Rule Of Transmission Research Articles

Research on the shift rule of two-speed transmission in pure electric van

Research on the shift rule of two-speed transmission in pure electric van

Research on the shift rule of two-speed transmission in a pure electric van

Research on the shift rule of two-speed transmission in a pure electric van

Dynamic rule of ecological risk transmission among ecological communities based on network environmental analysis

This study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework for identifying the dynamic rule of ecological risk transmission among ecological communities in naphthalene-contaminated groundwater ecosystems. This framework is integrated with techniques of numerical simulation, network environmental analysis, and surrogate model. An information-based network analysis is applied for ecological risk assessment (ERA) based on a control allocation (CA) matrix, which can quantificationally reflect the relationship between groundwater ecosystems and ecological communities. Stepwise quadratic response surface analysis (SQRSA) is employed for determining a set of surrogates between pumping rates at injection/extraction wells and ecological risks of different communities. Results reveal that soil microorganism is the most vulnerable among four communities. Herbivores and carnivorous can receive indirect ecological risk via an environmental information network. In terms of the integrated risk in soil microorganism, 60.13% comes from initial risk and 39.87% is from direct risk (including 31.86% from vegetation). The SQRSA results show that the surrogates can well fit with the risk outputs from information-based network analysis due to a majority of scatter points evenly distributed on both sides of a straight line. Findings can support system design, risk assessment, and pollution abatement of groundwater ecosystems.

Research on power quality control of grid-connected microgrid based on distributed generation

ABSTRACT With the development of distributed generation and Microgrid technology, the structure and load of microgrid system will become more and more complex, and the probability of power quality problems such as harmonics, voltage fluctuation and flicker will be higher and higher. In this paper, the problem is studied. According to the development rule of international flexible transmission, a power quality control method based on active power filter is proposed. The simulation results show that the advanced correction in this paper is feasible, and it effectively improves the power quality of grid-connected microgrid.

The Research on Shift Rule of Double Clutch Transmission

Based on the dual clutch automatic transmission, the shift rule is studied. MTTLAB is used to establish the engine model, the transmission model and the vehicle dynamics model respectively. The input parameters are numerically analyed to analye the shift rules of the vehicle, including the best dynamic shift law and the best fuel economy shift law, the combination of shift law. According to the simulation results, we analysis three indicators which include shift speed and quality and fuel consumption.The acceleration performance of the vehicle is better than that of the economic shift rule when the dynamic shift rule is adopted. When the combined shift rule is adopted, the acceleration performance is changed from the slow to the fast. Economic shift law behave the minimum fuel consumption and the best economic performance, combined shift of the economy followed by the economic shift law, the dynamic law is the worst performance of the economy. The combined shift rule is suitable for vehicles that do not have special power requirements and fuel economy requirements for vehicles or vehicles that travel for a long period of time.

Physical mechanisms of active control of sound transmission through rib stiffened double-panel structure

This paper presents an analytical investigation on physical mechanisms of actively controlling sound transmission through a rib stiffened double-panel structure using point source in the cavity. The combined modal expansion and vibro-acoustic coupling methods are applied to establish the theoretical model of such active structure. Under the condition of minimizing radiated power of the radiating ribbed plate, the physical mechanisms are interpreted in detail from the point of view of modal couplings similar as that used in existed literatures. Results obtained demonstrate that the rule of sound energy transmission and the physical mechanisms for the rib stiffened double-panel structure are all changed, and affected by the coupling effects of the rib when compared with the analytical results obtained for unribbed double-panel case. By taking the coupling effects of the rib into considerations, the cavity modal suppression and rearrangement mechanisms obtained in existed investigations are modified and supplemented for the ribbed plate case, which gives a clear interpretation for the physical nature involved in the active rib stiffened double-panel structure.

Mechanisms of active control of noise transmission through triple-panel system using single control force on the middle plate

This paper presents an active triple-panel sound insulation structure with an idealized controllable point force acting on the middle plate. A novel analytical approach based on sound energy transmission rule is proposed to achieve the physical mechanism study. The transfer impedance matrix of the incident and middle plate is calculated using numerical approach. And the rule of sound energy transmission through the triple-panel structure is concluded by indirectly analyzing the radiated sound power of the three plates. Finally the physical mechanism of noise insulation is investigated from the point of view of the change in behaviors of energy transmission in controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Results obtained demonstrate that there exist four different energy transmission paths for four panel mode groups. The energy transmission is independent in each path and they are all of band-pass characteristic. The role of the middle plate and two cavities is very similar to the band-pass filter whose pass-band is different for different mode groups. The essence of active noise insulation lies in the fact that the energy transmission in each path is suppressed in its pass-band after control. This greatly improves sound insulation capability of the triple-panel structure and leads to sound propagation being blocked.

The Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Transmission in the Process of Coalbed Methane (CBM) Wells Drainage in the South Block of Shizhuang

Based on the data of CBM vertical well’s exploration and development in the south block of Shizhuang. This paper applies the method of comparison and adopts the software Visual Modflow4.2. The software simulated the 8th well whose original permeability and modified permeability is both poor and the groups of wells when draining for the rule of hydrostatic transmission. Results show that the relationship between original permeability and modified permeability determine the track of hydraulic transmission. When single well is draining, the hydraulic transmission can be seen as several concentric circles whose center is wellbore, but when the groups of wells are draining, regularity is the change of water level is not obvious because of the heterogeneity of coal reservoir. After draining for a long time, the water level difference between drained area and not drained area has appeared. The potential energy of underground water has a trend that overall downward, but did not form effective interference between the wells. Therefore, the original permeability and modified permeability become the key factor whether a region has high yield or not.

Optimization of piezoelectric sensor arrays in error sensing of active triple sound insulation structure

The active triple sound insulation structure using planar loudspeaker as the secondary actuator can be easily implemented and has better sound insulation performance in the low frequency range. The key problem encountered when implementing such a control system is to sense the error signal which should be highly correlated with the radiated sound power. In this paper, the theory of sensing the radiation modes of simply supported beam using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) arrays used in one-dimensional case is extended to two-dimensional structure, and then it is used in triple panel structure to optimally design the error sensing strategy. Based on the specific rule of sound energy transmission through triple panel structure, some key problems encountered in realizing the sensing system such as selection of the objective function, optimization of the number of PVDFs and implementing the sensing system, are analyzed thoroughly. The results obtained demonstrate that due to the fact that the majority of vibrating energy of radiated panel is stored in several limited number of panel modes, the amplitude of the first three order radiation modes can be obtained by simply summing the limited number of weighted PVDF film current output. And the weighted coefficient is fixed. The amplitudes of the radiation modes sensed by the proposed method are in good agreement with the theoretical value. The sensing accuracy of the error sensing system can be guaranteed, and this approach highly simplify the implementation of the error sensing system.

背瘤丽蚌F型线粒体基因组全序列分析

部分双壳贝类的线粒体遗传方式是特殊的双重单亲遗传方式:F型存在于雌性体细胞组织和性腺中,M型仅存在于雄性个体的性腺中。通过LA-PCR扩增、SHOT-GUN测序、软件拼接获得背瘤丽蚌(<em>Lamprotula leai</em>)F型线粒体基因组全序列。线粒体基因组全长为16530 bp,包括13个蛋白质编码基因,22个tRNA其中包括2个tRNA^Ser和2个tRNA^Leu,2个SrRNA及27个长度不等的非编码区,最长的两个非编码区分别为969 bp、228 bp。比较分析已登录到GenBank中的淡水蚌类F型线粒体结构特征,结果显示背瘤丽蚌F型A+T含量为60.28%,表现出A+T偏好性,淡水蚌类线粒体基因组长度的差异主要表现为非编码区长度的差异。此外,背瘤丽蚌mtDNA的COⅡ-12S rRNA区域基因排列存在差异,是ND3、tRNA^His、tRNA^Ala、tRNA^Ser1、tRNA^Ser2、tRNA^Glu、ND2、tRNA^Met 8个基因发生重排造成。F型线粒体序列构建的系统进化树中,淡水蚌类和海水双壳贝类分别聚为一支。研究结果为进一步研究淡水珍珠蚌的DUI线粒体遗传方式和种质资源保护奠定基础,为双壳贝类mtDNA基因重排提供依据。

Study on the rule of light transmission through the four-sided pyramid prism in the static polarization wind imaging interferometer

The principles of the new static polarization wind imaging interferometer and the light beam splitting of the four-sided pyramid prism were briefly introduced. Both the light ray’s transmitting direction and the transmitted point coordinates in the section of the prism were deduced by the ray tracing method. When the parallel ray had passed through the four-sided pyramid prism, the relation between the incidence angle and the deviation angle was calculated, the relation between the incidence angle and the transmissivity was also calculated. All the above relations were simulated by the computer. According to the parameters of the static polarization wind imaging interferometer, both the angle between the side and the base and the length of the base were determined. This research was very important to the design and manufacture of the static polarization wind imaging interferometer.

Comparative Mitochondrial Genomics of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) With Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mtDNA: Gender-Specific Open Reading Frames and Putative Origins of Replication

Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondrial DNA in marine mussels (Mytiloida), freshwater mussels (Unionoida), and marine clams (Veneroida) is the only known exception to the general rule of strict maternal transmission of mtDNA in animals. DUI is characterized by the presence of gender-associated mitochondrial DNA lineages that are inherited through males (male-transmitted or M types) or females (female-transmitted or F types), respectively. This unusual system constitutes an excellent model for studying basic aspects of mitochondrial DNA inheritance and the evolution of mtDNA genomes in general. Here we compare published mitochondrial genomes of unionoid bivalve species with DUI, with an emphasis on characterizing unassigned regions, to identify regions of the F and M mtDNA genomes that could (i) play a role in replication or transcription of the mtDNA molecule and/or (ii) determine whether a genome will be transmitted via the female or the male gamete. Our results reveal the presence of one F-specific and one M-specific open reading frames (ORFs), and we hypothesize that they play a role in the transmission and/or gender-specific adaptive functions of the M and F mtDNA genomes in unionoid bivalves. Three major unassigned regions shared among all F and M unionoid genomes have also been identified, and our results indicate that (i) two of them are potential heavy-strand control regions (O(H)) for regulating replication and/or transcription and that (ii) multiple and potentially bidirectional light-strand origins of replication (O(L)) are present in unionoid F and M mitochondrial genomes. We propose that unassigned regions are the most promising candidate sequences in which to find regulatory and/or gender-specific sequences that could determine whether a mitochondrial genome will be maternally or paternally transmitted.

Development of novel ultrasonic transducers for microelectronics packaging

Novel high-frequency ultrasonic transducers have been developed in order to provide faster, more repeatable and stronger microelectronics bonding technology, and fine-pitch packaging can be accomplished by these transducers. The analytical model of the transducer system is established on the basis of electromechanical equivalent circuitry theory, vibration theory and wave theory, which lays the foundation for determining the initial topological information of the ultrasonic transducer. By use of finite element method (FEM), the dynamic characteristics of components are investigated. The resonance frequency, vibration displacement nodes and rule of ultrasonic energy transmission are acquired by making modal and harmonic analysis. Through optimum design by considering the piezoelectric effect, the dimensions of ultrasonic transducer have been gained finally. The prototyped transducer is tested through the impedance analyzer and laser Doppler vibrometer, which proves remarkable resemblance with the theory and FEM. The experimental results also show that there are no undesirable vibration modes around the working frequency, thus it becomes convenient for the vibration control.

Dynamic experiment and numerical simulation of solute transmission in heap leaching processing

Solute transmission in saturated ore heap was studied numerically and experimentally. The convection-diffusion equation (CDE) used to describe the mass transportation in porous media was solved by characteristic difference method to give the distribution of the concentration of ferrous ion in the ore column. To calibrate the computational model, a column test was performed using infiltration of sulfide ferrous solution (the initial concentration is c0 = 0.04 mol/L) on a 100 cm high column composed of ore particles smaller than 10 mm for 2.5 h. The numerical analysis shows that the results obtained from numerical modeling under the same operating conditions as used for column test are in good agreement with those from experimental procedure on the whole trend, which indicates that the model, the numerical method, and the parameters chosen can reflect the rule of ferrous ion transmission in ore heap.

Rule of oxygen transmission in dump leaching

According to the chemical equations, the flux and concentration of oxygen required during bacterial leaching sulfuric mineral were investigated; the rule of air bubble transmitted in granular was researched in the Dump Leaching Plant of Dexing Copper Mine. The results show that lack of oxygen in dump leaching is the critical factor of restricting leaching reaction. Pyrite is the primary oxygen-consuming mineral in bioleaching. When its content is too high, it needs a great deal of oxygen for reaction and competes for the finite oxygen with objective minerals, and thus the leaching velocity decreases greatly. The average size of ore particles and diameter of bubbles are the key parameters affecting the mass transfer coefficient. Reverse analysis was adopted, and it shows that 44.8 m3 air per unit ore can meet the requirement of production if the molar ratio of pyrite to chalcopyrite is 10.

Structure and Reactivity of the Dammarenyl Cation: Configurational Transmission in Triterpene Synthesis

[reaction: see text] The dammarenyl cation (13) is the last common intermediate in the cyclization of oxidosqualene to a diverse array of secondary triterpene metabolites in plants. We studied the structure and reactivity of 13 to understand the factors governing the regio- and stereospecificity of triterpene synthesis. First, we demonstrated that 13 has a 17beta side chain in Arabidopsis thaliana lupeol synthase (LUP1) by incubating the substrate analogue (18E)-22,23-dihydro-20-oxaoxidosqualene (21) with LUP1 from a recombinant yeast strain devoid of other cyclases and showing that the sole product of 21 was 3beta-hydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanor-17beta-dammaran-20-one. Quantum mechanical calculations were carried out on gas-phase models to show that the 20-oxa substitution has negligible effect on substrate binding and on the activation energies of reactions leading to either C17 epimer of 13. Further molecular modeling indicated that, because of limited rotational freedom in the cyclase active site cavity, the C17 configuration of the tetracyclic intermediate 13 can be deduced from the angular methyl configuration of the pentacyclic or 6-6-6-6 tetracyclic product. This rule of configurational transmission aided in elucidating the mechanistic pathway accessed by individual cyclases. Grouping of cyclases according to mechanistic and taxonomic criteria suggested that the transition between pathways involving 17alpha and 17beta intermediates occurred rarely in evolutionary history. Two other mechanistic changes were also rare, whereas variations on cation rearrangements evolved readily. This perspective furnished insights into the phylogenetic relationships of triterpene synthases.

Statistical energy analysis for complicated coupled system and its application in engineering

A new SEA method is developed in this paper to analyze the vibration and noise radiation from the complicated coupled systems. Firstly, some elements influence the energy transmission between the two coupled mechanical structures are separated and corresponding parameters are introduced to investigate those influences separately. Linking style coefficient is introduced to denote the rule of vibration energy transmission when structures are linked by one point, some points or a line. Non-conservative coupling coefficient is introduced to describe the influence of isolation or damping when structures are isolated or damped. Indirect coupling coefficient is introduced to research the property of vibration energy transmission when two structures are indirectly linked by other structure. Secondly, on the basis above, the gradation analysis is put forward to simplify the vibration analysis of complicated coupled system. Thirdly, vibration and noise radiation from an underwater vehicle is analyzed by the developed SEA. Levels of vibration and sound power induced by the underwater vehicle are predicted. The analysis results agree well with the experiment results. Finally, based on the analysis, the way to control the noise from the vehicle is pointed out.

Central spot on the Hν-diffraction patterns of polymer samples containing spherulites

On H ν -diffraction patterns of films containing spherulites, in addition to the typical four-petal pattern, scattering is often observed in the central region of the diffraction pattern (so-called central spot) [1–5]. The intensity of the central spot depends on the thickness and history of the sample and passes through a minimum four times when the film is rotated through 360° round a primary beam. Our observations indicate that for films obtained by rapid and irregular cooling of the melt, the intensity of central scattering is comparable with that of spherulitic reflexes. On reducing the rate of cooling the central spot became weaker and with fairly slow reduction in temperature and fairly thin films it disappeared completely. The spot also disappeares on annealing films. However, the central spot again appeared when the annealed specimen was deformed [2, 5]. The intensity of the central spot reached a maximum when the direction of elongation enclosed an angle of 45° with the axes of polaroids and (in the event of fairly low deformation) decreased to zero, when the direction of elongation enclosed an angle of 0 or 90° with the axes. Similar effects are also observed during the deformation of amorphous polymers [6] and are due to the fact that during deformation these materials, on the whole, become optically anisotropic. The well known theory developed by Kuhn and Gruhn [9] enables us to relate the intensity of scattering in the “forward” direction with segmental anisotropy of polymer molecules and their orientation in relation to the axis of elongation. For amorphous crystalline polymers, however, no quantitative relations were derived so far between the intensity of light passed through between the crossed polaroids and the molecular and supermolecular characteristics of the systems. Nevertheless, there are several experimental facts which support the view that during deformation the amorphous-crystalline polymers gradually acquire the properties of a uniaxial crystal and that anisotropy increases in proportion to elongation. Among these facts are: 1) periodicity in changing the intensity of light transmitted in proportion to elongation (Fig. 1 a); 2) direct observation of the macroanisotropy of polymers through a quartz prism (Fig. 1, b); 3) agreement (in first approximation) of the angular dependence of the intensity of transmission in crossed polaroids for uniaxially elongated fibres and films with the well known rule of transmission for uniaxial crystals. ▪ However, neither the similarity to an optically anisotropic crystal, nor the theory of scattering by a single particle (spherulite) [3, 4] explain the presence of central scattering when the axis of elongation is oriented along the plane of vibration of one of the polaroids. An attempt is made in this paper to give a possible explanation to this phenomenon.