Rule-based Energy Management System Research Articles

Blended Rule-Based Energy Management for PHEV: System Structure and Strategy

This paper proposes a blended rule-based energy management system (EMS) for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The proposed EMS is formulated over driving information and vehicle trip energy and not over vehicle speed profiles, as usually seen. The proposed EMS design structure and strategy is described followed by its evaluation. This is the first time a platform for a rule-based acausal EMS has been designed. Performance metrics such as the fuel economy and the number of engine stop–starts are compared with conventional rule-based EMS over real-world destinations with uncertain trip demand. Its performance metrics compared with a conventional EMS for a full parallel PHEV was found to be superior in this paper.

Hardware-in-Loop Simulation for the Energy Management System Development of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus

In this paper, a hardware-in-loop experiment that integrated controller area network (CAN) monitor and evaluation function for control system is the research content, and a rule-based energy management system of plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) is developed. The real-time kernel of PHEB model was downloaded into VTSystem platform for the real-time simulation system development. An driver and energy management system-in-loop experiment was carried out to verify the energy management strategy under the China Transit Bus Driving Cycle (CTBDC), and the CAN bus performance features were evaluated by CANoe software. The energy consumption per 100km includes 14.1L diesel and 11.9 kW·h electricity with an initial SoC of 85%.

A Rule Based Energy Management System of Experimental Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a simple and efficient rule based energy management system for battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) used in electric vehicles is presented. The objective of the proposed energy management system is to focus on exploiting the supercapacitor characteristics and on increasing the battery lifetime and system efficiency. The role of the energy management system is to yield battery reference current, which is subsequently used by the controller of the DC/DC converter. First, a current controller is designed to realize load current distribution between battery and supercapacitor. Then a voltage controller is designed to ensure the supercapacitor SOC to fluctuate within a preset reasonable variation range. Finally, a commercial experimental platform is developed to verify the proposed control strategy. In addition, the energy efficiency and the cost analysis of the hybrid system are carried out based on the experimental results to explore the most cost-effective tradeoff.

Rule-based Energy Management System in an Experimental Microgrid with the Presence of Time of Use Tariffs

This paper aims to investigate a method of peak load shaving through the utilization of solar PV and battery energy storage whilst creating a cost effective Energy Management System (EMS). This is achieved by utilizing a rule-sets to manage and optimize a scheduling system with a forecasting algorithm. As Time of Use (ToU) tariffs change throughout the day, a cost benefit can be achieved when a smart energy storage system is appropriately employed. The EMS operation is tested on an experimental microgrid with commercial load considering payback period calculation.

Fuel cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle anticipatory and real-time blended-mode energy management for battery life preservation

In this paper, the energy management problem for a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle is investigated using a real-time power splitting method that preserves the battery pack life. The reduction of high-power demand during the vehicle stop-and-go operations and the limitation of the batteries' minimum energy to a prescribed level are the two aspects considered in this study. Using a longitudinal motion model of an experimental small utility truck, a multi-criteria optimization problem, including the hydrogen/electricity cost ratio and the anticipation of the high-power demand, is formulated and solved. The analysis of the effects of the fuel cell and the battery efficiency degradations demonstrated that there exists a minimum cost ratio that prevents the Energy Management System to adequately limit the batteries' depletion with the contribution of the Fuel Cell power. The overall control system does not require a prior knowledge of the trip information. Therefore, the real-time implementation of this system is realistic. Compared with a rule-based Energy Management System, the proposed optimal and real-time approach provides up to 5% of hydrogen saving whilst maintaining the Battery Pack energy close to the minimum prescribed energy. The high-power demand reduction and the depletion limitation enable the Energy Management System to preserve the batteries' life.