Rubber Stamping Research Articles

Review and Analysis of Mechanical Cutting Tools for Rubber Stamping

Review and Analysis of Mechanical Cutting Tools for Rubber Stamping

Rubbish Printmaking

Rubber stamping, Tetra Pak print and kitchen sink lithography were some of the open-ended, exploratory processes, my inquisitiveness thrived upon during the printmaking MA at the University of the West of England. My curiosity always brought me back to exploring such techniques and material with no established orthodoxy or long tradition.
 On reflection, I believe the root of my practice was in part a response to the illustration/art history context in which I was first introduced to print. Art and technology were aligned; print was a commercial means to reproduce imagery. Slides of the technical accomplishments of master printmakers were projected each week, although inspiring they were also rather intimidating (how could we teenage students ever amount to such heights!) The philosophy of the Bauhaus-inspired books written by Peter Green, and published by Batsford, I found at the local library were more appealing and the printmaking within more attainable by comparison.
 During my MA second year along came Covid 19 and the lockdown. My printing practice was ideally suited to this new environment. I worked without a printing press, using pasta machines, spoons and rolling pins. Plastic 4-litre bottles instead of copper plates, cereal packets and coffee cups for collagraph print. Each outcome sparked further experiments.
 Whilst these experiments seemed outside the world of traditional print, they were, I reflected, informed by it. To create clear, readable print impressions I needed specific inks and paper. It required a knowledge of printing pressure in the pasta machine press for instance. Drypoint tools were purchased to create effective marks. There was a reciprocal relationship, in exploring print this way, it helped me to understand, and imbed traditional forms of printmaking. This alternative unorthodox form of print was my gateway into fully understanding and appreciating the field of printmaking.

DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF MIDDLE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN BY MEANS OF NONTRADITIONAL DRAWING TECHNIQUES

The purpose of the article is to highlight the influence of non-traditional drawing techniques on the development of fine motor skills of middle preschool age children. The paper provides a theoretical generalization of the problem of middle preschool age children’s fine motor skills. It was revealed that the movements of the fingers are closely related to speech activity, the speech improvement is in direct proportion to the degree of the fingers movements training. Mostly, the level of fine motor skills development determines success of the child’s development skills, such as: visual, constructive, labour, musical and performing skills, mastery of the native language and primary writing skills development. The approach to the development of hands’ fine motor skills in the process of visual activity with the help of non-traditional drawing techniques has been substantiated. Middle preschool age children were introduced to such techniques as: foam rubber stamping, rubber seals, wax crayons, candle and watercolor, hand drawing. Conditions are being created for the fine motor skills development while using various visual materials and new techniques that require precision of movements and do not limit child’s fingers to a fixed position. The features of diagnosing fine motor skills of middle preschool age children are revealed. The experimental study of non-traditional drawing techniques influence on the development of fine motor skills in middle preschool age children are performed. The data of experimental research was obtained. They allow us to conclude that the process of fine motor skills development of middle preschool age children is more successful if non-traditional drawing techniques are used.

US states lack resources to control pollution

Even as the Trump administration tries to shift more environmental protection responsibility from the federal to the state level, most US states lack the funding and personnel they need to fulfill their legal responsibilities to control pollution, says a report by a watchdog group that promotes environmental enforcement. This means that states with lean environmental agencies conduct fewer inspections and face backlogs—or engage in rubber stamping—of companies’ applications to release air and water pollution compared with agencies that have more robust resources, concludes a report by the Environmental Integrity Project. “State regulators are frequently overwhelmed with permit applications for new projects while serious violations of law continue to accumulate at existing facilities with no enforcement response,” the report says. This is especially true in states like Texas and Louisiana, which are experiencing rapid expansion of the petrochemical industry while their pollution control agencies have shrun...

Liable, but Not in Control? Ensuring Meaningful Human Agency in Automated Decision‐Making Systems

Automated decision making is becoming the norm across large parts of society, which raises interesting liability challenges when human control over technical systems becomes increasingly limited. This article defines “quasi‐automation” as inclusion of humans as a basic rubber‐stamping mechanism in an otherwise completely automated decision‐making system. Three cases of quasi‐automation are examined, where human agency in decision making is currently debatable: self‐driving cars, border searches based on passenger name records, and content moderation on social media. While there are specific regulatory mechanisms for purely automated decision making, these regulatory mechanisms do not apply if human beings are (rubber‐stamping) automated decisions. More broadly, most regulatory mechanisms follow a pattern of binary liability in attempting to regulate human or machine agency, rather than looking to regulate both. This results in regulatory gray areas where the regulatory mechanisms do not apply, harming human rights by preventing meaningful liability for socio‐technical decision making. The article concludes by proposing criteria to ensure meaningful agency when humans are included in automated decision‐making systems, and relates this to the ongoing debate on enabling human rights in Internet infrastructure.

Rubber Stamping: The Contingent Effect of Firm Prestige on Entrepreneurial Mobility

The antecedents of entrepreneurial mobility is an important line of inquiry in the study of entrepreneurship. Specifically, extant literature has focused on the role of the firm prominence, or stat...

ANALYSIS OF RUBBER FORMING PROCESS OF FIRE BARRIER FROM TITANIUM CP2 ALLOY FOR AW 139 HELICOPTER

This paper presents conditions of forming products from titanium sheets by means of rubber stamping method. After introducing the issues connected with these elements manufacturing for aviation industry, considering standards and legal regulations, technological problems occurring during forming deep stiffening ribs. The results in the characteristic curvatures and distortion in the final products were generated in the process heterogeneous internal stress state. The Authors aimed at explaining and presenting of solutions limiting occurrence of chosen shape faults, which disqualify these products application in aviation industry. The proposed solutions significantly reduced the incidence of these unfavorable phenomena. The modified method of rub ber stamping of firewall from titanium alloy CP-2 sheet was successfully implement ed in manufacturing conditions of PZL Swidnik.

Outsourcing the Islamic Way : A Look into the Challenges Faced by Financial Institutions

Fuelled by the growth of Islamic finance, banks and other financial institutions are increasingly seeking to outsource their non-core business functions. The benefits of outsourcing have already been well documented in literature and while it is good business sense to indulge in outsourcing when required, it becomes a matter of concern when it comes to outsourching Shariah compliancy. Although there is a great avenue for growth in outsourcing, the industry must be conscious of the risks involved. This article addresses the issues and challenges in outsourcing Shariah approval for banks that do not have their own Shariah advisory board. This unique perspective into outsourcing by Islamic banks divulges into the Shariah risks, governance issues and Shariah arbitraging. For instance, when dealing with consultancy firms that contract Shariah scholars, the issue of rubber stamping is created. This becomes a problem because in many cases these scholars are not held accountable for their actions as the board of directors would be, hence leading to a conflict of interest between Shariah scholars and banks. Furthermore, it is established that subsiding this risk can be done through a convergence of Shariah opinions and a greater need for collaboration between the private sector, the government and regulatory bodies is required.

Sink or Swim: Teachers’ Stress Coping Mechanisms in a South African School

This article explores the causes and nature of coping mechanisms designed to survive stress experienced during the implementation phase of the National Curriculum Statements (NCS) policy by teachers in South Africa. A discussion is presented of prior research documenting working conditions of teachers and other street-level bureaucrats in other countries. These analyses suggest that there is a dearth of literature on this topic in the African context. A mixed methods approach is used to explicate the emic teacher coping mechanisms that arise in the normalcy of everyday life. Insights are drawn from in-depth interviews (5), observation (65 days), survey (26) and 25 pages of detailed field notes, to explore the nature of coping mechanisms designed by teachers. The findings demonstrate that stress among teachers during NCS policy implementation emanate from scarcity of resources, goals and performance measures and relations with non-voluntary clients. In turn, teachers adopt coping mechanisms such as creaming, rubber stamping, referral, modifying the conception of work, private goal definition and withdrawal, which might affect the attainment of policy goals as teachers end up adapting the curriculum policy rather than implementing it as it is. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p698

The KGB (Russian Secret Police): Its composition, aims and methods

Any discussion of the Russian Secret Police, or KGB ('Committee for State Security') must of necessity be preceded by a brief outline of the USSR's true political set-up. There are two primary governing bodies in the Soviet Union: one is the Supreme Soviet and its Presidium - the other the Communist Party and its Central Committee and Politburo. Put into their proper perspective, this emerges: the Supreme Soviet, which appoints Ministerial staff and runs the USSR's 'government', is in fact no more than a rubber stamping body of men who see to it that the decisions of the Communist Party are duly ratified and implemented.To ensure that its directives are properly adhered to, and to prevent counter-revolutionary activity against the Party, the KGB controls the USSR security apparatus.

Current Trends in Shrinking the Channel Length of Organic Transistors Down to the Nanoscale

In this Review article, we highlighted current trends in shrinking the channel length of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) down to the nanoscale in three systems where sophisticated device fabrication has been integrated into the development of different electrodes with nanoscale gaps. The design principle is the combination of molecular design freedom and flexible molecular self-assembly with state-of-the-art device fabrication to realize organic field effect nano-transistors where molecular materials themselves behave as pivotal elements. Three different types of nanoscale electrodes are used for OFETs: metals, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and graphenes. These electrodes are made by e-beam lithography as well as other complementary methods (shadow deposition, underetching, nanoimprinting, rubber stamping, and microcontact printing).

Graphitization at interface between amorphous carbon and liquid gallium for fabricating large area graphene sheets

The authors have found that liquid gallium exhibits as a good graphitizing catalyst for a large area graphene sheet. While gallium and carbon are known to be an insoluble system, the authors have found that the catalytic reaction occurs at a very narrow interfacial region between amorphous carbon and liquid gallium. Amorphous carbon film was transformed into graphite layer composed of a few layers of graphene sheet. This thin graphene film can be easily transferred into silicon substrate through the intermediation of poly-dimethyl-siloxane rubber stamping.

Rubber Stamping for Plastic Electronics and Fiber Optics

Microcontact printing (μCP) is a low-cost technique for rubber stamping that combines the high spatial resolution of sophisticated forms of photolithography with capabilities (e.g., single-step patterning of large areas and nonplanar surfaces) that are not present in other approaches. μCP will be useful for applications where established methods are ineffective. Two areas are particularly promising: (1) plastic electronics, where the chemical incompatibility of the constituent materials with common photoresists and developers can preclude the use of photolithography, and where μCP with rotating cylindrical stamps forms an excellent match with the type of reel-to-reel processing that is envisioned for these systems; and (2) new classes of optical-fiber and microcapillarybased devices, where μCP allows highresolution (∼0.2 μm) circuits, photomasks, and actuators to be printed directly on the highly curved surfaces of cylinders with submillimeter diameters. This article describes some highlights of our work in these and related areas.

Creating whole life value proxemics in construction projects

AbstractWhole life value is introduced as a concept for evaluating construction projects, which extends beyond the more typical use of optimized (equilibrium) utility preferences. By linking value and sustainability the concept allows for the consideration of ‘price‐less’ evaluations within the construction project process. As an industry exposed perhaps more than any other to issues of public space and environmental impact, construction is being driven towards the use of complex, multi‐issue consultations with stakeholders within which whole life value can operate as a contextual limit. By investigating traditional cost–benefit analysis routes, and then what are called ‘aspects of sustainability’, an argument is advanced for these consultations to be ongoing rather than one‐off events. As such, they are to concern themselves with the framework of relationships (proxemics) by which distinct evaluations might be articulated and understood through the project process, rather than just how one arrives at a consensus of opinion. It is argued that the concept of value can only be applied fully to any project if consideration has been given to the ambience and context of stakeholder relations and attitudes as opposed to just the prevailing opinions. The virtue of such stakeholder involvement lies not in its ‘rubber stamping’ a separate process of activity, but in ensuring value is realized across asset life through a focus on attaining and sustaining conditions for the reflective articulation of need. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment

Paper-like electronic displays: large-area rubber-stamped plastic sheets of electronics and microencapsulated electrophoretic inks.

Electronic systems that use rugged lightweight plastics potentially offer attractive characteristics (low-cost processing, mechanical flexibility, large area coverage, etc.) that are not easily achieved with established silicon technologies. This paper summarizes work that demonstrates many of these characteristics in a realistic system: organic active matrix backplane circuits (256 transistors) for large ( approximately 5 x 5-inch) mechanically flexible sheets of electronic paper, an emerging type of display. The success of this effort relies on new or improved processing techniques and materials for plastic electronics, including methods for (i) rubber stamping (microcontact printing) high-resolution ( approximately 1 microm) circuits with low levels of defects and good registration over large areas, (ii) achieving low leakage with thin dielectrics deposited onto surfaces with relief, (iii) constructing high-performance organic transistors with bottom contact geometries, (iv) encapsulating these transistors, (v) depositing, in a repeatable way, organic semiconductors with uniform electrical characteristics over large areas, and (vi) low-temperature ( approximately 100 degrees C) annealing to increase the on/off ratios of the transistors and to improve the uniformity of their characteristics. The sophistication and flexibility of the patterning procedures, high level of integration on plastic substrates, large area coverage, and good performance of the transistors are all important features of this work. We successfully integrate these circuits with microencapsulated electrophoretic "inks" to form sheets of electronic paper.

Organic smart pixels and complementary inverter circuits formed on plastic substrates by casting and rubber stamping

This letter describes the characteristics of two organic electronic devices-monolithically integrated transistors and light emitting diodes (e.g. smart pixels), and complementary inverter circuits-that are fabricated on flexible plastic substrates with low cost, low-temperature casting and microcontact printing techniques. Both devices incorporate micron-sized features and have geometries and performance comparable to similar components produced with photolithographic techniques on rigid, inorganic supports.

Large Area, Rubber Stamped Plastic Circuits for Electronic Paper

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates the use of a high resolution form of rubber stamping, known as microcontact printing (μCP), for patterning plastic active matrix drive circuitry designed for electronic paper. The high resolution (∼1 [.mu]m) of the printed elements, the large area coverage (∼1 sq. ft.) and the good electrical performance of these systems suggest that the methods, materials and processing sequences may be attractive for realistic applications of plastic electronics.

The legislature in post‐communist Bulgaria

The Bulgarian legislature has emerged slowly from its legacy with the former Communist regime. Three distinct evolutionary periods are identified. November 1989 to June 1990 was characterised by a reformist Communist membership whose role was confined to the ‘rubber stamping’ of Communist Party measures. June 1990 to October 1991 witnessed a transitory legislative environment with an assertive opposition, a new constitution and a change in government personnel. Since October 1991 the third phase has been marked by ‘polarised pluralism’ in which a more active yet more divided legislature has witnessed a growing credibility gap with the electorate.

Controversy Over The National History Standards

oped. Although Lynne V. Cheney has in sisted repeatedly that they are the UCLA Standards, nothing could be further from the truth. Teachers and scholars from all over the country participated in the creation of the books, and over thirty professional organizations, including the OAH, held one or two weekend meetings for focus groups to vet the various drafts through which the standards passed. Serving as a nexus for all this creative and reviewing activity was the National Council for History Standards com posed of twenty-nine members and headed by the directors of the National Center for History in the Schools which is based at UCLA. The council acted as both a sounding board and gatekeeper for the developing of the standards. Meeting several times a year, members got together frequently enough to be well informed of their progress, yet far enough away from the day-to-day workings of the contributing groups to require formal presentations at each of its meetings. This had two advantages: it insured a good deal more council oversight than rubber stamp ing; and it provided the creators of the standards with regular occasions for casting into formal presentations exactly what they were doing at the time. As you would expect, a group com posed of precollegiate teachers, history pro fessors, and professional administrators had many diverging points of view to present. Deciding on the proper periodization con sumed much of the council's time, as well it might when questions of emphasis, inclu sion, and interpretation get packaged into whether to start the United States Standards before Columbus, at 1492, or at 1607! But the mix of the council proved synergistic. Primary and secondary teachers brought hands-on teach ing experience to the deliberations, and the historians drew upon their research and writing to suggest and debate conceptual themes. Inter estingly enough, when there were strong differ ences of opinion, the disputants did not divide along the occupational axis of K through 12 and higher education. The hottest issue confronting the coun cil came when one of the reviewing groups, the American Historical Association, ex pressed the strong opinion that western civi lization should not be privileged in the presentation of historical criteria?the fif teen historical criteria that were to undergird the structure and approach of the history standards. Opponents of this position stressed the particular grounding of American stu dents in institutions of European origin. Since some schools have not yet developed world history courses and others resist its displacing western civilization, debates drew out the passionate convictions of council members, many of whom argued vigorously for a fresh approach to the history of the world which would highlight interactions, differences, and commonalities uncolored by the more traditional rise of the West orientation. Through several meetings it became clear that some members continued

Regional Review Boards of Ontario: a medico-legal review.

The functioning of the Regional Review Boards of Ontario (RRB) or their equivalents in other provinces has not been previously reviewed. This study reviews socio-demographic and clinical data of 248 patients seen between 1974 and 1983 by the RRB. The RRB heard 132 applications as 116 were withdrawn. The results are compared with 173 matched inpatient controls. Applications by psychiatrists were infrequently withdrawn or revoked. Long delays between the time of application and the hearing, and a trend towards increasing numbers of applications were noted. Schizophrenia and affective disorder were the most prevalent diagnosis with alcohol abuse and organic brain syndrome being less common among applicants. An increase in duration of stay and transfer to chronic care institutions were found among applicants. Results suggest that RRB's are not 'rubber stamping bodies' and should be more readily available and should have increased public accountability. Future changes to the Mental Health Act should be based on scientific data.