Inspection Rules Research Articles

Evolution of methods of state management of technical condition of vehicles in Russia

As you know, the new Rules for the technical inspection of vehicles have recently been approved. They should enter into force on March 1, 2021, but due to the pandemic, the dates for the start of the reform in the field of vehicle inspection were postponed. In this regard, it will probably be interesting for our readers to get acquainted with the history of state policy in the field of road safety. Keywords road traffic accident, state policy; road safety; vehicle; technical inspection rules; examination committee; State traffic inspectorate; technical diagnostics of the vehicle

Enabling Secure and Versatile Packet Inspection With Probable Cause Privacy for Outsourced Middlebox

Middlebox is an intermediary network equipment which can be outsourced to remote cloud servers for low-cost and customizable network services, such as load balancer and intrusion detection. A fundamental function of the middlebox is packet inspection, where both the packet header and payload are extracted and analyzed based on inspection rules. However, as the packet may contain sensitive individual or organizational information, it may raise severe privacy concerns without proper countermeasures. In this article, we propose a secure and versatile packet inspection scheme for outsourced middlebox. The proposed scheme builds upon two non-collusion cloud servers, where the first server conducts the inspection task over the ciphertext domain and the second reveal the inspection results. By doing so, the proposed scheme achieves versatile inspection functionalities: range-query-based header inspection and token-based payload inspection, while preserving the privacy of packet header, payload, and inspection rules. Moreover, we identify and address two challenging issues in the state-of-the-art literatures. First, we tailor the design of mis-operation resistant searchable homomorphic encryption (MR-SHE) and somewhat homomorphic encryption in the two-server model, to resist <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offline dictionary attack on payload headers</i> . Second, we propose a key management mechanism with compelled access for the middlebox, to achieve <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fine-grained probable cause privacy</i> . We also conduct extensive experiments and compare the results with existing schemes to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

QUALITY INSPECTION OF SATELLITE IMAGERY BLOCK ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT GCP

Abstract. The current status of insufficient research on production technology and quality inspection methods for uncontrolled mapping of block adjustment results for global project. This paper proposes a set of quality inspection process and technical methods for large-scale production, lack of field checkpoints and difficult to verify in the field based on the analysis of the characteristics of the results: First, analyze the quality elements and inspection contents to be inspected, determine the inspection methods for different inspection contents; Then, extract items that can be automatically checked or need to be verified the production process data, establish inspection rules, implement batch automatic inspection and production data verification for some check items; study the inspection methods for the remaining items and implement human-computer interaction check. Finally, 4 test-fields were checked and the results showed that the technical route proposed in this paper is feasible, and the quality evaluation results are objective and reliable.

FASCIOLOSIS OF CATTLE IN THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Fasciolosis is a helminthozoonotic disease that affects mammals of many species, domestic, wild ruminants and humans. The following species of fasciolae are known: Fasciola hepatica (L., 1758); F. gigantica (Cobbold, 1885); F. jacksoni (Cobbold, 1869); F. halli (Sinitsin, 1933); F. californica (Sinitsin, 1933); F. indica (Warma, 1953). In Russia in ruminants only two species were found: Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Fasciolosis occurs in many countries world-wide and in Russia also. It causes significant economic losses in Russia and has social importance also. Regional aspect of the disease is not sufficiently studied, which became the aim of our study. The aim of the present study: was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolae infection in the cattle in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary examination aimed to detect fasciolae in the liver of the cattle was conducted accordingly to «Pravila veterinarnogo osmotra uboynykh zhivotnykhi veterinarno-sanitarnoy ekspertizy myasa i myasnykh produktov» (17.06.1988) (Rules of veterinary inspection slaughtered animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products). The examinations were performed in 2016 at abattoirs in Balashikha district of the Moscow region. The results of examination of the livers from 250 slaughtered cattle from the Ryazan region, 59 slaughtered cattle from the Voronezh region, 96 slaughtered cattle from the Tula region, 157 from the Smolensk region are as follows: the slaughtered cattle in the Ryazan region were infected with F. hepatica (50 livers out of 250) with an infestation extensity (IE) = 20%, with an infestation intensity II = 9–112 ex/head, the cattle in the Voronezh Region was infected with F. hepatica (12 out of 59) with an infestation extensity (IE) = 20.3%, with an infestation intensity (II) = 5–93 ex/head, the slaughtered cattle from the Tula region were infected with F. hepatica (21 out of 96) with an IE = 21.9%, with an II = 12–117 ex/head, and the cattle from the Smolensk region were infected with F. hepatica (43 livers out of 157) with an IE =2 7.3%, with an II = 21–129 ex/head. The results of the study show that in the Ryazan, Voronezh, Tula and Smolensk Regions disease prevention measures need to be taken by farmers and managers of livestock farms to reduce the impact of the disease.

Privacy-Preserving Efficient Verifiable Deep Packet Inspection for Cloud-Assisted Middlebox

With the increasing traffic volume, enterprises choose to outsource their middlebox services, such as deep packet inspection, to the cloud to acquire rich computational and communication resources. However, since the traffic is redirected to the public cloud, information leakages, such as packet payload and inspection rules, arouse privacy concerns of both middlebox owner and packet senders. To address the concerns, we propose an efficient verifiable deep packet inspection (EV-DPI) scheme with strong privacy guarantees. Specifically, a two-layer architecture is designed and deployed over two non-collusion cloud servers. The first layer fast filters out most of legitimate packets and the second layer supports exact rule matching. During the inspection, the privacy of packet payload and the confidentiality of inspection rules are well preserved. To improve the efficiency, only fast symmetric crypto-systems, such as hash functions, are used. Moreover, the proposed scheme allows the network administrator to verify the execution results, which offers a strong control of outsourced services. To validate the performance of the proposed EV-DPI scheme, we conduct extensive experiments on the Amazon Cloud. Large-scale dataset (millions of packets) is tested to obtain the key performance metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that EV-DPI not only preserves the packet privacy, but also achieves high packet inspection efficiency.

Discussion of Qingfengling Small Hydropower Monitoring Training Base Construction

Qingfengling Small Hydropower Training Base is a base under planning and construction of Sichuan Electric Power Company. The training is based on the relevant requirements of Technical Specification for Concrete Dam Safety Monitoring (DL/T5178-2003), Technical Specification for Earth-Rockfill Dam Safety Monitoring (SL 551-2011) and Technical Specification for Dam Safety Monitoring Automation (DL/T5211-2005) as well as the guidance of some laws and regulations such as Detailed Rules for Dam Safety Inspection of Hydropower Station and Regulations on the Safety Management of Reservoir and Dam. Combining the practice teaching characteristics of hydraulic instrument observation and drawing on the actual monitoring experience of Baozhusi Hydropower Station and Gongzui Hydropower Station, the content of the monitoring training is mainly divided into three parts: field inspection, instrument monitoring, and the collation, compilation and analysis of monitoring data. Combined with the three simulated dams that have been built in Qingfengling Teaching Power Plant, the training of hydraulic instrument observers mainly includes external observation and internal observation, which covers deformation monitoring, seepage observation, stress and strain and temperature monitoring.

RESEARCH ON SAMPLING INSPECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE BIG DATA ERA

Abstract. Technologies such as satellite remote sensing, global positioning, laser scanning, airborne radar, tilt photography, and drones are rapidly developing. Spatial data is exploding at an unprecedented rate every day, in a short period of time. The elements of natural resources products vary, and sampling inspection is generally used to evaluate the quality level of a lot of products. The sampling inspection is based on the rigorous probability theory. Samples are randomly taken from a lot of products according to the sampling scheme for inspection, and the quality of the lot is represented by the quality status of a small number of samples. In the small data era, it can achieve quality inspection of natural resources products with the least labor cost and the smallest number of samples. However, how to select a good sample is a difficult problem. In theory, using any set of sample data, we can not get the exact total truth value, and the sampling error is inevitable.This paper gives an overview of the basic rules of sampling inspection, including the basics of mathematics, basic principles and selection of sampling schemes. It introduces in detail the parameters, characteristics and methods of a sampling inspection, and uses the surveying and sampling scheme adopted for Natural Resources Products inspection. For example, it analyzes the incompatibility of the risk of the producer, the user, the inspector and the sample size selection, and puts forward suggestions for improving the sampling scheme of natural resources products.

Determining The Service Life Of Structures, Buildings And Facilities

The determination of the service life (residual resource) of buildings and structures during operation and during reconstruction becomes particularly relevant, because the current economic situation requires a significant reduction in production costs, which is facilitated by the use of sound scientifically and in detail developed strategies for the operation of construction projects, including the conduct of scheduled-preventive and capital repairs. The article considers the existing methods of determining the residual service life of structures of buildings and facilities in Russia. The necessity of updating and correcting the above methods in terms of clarifying the significance coefficients for elements of buildings is justified, as well as recommendations for supplementing the State Standard "Buildings and Structures. Rules for Inspection and Monitoring of Technical Condition" are made. The methods considered in the article make it possible to estimate the physical depreciation and the remaining operation time of buildings before capital overhaul based on the technical condition of the building, obtained on the basis of the survey, which is confirmed by the considered example of a residential building in the city of Sosnogorsk (Komi Republic).

Modern Methods for Assessing the Technical Condition of Building Engineering Systems

On the basis of the results of many years work in the inspection of engineering systems of buildings and structures, the presented work reflects aspects of obsolescence or imperfection of the regulatory document of the Russian Federation GOST 31937–2011 «Buildings and structures. Rules for inspection and monitoring of technical condition» in part of section 5.4. The types of work that are not taken into account in the GOST, but are necessary when inspecting for an objective assessment of the technical condition of engineering systems and the possibility of further trouble-free operation are considered. The authors propose modern inspection methods that make it possible, due to the instrumental tools used, to more accurately determine the operational capabilities of systems, identify hidden shortcomings and further develop optimal measures with the maximum improvement of indicators for financial expenses for major repairs of systems as a whole or individual elements.

Development of In-Service Inspection Rules for Liquid-Metal Cooled Reactors Using the System Based Code Concept

Abstract Inservice inspection rules for liquid-metal cooled plants were historically provided by Section XI, Division 3 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. However, some parts of the Code, such as acceptance standards for the examination of class 1 and 2 components remained as being in the course of preparation. Although no major revisions were made to Division 3 since the first issue in 1980, a newly developed and published Code Case N-875 now provides alternative examinations to the methods previously contained in Division 3. The Code Case was developed using the System Based Code (SBC) concept pursuing rationalization of codes and standards based on reliability targets throughout a plant's service life. In this paper, an overview of the Code Case is presented. The technical foundation to establish the applicability of these alternative examinations as delineated in the Code Case consists of stage I and II evaluations with compensating individual considerations. Stage I is a structural integrity evaluation without the contribution of inservice inspections, while stage II is evaluation of the detectability of a postulated flaw. Not only conventional direct detection methods, but also indirect detection methods are permitted to be employed through the stage II evaluation. Furthermore, the detailed evaluation procedures are illustrated through the application of the Code Case's evaluation criteria to the primary heat transport piping system of a prototype sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor in Japan, specifically Monju.

Development of an Automated Grading System of White Pea Bean Using Image Processing Techniques Convergence with Ann

White pea bean is a very important crop where its circulation in the market has to conform to the rules of quality inspection. Currently, white pea bean sample quality inspection is performed manually by human experts through visual evaluation and the constituents classified into foreign matter, rotten and diseased, healthy, broken, discolored, shriveled and pest damaged kernels. However, visual evaluation requires significant amount of time, trained and experienced people. Besides, it is affected by bias and inconsistencies associated with human nature. Such approach will not be satisfactory for large scale inspection and grading unless fully automated. A total of 24 features (14 color, 8 shape and 2 size) have been identified to model white pea bean sample constituents. For classification of White pea bean samples, a feedforward artificial neural network classifier with backpropagation learning algorithm, 24 input and 7 output nodes, corresponding to the number of features and classes respectively has been designed. The network is trained and its performance is compared against other classifiers using empirically. For the purpose of training the classifier, a total of 602 kernels and foreign matters have been collected from Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise. The training data is randomly apportioned into training (70%) and testing (30%). The classifier achieved an overall classification accuracy of 96.8%. The success rates for detecting foreign, rotten and diseased, healthy, broken, discolored, shriveled and pest damaged kernels are 94.9%, 96.5%, 96.3%, 97%, 97.9%, 97%, and 97.6%, respectively.

CYSTICERCUS TENUICOLLIS OF SHEEP IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN AND THE VOLGOGRAD REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Cysticercus tenuicollis (= fine-necked) is a widespread disease in many countries around the world, including in the Russian Federation. However, this disease remains insufficiently studied in the regional aspect, especially in the current newly formed economic conditions for the development of livestock farms in the country, which has become the goal of our work.Objective: to study the distribution of Cysticercus tenuicollis in some areas of the Republic of Dagestan and the Volgograd region of Russia. The work was carried out in one of the slaughterhouses of the Moscow region farm complex. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary inspection for the detection of fine-intestinal cysticercus in slaughter sheep was carried out according to the "Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products" dated 06.17.1988. As a result of the conducted research, it was found out that in Akushinskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan with Cysticercosis tenuicollis were infected: 21 sheep from the batch of 486 slaughter sheep and 8 sheep from another batch of 400 slaughter sheep in the same region of the republic. And from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, 6 sheep from the examined 243 slaughter sheep were infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Extensive invasion of Cysticercus tenuicollisinfection was in the Republic of Dagestan, respectively: 4.32% and 2.0%, and in the Pallas district of the Volgograd region: 2.5%. The data of the veterinary service of the slaughter were also taken into account, according to which in the Gunibskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan 19 sheep from 1,660 slaughtered sheep were infected Cysticercus tenuicollis with an extensive invasion of 2.5% and 40 sheep from 1,926 slaughtered sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region with an extensive invasion of 2.07%. The results of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection of slaughter sheep from the Republic of Dagestan and from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region of Russia showed that farms with a registered tenuikol cysticercosis should be carried out more thoroughly against organizational invasions.

DICROCELIOSIS OF CATTLE AND FASCIOLOSIS OF SHEEP IN TYPICAL REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

Dicroceliosis is a helminthic and zoonotic disease affecting many species of mammals, domestic, wild ruminants and humans. The causative agent of the disease is Dicrocoelium lanceatum - lanceolate fluke. Fascioliasis is a common disease of domestic, wild animals and humans. Two species of trematodes are the causative agents of ruminants in Russia: Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Dicroceliosis and fascioliasis are widespread in many countries around the world. These diseases cause huge losses to the Russian economy and are socially significant diseases. In the regional aspect, these diseases are insufficiently studied, which became the goal of our work.Objective. To study the infection with dicroceliums and fasciolae of cattle and sheep in the characteristic regions of the European part of Russia: Oryol, Volgograd and Rostov. Post-mortem veterinary and sanitary inspection for the detection of dicrocelium and fasciolae in the liver of cattle and sheep was carried out in accordance with the “Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products” of 06/17/1988. Investigations were carried out in 2016–2017 at slaughter points of the Moscow Region. As a result of liver research from: 250 slaughter cattle from the Oryol region, 400 slaughter sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, 300 slaughter sheep from the Martynovskiy district of the Rostov region, it was found that cattle are infected with D. lanceatum, and sheep with F. hepatica. Cattle in the Oryol region were infected with D. lanceatum with extensive invasion (EI) = 9.2%, with an intensity of invasion (AI) = 6–293 specimens/cattle. And sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region were infected with F. hepatica with EI = 1.75%, with AI = 3–27 specimens/sheep. The slaughter sheep from the Martynovskiy district of the Rostov region were infected with F. hepatica with EI = 5.3%, with AI = 9–51 specimens/sheep. Research results showed that farmers and managers of livestock farms in Oryol, Volgograd and Rostov regions need to conduct more thorough prevention and take measures against cattle dicroceliosis in Oryol and in Volgograd and Rostov regions against sheep fascioliasis.

Commissioning of thermal performance of prefabricated timber frame insulation elements for nZEB renovation

The current study contains a commissioning of thermal performance of highly insulated building envelope, located in cold and humid Estonian climate. The focus is on the renovation of old apartment building to nearly-zero energy building with prefabricated timber frame insulation elements with designed thermal transmittances U=0.10-0.12 W/(m2∙K). Air tightness, heat flux and temperatures were measured after renovation. Results of commissioning are showing some deviations from designed values, possibly caused by internal convection, improper tightening of joints of elements and poor quality of sealing of layers which must be kept airtight. The results have shown that analysis of designed solutions before, during and after renovation is worthwhile. Thorough inspection and strict rules of quality control on work site are essential for high-quality, sustainable outcomes of renovation with timber frame insulation elements and to guarantee designed thermal performance.

Research of Multi-Rotor UAVs Detailed Autonomous Inspection Technology of Transmission Lines Based on Route Planning

With the rapid development of the economy, the scale of transmission networks has been expanding, bring higher demands and challenges on transmission line operation and maintenance. In this paper, the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) safety inspection rules and automatic detailed inspection methods for transmission towers are studied. The theoretical model of multi-rotor UAVs of transmission lines inspection is established. The imaging calculation range of multi-rotor UAV-equipped cameras is determined. According to the inspection theory model, the flight safety judgment standard is designed, and the key parts of the transmission lines that need to be inspected are determined according to the accurate model of the transmission tower. Then the inspection waypoints are manually operated, and the photographing position and angle of each waypoint from the flight control are recorded through the waypoint planning function. Finally, the waypoints are connected in order, and the inspection route is automatically generated to achieve automatic detailed inspection. The inspection efficiency, error analysis and position accuracy comparing the proposed method with some state-of-the-art methods have been evaluated. The results show that the position error of UAVs automatic detailed inspection is less than 10 cm. The error of height is between 1.26 and 1.76 meter. Compared with the traditional manual inspection, the efficiency of multi-rotor UAVs automatic detailed inspection can be increased by 57.98%~62.88% and can be applied to large-scale inspection of transmission lines.

Viewpoint Optimization Method for Flying Robot Inspecting Transmission Towers Based on Point Cloud Model

This paper presents a method to derive optimal viewpoints for flying robot based transmission tower inspection, which applies point cloud model. A safe envelope is established according to safe transmission tower inspection rules. Essential inspection factors are proposed to evaluate the quality of candidate viewpoints, which includes visibility, dimensionality feature of point cloud as well as the distance between viewpoint and transmission power. A score function is constructed to quantify candidate viewpoints, while multiple attribute decision theory is applied to calculate the weight of each factor. Particle swarm optimization(PSO) is used to find the optimal viewpoints set. Both simulation experiment and practical observations are carried out. The results prove that optimal viewpoints have a great contribution for accurate transmission tower inspection. Final results are compared to patch-based method and proved to be feasible.

Analysis of the state of beekeeping industry in Ukraine, features of the organization of labor protection and improvement of safety rules with bees

The article investigates the current state of the beekeeping industry, raised questions regarding the maintenance of bees, the rules of inspection of bee colonies and safety rules, features of obtaining, processing and marketing of beekeeping products. The article presents statistical studies of the production of honey and wax, changes in the number of bee families on the territory of Ukraine over the past 30 years. The question arises of the need to conduct research on improving the work safety and safety at work with bees, as well as increasing productivity in the field of beekeeping and the implementation of needs for its products

Practical privacy‐preserving deep packet inspection outsourcing

SummaryHardware‐based middleboxes are ubiquitous in computer networks, which usually incur high deployment and management expenses. A recently arising trend aims to address those problems by outsourcing the functions of traditional hardware‐based middleboxes to high volume servers in a cloud. This technology is promising but still faces a few challenges from different aspects, including privacy concerns, middlebox functionality, and performance. In this paper, we propose two practical approaches to implementing a cloud‐based DPI middlebox. The outsourced DPI middlebox performs payload inspection over encrypted traffic while preserving the privacy of both communication data and inspection rules. Our first approach employs a modified reversible sketch structure, which is used for efficient error‐free membership testing, and our second approach extends the famous AC pattern matching algorithm to the cipher text domain. We utilize unkeyed one‐way hash functions instead of complex cryptographic protocols to achieve the privacy preservation requirements. Our system supports a wide range of real‐world inspection rules. We conduct evaluations on the ClamAV rule set, and the experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposals.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ МЯСА СВИНЕЙ ПРИ ЭХИНОКОККОЗЕ И АЛЬВЕОКОККОЗЕ

The article presents the results of studies to determine the organoleptic, microbiological and physical and chemical parameters of pig meat in echinococcosis and alveococcosis. Studies of the quality and safety of meat samples by organoleptic, microbiological and physicochemical parameters for echinococcosis and alginate pigs, showed that the meat obtained from the invasive animals met the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.1078-01 «Hygiene requirements of safety and nutritional value food products» (approved on 06.11.2001 with changes and additions), GOST R 54354-2011. «Meat and Meat Products. General requirements and methods of microbiological analysis» (12.06.2011) and «Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products» (1983), and the revealed deviations were uncritical and meat is allowed without restriction. However, in order to provide a full guarantee of veterinary and sanitary well-being of meat obtained from slaughter of invasive animals, in our opinion, it is necessary to provide additional research on its organoleptic, microbiological and physical and chemical indicators, which should ensure its safety.

Veterinary-sanitary requirements of slaughter of animals on meat in different countries of the world

Veterinary and sanitary requirements of slaughter of animals for meat production have been studied in some foreign countries, especially veterinary and sanitary examination and evaluation of slaughter products concerning diseases. There are some differences in the structure and content of the main regulatory documents - Veterinary Expertise or meat laws, which should be used by veterinary experts of exporting countries and importing countries in international trade of meat raw materials. The discrepancies in the veterinary and sanitary evaluation of meat and by-products are determined for some diseases detected in Russia and abroad when slaughtering animals. Recommended for approval of the new Russian Rules for the veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products to make additions taking into account the veterinary and sanitary evaluation of slaughter products approved in foreign countries, which will optimize the veterinary requirements for slaughter animals, meat raw materials and ready-to-eat meat products.