. Before the conquest, the value of moderation was demonstrated through peaceful negotiations between the Islamic kingdom and the Catholic prelate in Rome. Several treaties were agreed upon, emphasizing the importance of faith and peaceful dialogue over resorting to military confrontation. Following the conquest, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih exemplified religious moderation by engaging in negotiations with the inhabitants of Hagia Sophia. They agreed an agreement allowing Christians to continue practicing their faith despite being under Islamic rule. Additionally, al-Fatih displayed respectful treatment towards the prelate and Christian warlords, further exemplifying the value of moderation. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of religious moderation in resolving conflicts and offer a fascinating insight into the history of Constantinople during this period