Garbage Dump Research Articles

Ecological Assessment of Soil Samples Around Refuse Dump Sites Within the Metropolis of Enugu State, Nigeria

This study looked at assessing the impact of solid wastes within Enugu metropolis on heavy metal concentrations and otherphysicochemical properties of soil samples from the site locations. Physicochemical analysis of the soil from the respectiverefusedump sites showed pH of 4.24, 6.3 and 5.87 respectively in the presence of the control experiment which maintained atpH of 7.6 throughout the experiment. Soil conductivity of the respective refuses ites within Enugu municipal showed a progressive increase of soil conductivity. Mineral contents were found in the following order: Cl>Ca>Mg>K>PO<sub>3</sub>. Heavy metals of Hg, As and Cd were found at below detectable limit range (BDL) in both the sampled soils from the respective refuse dumpsite andcontrol experiment. Cu, and Pb were significantly high in all the sampled soil from the dumpsites however, Cd was only detected in the soil sample from refuse dump III. Fe showed a progressive decrease across the dumpsites oil samples.

Waste management and disease spread potential: A case study of SARS-CoV-2 in garbage dumping sites in Bangkok and its vicinity

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals and households have used personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and gloves. Some of these potentially infectious materials were discarded with other household wastes in garbage dumping sites. Thus, this study aimed to detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in contaminated wastes, environments, and mammals scavenging around these sites. From September to October 2022, we visited three garbage dumping sites located in Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, and Nonthaburi provinces of Thailand. Oral, nasal, rectal swabs, and blood samples were collected from small mammals, stray dogs, and cats. Masks, gloves, soil, and water samples from the sites were additionally collected. Of the 582 samples collected from 238 animals, none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the virus isolation, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and neutralizing antibody detection. However, one sample (1.18 %; 1/85) from a rat (Rattus spp.) captured in Nonthaburi was serologically positive in the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The surveillance of coronaviruses in rats is strongly encouraged because rats may harbor different zoonotic pathogens, including unknown potentially zoonotic coronaviruses. Moreover, two face mask samples (4.65 %; 2/43) collected from the dumping site in Nakhon Pathom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. To reduce environmental contamination, detecting the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome in contaminated face masks highlights the critical need for proper waste management in households and communities in Thailand. Thus, to minimize exposure and prevent onward transmission, waste management personnel, including garbage dump staff and waste pickers, should be equipped with appropriate PPE and receive regular training on safe handling and disposal.

The refuse dump provides information that influences the foraging preferences of leaf‐cutting ants

Abstract The ability to respond to local stimuli individually and propagate information among colony members has allowed social organisms to generate collective responses. Leaf‐cutting ants are an excellent model to study this because, apart from exchanging information among groups assigned to different tasks (foragers, gardeners, and midden workers—ants working in refuse dumps), they also do so with their symbiotic fungus. Here, we tested the role of refuse dumps as an information centre influencing the foraging decisions of Acromyrmex lobicornis under field conditions. To simulate the presence of discarded resources, oat flakes were added to the refuse dumps of treated colonies, while the refuse dumps of controls remained untreated. After 24 h and for 6 weeks, we offered new clean oat flakes on the foraging trails simultaneously with cornflakes, another palatable resource that was never experienced by the ants on the dump. Although the oat flakes were suitable for the ants and harmless to the fungus, the acceptance index—a ratio of oat flakes foraged to total oat and cornflakes offered—decreased by 55% 24 h after the ants interacted with oat flakes in the refuse dump. After 6 weeks, the acceptance index recovered to levels that did not differ from initial values. Therefore, ants might use waste to obtain information about the suitability of resources found in foraging trails. We explore potential mechanisms underlying the transmission of information from refuse dumps to foraging trails, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of collective decision‐making in social insect colonies.

DESIGN OF LANDFILLS AND THE UTILIZATION OF WASTES AS SUSTAINABLE LINER MATERIALS: A MINI-REVIEW

Modern landfills, designed to minimize environmental and health risks, play a crucial role in solid waste disposal. Poorly managed municipal solid waste facilities have severe environmental consequences, prompting intervention and remediation. Landfill construction is not enough; regular maintenance is essential to prevent harm. Landfills' historical evolution reflects societal needs, technological advancements, and environmental awareness. The 20th century saw engineered landfills with practices like compaction, daily covering, and leachate collection. Despite progress in recycling and incineration, landfills remain dominant, posing challenges like methane emissions, leachate contamination, and land use. Research emphasizes integrating landfills with recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies for a sustainable future. Engineered landfills are advantageous over dumpsites, in terms of groundwater and air protection, odor control, energy generation, and job creation. Seismic analysis of landfills addresses deformation and seismic reactivity, emphasizing proper liner construction to reduce seismic impact. Leachate, a potential environmental hazard, requires careful management with effective liners to prevent groundwater and soil pollution. Various materials, including fly ash, paper mill sludge, waste foundry sand, recycled concrete aggregate, rice husk ash, and plastic waste, are reviewed for landfill liners. Research shows these materials can offer effective barriers, reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. Future studies should continue exploring alternative materials, considering factors like strength, hydraulic conductivity, and environmental protection.

COMBATING THE SILENT THREAT OF STREET TRADING RESULTING IN ILLEGAL DUMPING OF WASTE IN UGANDA

The Uganda government has taken legal and institutional measures (such as the Uganda constitution, National Environmental Act and the Climate Change Act) to ensure clean and healthy environment and resolving major environmental issues. However, the rate of street trading within the terrain of Uganda, has resulted in the illegal dumping of refuse. It suffices to state that illegal dumping of refuse could generate major environmental issues such as flood, soil pollution, water pollution, air pollution, and destruction of habitat. This study embarks on a hybrid method of study in examining the need to combat the threat of street trading associated with the illegal dumping of waste. 290 questionnaires were sent to respondents residing in the various regions of Uganda. The data obtained through the questionnaire was analyzed using a descriptive and analytical method of research. The study therefore found that, there are unchecked incidents of street trading which often result in illegal dumping of refuse. Furthermore, the continuous dumping of refuse as a result of street trading could result in severe environmental pollution. The study therefore concludes and recommends that for a sustainable environment free from any form of pollution, there is a need for the Uganda government to through institutional measures reinforce the laws against illegal dumping of refuse resulting from street trading.

Carbapenems and colistin resistance genes isolated in Musca domestica from a garbage dump near a hospital in Lima.

Motivation for the study. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from common flies is a potential public health hazard because it facilitates the presence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Main findings. Thirty-eight bacterial strains identified in 14 species were isolated from within the fly bodies, of which 31 strains showed resistance to carbapenems and 26 strains showed resistance to colistin. Seven bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance genes and one Escherichia coli strain had resistance to KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1. Implications. This is the first report of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria carried by common flies in Peru. The objective was to determine the presence of carbapenem resistance genes and plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1) in bacteria isolated from Musca domestica in a garbage dump near a hospital in Lima, Peru. Bacteria with phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics were isolated on CHROMagar mSuperCARBATM medium and colistin resistance profiling was performed using the colistin disk elution method. Detection of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaVIM and mcr-1 genes was performed by conventional PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined using the automated MicroScan system. We found that 31/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics and 26/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to colistin with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 4 µg/ml. Finally, we identified seven bacterial strains with carbapenem resistance genes (OXA-48 and KPC) and one bacterial strain with plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1). One Escherichia coli strain had three resistance genes: KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1.

Abundance and Parasitic Load of Housefly (Musca Domestica) in Amansea Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Houseflies (Musca domestica) are major transmitters of pathogenic organisms to humans worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the relative abundance of housefly and its parasitic load in four different sites in the Amansea area of Anambra state, Nigeria. The housefly samples were collected with the aid of fly trap and sweep net and analyzed using sedimentation methods. Data obtained was calculated and expressed as simple percentages while chi-square was used to test for differences in prevalence rates of parasites in the study areas. Out of the 259 houseflies examined, 74 were infested with a prevalence of 28.57%. Houseflies were more abundant in the abattoir 92(35.52) followed by market area 71(27.41%), refuse dump sites (19.69%) while holy family hostels recorded the lowest abundance (17.37) (P=0.000). Houseflies infested with parasites were mostly found in holy family hostel 31(68.89) while the market area had the least infested house flies 5(7.04%). Two protozoan parasites (Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli) and two nematodes (Strongyloides stercoralis and Ascaris lumbricoides) were the parasites seen from the microscopic examination of samples. E. histolytica (7.61%) and E. coli (5.43%) were the parasites seen in Abattoir while S. stercoralis (7.04%) was the only parasite in the market area. E. histolytica (17.78%) and A. lumbricoides (51.11%) were seen in holy family hostel while E. coli (11.76%), S. stercoralis (7.84%) and A. lumbricoides (31.37%) were the parasites recovered from the houseflies in the Refuse dump site. The infestation of houseflies in the area is a threat to human health due to their ability to act as mechanical vectors for transmission of infectious pathogens. Hence, proper disposal and prompt removal of waste by environmental officers should be prioritized in the area as well as mass education of the public on the health implications of poor hygiene and poor sanitary practices.

Absenting as a Repertoire of Action

This article draws on fieldwork in the West Bank (2007–2017) to understand how dispossession and ruination are not only spatialized, but engaged and remade. It examines experiences of a settler frontier in Faqu'a, a Palestinian village. People there have a visual vantage point onto the majority of the village lands, which have been expropriated by Israel. Following a demolition by Israel, Faqu'ans have transformed this frontier site from a place for home-building, first into a garbage dump and then, most recently, into a garden. Faqu'ans’ shifting engagements with this site reveal that edgeness, which seems to characterize this location, is not a naturally occurring status. Edges are made. Faqu'ans periodically adjust their proximity to Faqu'a's eastern edge. By examining different people's engagements with one site over a long duration, what the article calls “absenting” comes into view as a primary means by which people adjust proximity to an edge. Proximity can be temporal, spatial, and affective. Absenting is a particularly useful technique under conditions of extreme duress, such as those arising out of life on a frontier that seeks one's disappearance.

Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan Pasar dan Tingkat Kepadatan Lalat di Pasar Inpres Larantuka, Kecamatan Larantuka, Kabupaten Flores Timur

Market environment sanitation is an effort to monitor, prevent, control and control everything in the market environment such as flies. The density of flies can increase if the environment is dirty, for example markets that do not meet market environmental sanitation requirements such as rubbish dumps, waste water drainage channels and adequate water supplies. The aim of this research is to determine the description of environmental sanitation conditions and the density of flies at the Larantuka Inpres Market, Larantuka District, East Flores Regency. The type of research used is descriptive observation. The samples used in this research were all market sanitation facilities or facilities. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the results of the environmental sanitation conditions of the Larantuka Inpres Market based on the results of calculating the assessment variables on the external supervision observation sheet for environmental health inspections are categorized as not meeting the requirements for a healthy market (57.5%). The level of fly density at the Larantuka Inpres Market based on the results of measurements and calculations was obtained. 7 birds/blockgrill with a high density category of flies, it is necessary to secure the fly breeding places and if possible plan control measures. Therefore, it is necessary to collaborate between the government and local communities, including traders, market managers and district health services, to pay attention to the cleanliness of the market environment.

Prevalence and Factors Related to High Risk of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity among Japanese High School Students.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) onset in minors can greatly impact learning and future employment. This study investigated the prevalence of MCS and related factors in high school students to determine whether it was the same as in adults. A comprehensive survey was conducted on 80 high schools in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The survey incorporated the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory, as well as items related to allergies, the living environment, and lifestyle. Of the 4630 students analyzed, according to Hojo's cut-off value, 9.0% were classified as high-risk for MCS and 77.9% reported some allergy-like symptoms. Significant factors associated with elevated MCS risk included female sex, having various allergic conditions, having experienced living in a new home or home renovations or extensions, proximity to environmental stressors (freeways, national highway, factories, rubbish dumps, or sources of offensive odors), insufficient physical activity (exercising less than once a week outside of physical education classes), having cold hands and feet, being fatigued, having a bedtime earlier than 11 p.m., and having moderate-frequent subjective stress. Overall, 9.0% of high school students in Japan are at high risk for MCS. Enhancing awareness of MCS-like symptoms and addressing allergies, living environments, and lifestyle habits may mitigate these symptoms.

DIVERSITY OF MANGROVES AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS IN MANDANGISIAO ESTUARY, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES

The study aimed to assess the diversity status of mangroves and associates. Four transect lines were established perpendicular to the shoreline, ranging from 20 to 100 meters based on mangrove stand size. Along these transects, three 10 m × 10 m quadrat plots were set up to evaluate mangrove trees, and within each quadrat, a 2 m × 2 m regeneration plot was established. The study calculated the di-versity indices, such as relative frequency, relative density, and relative dominance to determine the species im-portance value. A total of four mangrove species and two associated plants were identified, representing three mangrove families and three genera, as well as three plant families and three genera for associated plants. The record-ed species included Avicennia marina, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Acanthus ebrac-teatus, and Acrostichum speciosum. The overall diversity value of the mangroves and associated plants was 0.87, indi-cating relatively low species richness. The true mangroves, Rhizophora mucronata exhibited the highest values for relative density (68.07%), while Nypa fruticans is the highest in terms of relative dominance (42.20%). Both have the same highest value in relative frequency (32.43%). All in all, the highest species importance value for true mangroves is Rhizophora mucronata with 126.23%. In associated plants, highest value of relative density and relative frequency belongs to Acanthus ebracteatus with 58% and 60%, respectively. Subsequently, the highest species importance value for associated plants is 118% for Acanthus ebracteatus. The study concluded that the Mandangisiao Estuary in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental has a limited species diversity, contrary to the initial hypothesis. Furthermore, the mangrove forest in the estuary faces potential threats from garbage dumping, tree cutting, boat mooring, and human encroachment, despite all the recorded species having a Least Concern conservation status.

Effects of the Decommissioning of a Garbage Dump on Solid Waste Management and Gravimetric Study in a Rural Community in Baianópolis, Bahia

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in solid waste management and to carry out a gravimetric study in the rural community of Tabua, in the municipality of Baianópolis-BA, following the decommissioning of a landfill site. Method: The methodology adopted for this research was divided into: a gravimetric study and the identification/analysis of irregular waste disposal points. The gravimetric study was carried out by quartering and separating the waste. The identification of irregular waste disposal points near the community was carried out over a distance of around 5 km on the BA430. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the community's per capita waste generation is 0.171 kg/inhabitant per day, with the gravimetric composition of the sample corresponding to: 34% glass, 28% organic, 22% reject, 11% plastic, 3% metal and 2% paper. The most representative specific weight was observed for organic waste, followed by glass and waste. Four irregular solid waste disposal points were found near the community of Tabua, developed and intensified after the sudden closure of the dump in 2022. Research Implications: This research has practical implications as it presents a diagnosis of poor waste management in a rural community, as well as proposing alternatives for more inclusive and comprehensive management. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing the generation and disposal of solid waste in rural areas, an issue that has been little discussed in the academic sphere and which is generating growing concern for the rural environment and for guaranteeing the health of the rural population.

Role of Rag Pickers in Solid Waste Management

Solid waste generation in India has increased tremendously in the last few decades due to increasing population and rapid economic development. Effective waste management plays an important role in solving the problems of a healthy environment. Although the formula of 3-R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is important for the safety of the environment, the role of waste pickers has always been central and important. Usually rag pickers earn their livelihood by collecting usable items from garbage dumps. Apart from this, there has been a lot of growth of solid waste in India due to Increasing population, rapid urbanization, insufficient knowledge of new techniques of workers working in waste management systems, and other factors continue to increase waste generation.Recently the Government of India has given a boost to this sector through Swachh Bharat abhiyan and as a result of this, solid waste management market in India is expected to grow CAGR of 7.5% during the period (2021-2026). Present study aims to identify role of rag pickers in solid waste management

Terrestrial wildlife as indicators of microplastic pollution in western Thailand.

Plastic pollution in terrestrial wildlife represents a new conservation challenge, with research in this area, especially within protected areas (PAs), being scant. This study documents the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial wildlife both inside and outside PAs in western Thailand. Carcasses of road-killed vertebrates in good condition, as well as live tadpoles, were collected to examine their exposure to plastic pollution. The digestive tracts of the vertebrate carcasses and the entire bodies of tadpoles were analyzed for MPs, which were identified if they measured over 50 µm. A total of 136 individuals from 48 vertebrate species were examined. The sample comprised snakes (44.12%), birds (11.03%), lizards (5.15%), tadpoles (32.25%), amphibians (5.88%), and mammals (1.47%). In total, 387 MPs were found in 44 species (91.67%), with an average occurrence of 3.25 ± 3.63 MPs per individual or 0.05 ± 0.08 MPs per gram of body weight. The quantities of MPs significantly varied among the animal groups, both in terms of number per individual (p < 0.05) and number per gram of body weight (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant difference in MP quantities was observed between specimens collected inside and outside PAs on an individual basis (p < 0.05), but not on a body weight basis (p = 0.07). Most MPs were fibers (77%), followed by fragments (22.22%), with only a minimal presence of film (0.52%) and foam (0.26%). Of all the MPs identified, 36.84% were confirmed as plastics or fibers made from natural materials, and 31.58% were plastics, including Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and polyester (PES). Additionally, fibers made of cotton, and those containing polyurethane (PU), rayon, PES, and combinations of rayon and PU, were identified. The quantities of MPs were significantly influenced by animal body weight, factors associated with human settlement/activity, and land use types. Our findings highlight the prevalence of plastic pollution in terrestrial vertebrates within Thai PAs. Further toxicological studies are required to establish plastic pollution standards. It is proposed that snakes, obtained from road kills, could serve as a non-invasive method for monitoring plastic pollution, thus acting as an indicator of the pollution threat to species within terrestrial ecosystems. There is an urgent need for the standardization of solid waste management at garbage dump sites in remote areas, especially within PAs. Conservation education focusing on MP occurrence, potential sources, and impacts could enhance awareness, thereby influencing changes in behaviors and attitudes toward plastic waste management at the household level.

Material agency in art installations: exploring the interplay of art, space, and materials in Detroit

Abstract. Decades of decline, disinvestment, and racism have left Detroit with an abundance of abandoned buildings, ruins, vacant lots, and illicit trash dumps. Though these structures and materials might have forfeited their previous purposes, they can act as catalysts, substances, and co-creators of artworks. The paper is thus interested in examining the intricate interplay between art, space, and materiality in Detroit further. Drawing from the practices of local artists Olayami Dabls and Scott Hocking, the paper adopts a new materialist framework to investigate the dynamic agency of matter in the artistic process. By considering materials as active participants in the production of art and space, the paper seeks to add to the emerging interest in the emancipation and meaning making of material in art as well as cultural geography's engagements with new materialism.

Adaptasi Masyarakat Terkait Pencemaran Air Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Ciangir Kecamatan Tamansari Kota Tasikmalaya

This research discusses community adaptation to water pollution around the Ciangir Waste Final Disposal Site (TPA), Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on community adaptation to water pollution. The research results show that the community around the Ciangir landfill has shown passive adaptation to the environmental pollution conditions that occur around them. Even though the quality of well water is affected by water pollution from the landfill, residents do not consume water from the landfill because they have access to clean wells. Water from the landfill is used only for agricultural irrigation purposes after going through a certain processing process. Apart from that, the research also found that licit water from the landfill was not significantly affected during heavy rain, but the river water around the landfill became cloudy due to the flow of rainwater which carried polluting particles. Residents around the Ciangir TPA only use water from the TPA for agricultural irrigation purposes, while for daily consumption needs, they prefer to use water from the clean wells they own. The local government does not pay adequate attention to waste management at the Ciangir landfill, which has the potential to increase the negative impact of water pollution around the landfill. The suggestion proposed is that the government immediately take steps to move the piles of rubbish to safer and more suitable empty land to reduce the impact of water pollution caused by the Ciangir landfill. In dealing with water pollution conditions around the Ciangir Waste Landfill, the community has adapted by using water from the landfill for agricultural irrigation.

‘Refuse Dump, Hurry Up!’: A Cognitive Onomastic and Cultural Metaphor Perspective of Nzema Death-Prevention Names

African personal names have communicative contents that reflect the experiences and expectations of the name-giver as well as the bearer. Death-prevention names, for instance, provide some assurance and security that are vital for a child’s survival, given the implicit assumption that certain spiritual forces are at work. The bestowal of despicable and ‘ugly’ names on children whose preceding siblings died shortly after birth is also a common practice among the Nzema, aiming at preventing succeeding children from death. This study examines cultural conceptions and metaphorical correlations in Nzema death-prevention names. Using 42 death-prevention names obtained through interviews, the study discusses the implications of the names and their metaphoric connections with the objects used to identify this category of people. The study reveals that features of entities such as ɛkpɔtɛ ‘vulture’, nrɛzenra ‘housefly’, kɛndɛne ‘basket’, and fovolɛ ‘refuse dump’ are attributed to these children to make them seem ‘unpleasant’ to the ancestral spirits who are believed to have been snatching them after birth. Other ‘long-lasting’ entities like nyevile ‘sea’, bolɛ ‘rock’, and kpɔma ‘walking stick’ are used metaphorically to refer to a child with the belief that they would survive right from birth and live long on the earth.

Preserving Ghana’s Water Resources: Insights from Communities Along Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site

Maintaining water resources in Ghana is crucial to the survival of its populace. It is commonly said, it is the “survival of the fittest”, but it is water that makes it possible for the fittest to survive. This study examined Ghanaians’ activities towards water resources by exploring the views of residents of Anyanui, Anloga and Tegbi along Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site. The study adopted the qualitative approach, narrative design and thematic analysis. In-depth face-to-face interviews with 15 residents, purposively and conveniently sampled from the three communities and observations in the Anloga District revealed that, there is a moderate environmental challenge to Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar site. Over exploitation of mangroves, the habit of open defecation, dumping of refuse in the enclave and poaching were revealed in the study. The study concludes that, advancing the protection and strategizing to achieve effective management of wetlands in Ghana is needed to ensure that ecosystem benefits inure to mankind. Based on this, the study recommends that, Traditional chiefs should be given the mandate and be tasked to ensure rules and regulations regarding Ramsar sites are well respected. Moreover, Wildlife Division/Forestry Commission needs to be more vibrant in ensuring that, wetlands are wisely used and protected. The study also recommends that, toilet facilities need to be provided along the banks of the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site

GERAKAN PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUMAN SECURITY DAN KONSEPSI ISLAM DI KELURAHAN TIRTA SIAK KOTA PEKANBARU

One of the causes of environmental damage is the presence of piles of rubbish which can cause flooding and ultimately disrupt human survival. In Pekanbaru City, there are areas that have quite worrying waste problems, namely RT 03, RW 05, Tirta Siak Village, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City. Almost every day rubbish can be seen scattered in residential areas. This describes the lack of public awareness and concern regarding the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness. The aim of this community service activity is firstly to provide knowledge of non-traditional threats, especially human security issue to residents of RT 03 RW 05, Tirta Siak Village, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City. Second, increase citizens' insight into Islamic conceptions of environmental cleanliness, and third, grow and increase citizens' awareness and concern in solving waste problems. Service activities start from the observation stage, carrying out counseling, recruiting volunteers, and monitoring. The result of this service activity is that residents' knowledge about the threat of environmental damage and good waste management techniques has increased. The increase in knowledge can be seen in the questionnaire results which reached 83%. Apart from that, residents' awareness and concern for environmental cleanliness is also starting to be seen from implementing the 4R concept in daily life and the formation of environmental care movement by carrying out routine mutual cooperation actions and monitoring the environment.

A new in situ magnetic method to indicate the source and seasonal diffusion of heavy metal contamination at Qingdao Beach, China

The accumulation of heavy metals from sewage and garbage dumping can seriously impact beach tourism and thus the local economy, but it is difficult to quickly and accurately determine the pollution location and source of heavy metals and clarify their diffusion range. This study investigates a new in situ magnetic testing method to address this issue. (1) The in situ method can be used to effectively and quickly evaluate heavy metal sources and diffusion ranges based on the distribution of κ values. (2) According to chemical experiments, the specific elements polluting a beach can be determined, such as the Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe pollution of Beach No. 3. (3) Although κ values for assessing heavy metal pollution on different beaches vary, metal pollution occurs when the higher κ value is more than 50 times the lower κ value on the same beach. (4) The κ values vary in different seasons due to the influence of natural factors and urban seasonal sewage policies.