Modification Of Rules Research Articles

An automatic text generation algorithm of technical disclosure for catenary construction based on knowledge element model

Preparing technical disclosure documents has always been a labor-intensive task in the site management practice of current OCS (Overhead Contact System) project construction, and the overall information level of construction management is not high. As a result, the technical disclosure documents are of poor quality, which significantly affects the effective play of technical documents in guiding construction activities. In view of the above limitations, this paper proposes a text-generation method for OCS engineering technical disclosure based on a knowledge element model. By investigating the characteristics of OCS engineering technical knowledge, a representation model is established to model the technical knowledge from multiple sources, such as case data, standard specifications, and design data. As OCS engineering is highly standardized, we propose a case-rule hybrid reasoning model for the reuse of OCS engineering case knowledge. The mining and utilization of earlier engineering technical knowledge are made possible by similar retrieval of precedent situations and adaptive rules modification. Finally, we suggest an automatic text-generating technique based on a configuration template for new building projects. The knowledge element model is converted into a technical disclosure document expressed in natural language using a two-level mapping process. The cantilever installation project is used as an illustration for empirical research, and relevant practitioners are invited to carry out a manual review by questionnaire from the perspectives of topic relevance, topic integrity, topic word implication, sentence smoothness, sentence continuity, and information volume. At the same time, standard assessment metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE are employed to compare with the neural network-based text generation approach. The outcomes demonstrate that the strategy suggested in this paper can generate technical disclosure text that performs well. Overall, its text integrity and readability may satisfy on-site management's demands and help on-site management lessen the workload of technical management staff.

Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical-Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review.

The purpose of this scoping review was to analyse the effect of rules modification on technical and tactical action in young basketball. The publications search period ranged from January 2007 to December 2021. The search covered the following electronic databases: SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and the Web of Science core collection. Following this search process, 18 articles were included in the review. The following variables were analysed: characteristics of the sample, the constraints manipulated, the duration of the intervention, and the effect on technical-tactical actions. The studies reviewed modified the following constraints: (a) number of players (66.7%), (b) court dimensions (27.8%), (c) ball/player interactions (11.1%), and (d) ball/player interactions, basket height, game time and number of baskets (5.6%, respectively). The findings show that rule manipulation can increase players' participation and promote the variability of players' actions. The current evidence about rule modification in youth basketball presents areas in which more studies are needed to have a complete perspective of their impact in practice and competition through the different stages of players' development. Taking into account individual needs and developmental stages, further studies should consider different age groups (e.g., from U-10 to zU-14) and female players. Expanding scientific knowledge in this area would help coaches make short- and long-term plans in accordance with players' developmental stages.

Polaritonic Chern Insulators in Monolayer Semiconductors.

Systems with strong light-matter interaction open up new avenues for studying topological phases of matter. Examples include exciton polaritons, mixed light-matter quasiparticles, where the topology of the polaritonic band structure arises from the collective coupling between matter wave and optical fields strongly confined in periodic dielectric structures. Distinct from light-matter interaction in a uniform environment, the spatially varying nature of the optical fields leads to a fundamental modification of the well-known optical selection rules, which were derived under the plane wave approximation. Here we identify polaritonic Chern insulators by coupling valley excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides to photonic Bloch modes in a dielectric photonic crystal slab. We show that polaritonic Dirac points, which are markers for topological phase transition points, can be constructed from the collective coupling between valley excitons and photonic Dirac cones in the presence of both time-reversal and inversion symmetries. Lifting exciton valley degeneracy by breaking time-reversal symmetry leads to gapped polaritonic bands with nonzero Chern numbers. Through numerical simulations, we predict polaritonic chiral edge states residing inside the topological gaps. Our Letter paves the way for the further study of strong exciton-photon interaction in nanophotonic structures and for exploring polaritonic topological phases and their practical applications in polaritonic devices.

Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries in Children: Types, Prevention and Treatment

Injuries to the face and mouth that occur during sports activities are a concern for athletes. It is important to understand the types of injuries, ways to prevent them and how to manage them. This review explores the aspects of oral injuries in children who participate in sports, including dental trauma lip injuries, facial bone fractures and soft tissue injuries. Dental trauma is especially common and can have lasting effects that require extensive dental treatment. Facial bone fractures can range in severity, often requiring intervention. Soft tissue injuries are also quite common and can potentially cause disfigurement, so they need wound care. To create an environment for sports activities, preventive measures like using fitted mouth guards and helmets as well as making rule modifications are essential. Educational programs targeting coaches and young athletes play a role in raising awareness about these injuries and promoting participation. It is crucial to identify injuries and provide appropriate management for optimal recovery. Implementing strategies such as using gear recommended by dental associations (like custom fitted mouth guards and helmets) significantly helps reduce the occurrence and severity of these injuries. In summary, the review underscores the challenges involved in dealing with injuries related to sports in children. It emphasizes the significance of taking actions and providing interventions. The healthcare community’s dedication to improving protocols and promoting a safetyoriented environment is crucial for safeguarding the health of athletes participating in sports.

Preservation of Traditional Sports of Geudeu-Geudeu Wrestling With Modification of Match Rules in the Pidie Jaya Community of Aceh

The growth of traditional sports begins with daily habits with various activities in the form of movements towards a game which contains elements of the art of sports and social values ​​that exist throughout Indonesia. The aim of the study was to modify the rules of the traditional sport of geudeu-geudeu wrestling. The research method used is research and development (R & D) with the stages of the ADDIE method, namely: analyze, design, develop, implement, evaluate. The research instruments were questionnaires and interviews containing statements related to the modification of the traditional sport rules of geudeu-geudeu wrestling. The research subjects were geudeu-geudeu trainers and 10 youths in Pidie Jaya Regency. Data analysis by looking for the magnitude of the relative frequency or in the form of a percentage. The results of this study indicate that there are four alternative answers chosen by respondents, namely 62.23% strongly agree, 34.24% choose agree, and 3.53% disagree, with the modification of the geudeu-geudeu martial arts regulations. Youth 60.02% strongly agree, 36.55% agree, 3.43% disagree with the modification of the traditional sport rules of geudeu-geudeu wrestling. Geudeu-geudeu and youth coaches 60.12% strongly agreed, 35.39% agreed with the development of the traditional sport regulations of geudeu-geudeu wrestling, and 4.49% disagreed with the modification of the traditional sport rules of geudeu-geudeu wrestling.

Invention, Interpretation, and Diffusion: A Transnational Framework for the Development of Netball, 1895–1926

A transnational process whereby women’s basketball was imported into Britain reflects a number of social and cultural themes: the femininity versus masculinity debate; the biological capabilities of women; separate gender spheres; and, institutional angst concerning unwomanly behaviour. The modification to, and revision of, the rules of basketball are a commentary on the divergence of approaches taken by pioneers of women’s physical education and games. In essence, the modification of the male-orientated rules of basketball made it possible for women’s basketball to flourish in the United States of America, ultimately stimulating the creation of netball in Britain. Hence, in this paper the foundation of netball is explored by examining two developmental phases in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras. First, the professionalization of teacher training methods in physical education in Britain, 1893–1901, reinforced their status as educated, independent, and career-minded women. Second, the formation of the Ling Association in 1899 stimulated the development of netball as a modern amateur sport, and a corner-stone to the physical education curriculum in schools. In this context, a transnational framework for the development of the sport can be explored.

Penalty feet positioning rule modification and laterality effect on soccer goalkeepers’ diving kinematics

In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that determined the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences on the diving save kinematic performance in penalties. Six goalkeepers, two professionals and four amateurs, performed a total of 20 dives in the laboratory and had their force and impulse exerted by the lower limb and displacement/velocity data from the center of body mass collected through force plates and kinematic analysis. The side preference was collected through an inventory. The results showed that goalkeepers dive further (p < 0.001) and faster (p < 0.001) when diving according to the new rule. Dives for the non-dominant side presented higher values than the trials for the dominant side in mediolateral (p = 0.02) and resultant (p = 0.03) displacements. Concluding, the goalkeepers performed better with the new rule in the analyzed variables and the lower limb preference has influenced only the mediolateral and resultant displacement.

Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid): Influence of infill orientation angle

The effect that the infill orientation angle has on the strain-rate dependence of the yield stress for material extrusion additive manufactured (ME-AM) PolyLactic Acid (PLA) material was investigated. Symmetric angle-ply stacking sequences were used to produce ME-AM tensile test samples. Measured yield stresses were compensated for the voided structure, typical of ME-AM components. Furthermore, molecular orientation and stretch was macroscopically assessed by a thermal shrinkage procedure. Additionally, hot-press compression molded ( CM ) samples were manufactured and mechanically characterized in uniaxial tensile and compression in order to determine the material’s isotropic bulk properties. Initial model parameters for the Ree–Eyring modification of the Eyring flow rule were determined using CM data. According to SEM fractography, all samples showed microscopically brittle fracture behavior. Notwithstanding, contrary to CM samples, ME-AM specimens showed macroscopically ductile stress–strain behavior and a transition from a regime with only a primary α -deformation process, at low strain rates, to a regime with 2 deformation processes ( α + β ), at high strain rates. These effects are an influence of the processing step and are attributed to the molecular orientation and stretch of the polymer chains, provoking anisotropic mechanical properties. As a consequence, a deformation-induced change of the Eyring rate constants is needed to adequately describe the strain-rate dependence of the ME-AM yield stress behavior, leaving the initial activation volumes unchanged. Taking this deformation-dependence of the rate constants into account, yield stresses as a function of infill orientation angle can be appropriately predicted. • ME-AM samples with different symmetric angle-ply stacking sequences were produced. • PLA shows anisotropy in yield stress and strain-rate dependent behavior. • ME-AM samples show ductile stress–strain behavior, due to molecular orientation. • ME-AM samples show transition in strain-rate dependence, due to molecular orientation. • PLA demonstrates deformation-dependent Eyring rate constants.

On The Modification of Chaos Game Rules on A Square

Fractal is a collection of geometric patterns found in nature and can also be a mathematical model visualization in which the pattern is repeated on a different scale. The formation of a fractal object can be done with a rule called chaos games. Chaos games explain a dot that moves erratically. On this research there will be random and non-random modification of the chaos game rules on a square. The purpose of this research is to make modifications and get visual results from modifications of the rules random and non-random chaos game. Depictions of random and non-random chaos game are carried out using MATLAB programs. Visualization of the random chaos game rule modification is a new fractal object that has self-similarity. Whereas modifications of the non-random rules by giving a particular sequence in selection a square point result in convergent points at specific coordinates. This is demonstrated by showing the value of the limit from the distance between points that produced by non-random chaos game is zero.

Does Increasing the Severity of Penalties Assessed in Association With the "Zero Tolerance for Head Contact" Policy Translate to a Reduction in Head Impact Rates in Youth Ice Hockey?

The risk of concussion is high in Canadian youth ice hockey. Aiming to reduce this burden, in 2011, Hockey Canada implemented a national "zero tolerance for head contact (HC)" policy mandating the penalization of any player HC. In 2018 to 2020, Hockey Canada further amended this HC policy including stricter enforcement of severe HCs. This study aimed to compare HC rates, head impact location, and HC enforcement prepolicy, postpolicy, and after policy amendments in elite U15 Canadian youth ice hockey. This is a prospective cohort study. A collection of events with the video camera located at the highest point near center ice in public ice hockey arenas in Calgary, Alberta. A convenience sample of 10 AA U15 games prepolicy (2008-2009), 8 games postpolicy (2013-2014), and 10 games after policy amendments (2020-2021). An analysis of 3 cohort years regarding the HC-policy implementation and amendments. Using Dartfish video-analysis software, all player contacts and HCs [direct (HC1), indirect (eg, boards, ice) (HC2)] were tagged using validated criteria. Univariate Poisson regression clustering by team-game offset by game length (minutes) was used to estimate incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) between cohorts. With additional rule modifications, a 30% reduction in HC1s emerged (IRR 2013-2020 = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.51-0.95). Since the HC-policy implementation, HC1s decreased by 24% (IRR 2008-2020 = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.58-0.99). The proportion of HC1s penalized was similar across cohorts (P 2008-2009 = 14.4%; P 2013-2014 = 15.5%; P 2020-2021 = 16.2%). The HC-policy amendments have led to decreased HC1 rates. However, referee enforcement can further boost the HC-policy effectiveness. These findings can help future referee training and potential rule modifications to increase player safety nationally.

CHILDREN’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS INCLUSION OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED PUPIL IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS FROM THE POINT OF PUPILS’ EXPERIENCE

The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Slovak able-bodied pupils towards the inclusion of pupil with visual impairment in physical education (P.E.) classes from the point of pupils’ experience. The research sample comprised a total of 419 able-bodied primary school pupils of the 6th to 9th grade, divided into pupils with experience with a visually impaired person (n=96) and without experience (n=323). The CAIPE-CZ was translated into the Slovak language and modified for the inclusion of visually impaired pupil in physical education lessons. The Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in children’s attitudes between children with experience versus children without experience. Attitudes of able-bodied pupils towards the inclusion of pupils with visual impairment in P.E. lessons were only indifferent to very slightly positive in both samples according to their previous experience with a visually impaired person in their lives. Despite these findings, able-bodied pupils without previous experience with a visually impaired person compared pupils with experience show significantly higher positive attitudes towards visually impaired pupil in P.E. classes in the field of cooperation, willingness to help, socialization, and rules modification of sports games.

“Everybody Wants to be Included”: Experiences with ‘Inclusive’ Strategies in Physical Education

This study examined how students with orthopedic impairments experienced strategies identified in the literature to support ‘inclusion’. An interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach was used, and six students with orthopedic impairments (age 10–14 years) served as participants. Data sources were written prompts, semi-structured, audiotaped interviews, and reflective interview notes. Based on thematic data analysis, four themes were constructed: “It’s kind of embarrassing”: experiences with support; “I don’t want to be different”: equipment, activity, and rule modifications; “I like to be a part of the conversation”: autonomy and choice in PE; and “I would rather be like the other students”: discussing disability. The experiences portrayed through these themes highlighted the differential effects of these explicated strategies, where each strategy contributed to feelings of inclusion, as well as marginalization among participants. As such, the findings indicated that ‘inclusive’ strategies should not be considered as blanket recommendations; instead, attempts to promote ‘inclusion’ of students with disabilities should start with a reflexive look at the unique needs of each individual student.

On the probability of the Condorcet Jury Theorem or the Miracle of Aggregation

The Condorcet Jury Theorem or the Miracle of Aggregation are frequently invoked to ensure the competence of some aggregate decision-making processes. In this article we explore the probability of the thesis predicted by the theorem (if there are enough voters, majority rule is a competent decision procedure) in different settings. We use tools from measure theory to conclude that it will happen almost surely or almost never, depending on the probability measure. In particular, it will fail almost surely for measures estimating the prior probability. To update this prior either more evidence in favor of competence would be needed (so that a large likelihood term compensates a small prior term in Bayes’ Theorem) or a modification of the decision rule. The former includes the case of (rational) agents reversing their vote if its probability of voting the right option is less than 1/2. Following the latter, we investigate how to obtain an almost sure competent information aggregation mechanism for almost any evidence on voter competence (including the less favorable ones). To do so, we substitute simple majority rule by weighted majority rule based on some stochastic weights correlated with epistemic rationality such that every voter is guaranteed a minimal weight equal to one. We also explore how to obtain these weights in a real setting.

On Learning to Anticipate in Youth Sport

Elite sport offers a suitable setting to understand the ability to anticipate future events—a phenomenon that is central to animal life. Critically, however, whilst anticipation in sport has been studied for several decades, there have been few attempts to understand its development throughout childhood and adolescence. Additionally, whilst it is widely acknowledged that the need to anticipate emerges from temporal pressure, there has been no effort to understand the nonlinear effect that temporal demands have on the development of anticipatory skill. This is important as its consequences have different implications for sports authorities compared to an individual player. To bridge the gap in our understanding, this article draws attention to the mathematical concepts of concavity and convexity to explain the nonlinear relationship between temporal demands and the development of anticipatory skill. This viewpoint has implications for the design of junior sport, including the modification of rules, which has gained worldwide interest in recent years.

Effect of initial geometric imperfections on dynamic ultimate strength of stiffened plate under axial compression for ship structures

Compared with static loading condition, the initial geometric imperfection has a significant influence on dynamic ultimate strength, which can greatly change the failure mode and also ultimate capacity. In previous studies, only the 1st buckling mode of plate is usually considered as the initial geometric imperfection. However, it might not trigger the dangerous failure mode and also cannot give the lowest estimation of dynamic ultimate strength. In this paper, the stiffened plates used in ship structures are chosen as the study object. The dynamic action is assumed as a load with impact velocity at the plate short edge along axial direction. The effect of initial geometric imperfection with higher buckling modes is analyzed. Based on validation of the experiment results, a general procedure is offered for considering initial geometric imperfection in dynamic ultimate strength analysis. Then, the influence factors, including imperfection shape, plate slenderness ratio and impact velocity are discussed detailly. At last, a simple formula for dynamic ultimate strength evaluation of stiffened plate is proposed. The conclusions in this paper can provide a guidance for dynamic ultimate strength calculation and ship rules modification.

Habit formation and the pareto-efficient provision of public goods

This paper examines the implications of habit formation in private and public goods consumption for the Pareto-efficient provision of public goods, based on a two-period model with nonlinear taxation. Under weak leisure separability, and if the public good is a flow-variable such that the government directly decides on the level of the public good in each period, habit formation leads to a modification of the policy rule for public good provision if, and only if, the degrees of habituation differ for private and public good consumption. By contrast, if the public good supply is time-invariant, the presence of habit formation generally alters the policy rule for public good provision.

SD-Honeypot Integration for Mitigating DDoS Attack Using Machine Learning Approaches

Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) is still considered the main availability problem in computer networks. Developing a programmable Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) application in a Software Defined Network (SDN) may solve the specified problem. However, the deployment of centralized logic control can create a single point of failure on the network. This paper proposed the integration of Honeypot Sensor (Suricata) on the SDN environment, namely the SD-Honeypot network, to resolve the DDoS attack using a machine learning approach. The application employed several algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and Random Forest (RF)) and comparatively analyzed. The dataset used during the emulation utilized the extracted Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood data from the Suricata sensor. In order to measure the effectiveness of detection and mitigation modules, several variables were examined, namely, accuracy, precision, recall, and the promptness of the flow mitigation installation process. The Honeypot server transmitted the flow rule modification message for blocking the attack using the Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). The experiment results showed the effectiveness of CART algorithm for detecting and resolving the intrusion. Despite the accuracy score pointed at 69-70%, the algorithm could promptly deploy the mitigation flow within 31-49ms compared to the SVM, which produced 93-94% accuracy, but the flow installation required 112-305ms. The developed CART module can be considered a solution to prevent the attack effectively based on the analyzed variable.

Adaptive regularization minimization algorithms with nonsmooth norms

AbstractAn adaptive regularization algorithm (AR$1p$GN) for unconstrained nonlinear minimization is considered, which uses a model consisting of a Taylor expansion of arbitrary degree and regularization term involving a possibly nonsmooth norm. It is shown that the nonsmoothness of the norm does not affect the ${\mathcal {O}}(\epsilon _1^{-(p+1)/p})$ upper bound on evaluation complexity for finding first-order $\epsilon _1$-approximate minimizers using $p$ derivatives, and that this result does not hinge on the equivalence of norms in $\mathbb {R}^n$. It is also shown that, if $p=2$, the bound of ${\mathcal {O}}(\epsilon _2^{-3})$ evaluations for finding second-order $\epsilon _2$-approximate minimizers still holds for a variant of AR$1p$GN named AR2GN, despite the possibly nonsmooth nature of the regularization term. Moreover, the adaptation of the existing theory for handling the nonsmoothness results is an interesting modification of the subproblem termination rules, leading to an even more compact complexity analysis. In particular, it is shown when the Newton’s step is acceptable for an adaptive regularization method. The approximate minimization of quadratic polynomials regularized with nonsmooth norms is then discussed, and a new approximate second-order necessary optimality condition is derived for this case. A specialized algorithm is then proposed to enforce first- and second-order conditions that are strong enough to ensure the existence of a suitable step in AR$1p$GN (when $p=2$) and in AR2GN, and its iteration complexity is analyzed. A final section discusses how practical approximate curvature measures may lead to weaker second-order optimality guarantees.

Development of a Reservoir Flood Control Scheme for Global Flood Models

AbstractIntegrating reservoir flood control operations in global flood forecasting systems is important for accurately estimating discharge and other variables. Because existing modeling operational rules and parameters do not reflect the actual variability due to a lack of associated data, globally applicable modeling of flood regulation needs to be studied further. In this study, we developed a flood control operation scheme with refined parameters and algorithms to tackle this problem. We used recently developed objective data sets of reservoir dynamics to more realistically estimate different reservoir parameters, such as flood storage capacity. Furthermore, the algorithm for the operational rule was modified by introducing a new release coefficient such that the peak attenuation depended on the reservoir's ability to regulate floods. The operation scheme for 2,169 dams was introduced into the CaMa‐Flood global hydrodynamic model. Compared to the simulation without reservoirs, the Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency and peak discharge error in the daily river discharge improved at 62.2% and 49.9% of the gauges, respectively, after the integration. Compared to the parameter estimated by a method in previous studies, the newly estimated flood storage capacity parameters reduced the peak discharge error at 47% of the gauges downstream of the reservoirs where the flood storage capacity ratio is small (≤50%). Furthermore, the modification of operational rules had the effect of mitigating people exposed to flooding by ∼10%. This study informs the integration and the refinements of the reservoir operation scheme to improve global flood simulation and forecasting.

Tensile strength grading of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) lamellas from multiple origins, cross sections and qualities

Abstract The market share of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood in the construction sector is low despite an increase in beech stock in Central European Forests in recent years. More efficient sawing techniques, higher lamella grading yields and solving of adhesion challenges may increase the competitiveness of beech glulam and promote its use. The aim of this paper is to revise the lamella grading system in the current German technical approval for beech glulam Z-9.1-679:2019 (DIBt (2019). BS-Holz aus Buche und BS-Holz Buche Hybridträger und zugehörige Bauarten. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z-9.1-679:2019. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik) and to suggest modifications in the lamella grading rules for glulam production allowing higher yields and reliable tensile strength values at the same time. The unique dataset in this study combined different origins of lamellas and covered a wide range of visual, physical and mechanical wood characteristics including a high amount of low quality material. Indicating properties (IPs) for tensile strength, such as knot parameters and dynamic modulus of elasticity, were contrasted with tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity. Beech lamellas, graded by means of Z-9.1-679:2019 (DIBt (2019). BS-Holz aus Buche und BS-Holz Buche Hybridträger und zugehörige Bauarten. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z-9.1-679:2019. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik), did not achieve the tensile strengths required for glulam production in many grading classes and the yield was low. A machine grading approach with dynamic modulus of elasticity as a single grading criterion gave higher yields than the current grading procedure and high reliability for tensile strength prediction with a prediction accuracy of R 2 = 0.67.