Rubber Production Research Articles

Towards Sustainable Downstream Production: Upstream Innovation and Business Model Development for Low-Graded Ribbed Smoked Sheet Natural Rubber in Thailand

Objective: This study from Thailand examined business model development to help transform low-graded ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) rubber into cow shoe production targeting dairy farming. With the Industry 4.0 concept of the knowledge-based economy in the central focus, the research objective was to examine both the supply and demand sides for developing a practical knowledge-based cow shoe business model. Methods: This qualitative research adopted the concepts of knowledge-based entrepreneurship (KBE) and Osterwalder's business model canvas to guide the investigative design. It used documentary analysis, in-depth interviews, and a focus group discussion as the data collection instruments. The data analysis technique was a generic interpretive approach allowing the researchers to analyze the data by constructing codes, categories, and result conceptualization based on the underpinning conceptions of KBE and the business model canvas. Results: This study confirmed cow shoe production as a potential downstream business for rubber production in Thailand with the possibility of KBE characterization of innovation, growth, and competitive advantage. Cow shoes could be sold throughout the year for cattle nourishing routines to ease the pain from hoof and claw trimming. Critical success factors for KBE development in this business included creating production technology transfer networks, promoting financial and knowledge support from rubber promotional authorities and regional universities, and developing a sustainable ecosystem for rubber production to be linked in the value chain with rubber biofuel and cattle farming industries. Conclusion: Considering that innovative rubber production was often suggested at the policymaking level, this paper has filled the knowledge gap by delivering a novel practical framework, supported by empirical evidence, to promote KBE in cow shoe business development as a sustainable downstream business.

Development, Characterisation, and Performance Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plants for Faecal Sludge Treatment in Ghana

The search for alternative solutions for sustainable management of faecal sludge in the area of dewatering with biocoagulants/bioflocculants remains unfulfilled. Some available and accessible indigenous plants in the northern part of Ghana have been characterised and subsequently evaluated in their suitability for use as biocoagulant/bioflocculants. The Yila (Crossopteryx febrifuga) and the Voulo (Grewia mollis) plants were the indigenous plants used in this study. Three applications from the Yila wooden stem, the Yila bark, and the Voulo at different treatment concentrations with faecal sludge were monitored. The Yila wooden stem gave a potential of pollutant removal up to about 83.99%, 93.79%, and 91.54% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and turbidity, respectively. Application of the Yila bark gave a respective removal efficiency of up to about 77.39%, 82.02%, and 54.60% for COD, TSS, and turbidity. The efficiency of the Voulo plant obtained for COD, TSS, and turbidity was up to about 80.43%, 86.83%, and 72.55%, respectively. No cyanogenic or toxic compounds were identified in the characterised raw materials used for this study. The study has revealed the potential of producing biocoagulants that can perform as effectively as synthetic/chemical coagulants using locally natural raw materials but the use of it at large scale will only be applicable for batch or semi-batch systems. Some interesting constituents identified in the plants under consideration, such as trialkyl bismuthine and furan derivative, can open up opportunities to elucidate the potential applications of these identified plants in the areas of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, glass and ceramics, rubber production, and other applicable medicinal advantageous areas.

Uncovering the energy-carbon-water footprint of waste rubber recycling: Integrated environmental and economic perspectives

The commitment to waste management has gained increasing momentum as global waste generation continues to skyrocket and threaten the environment. However, detailed assessments and clear insights remain absent to address the global waste utilization conundrum. This study evaluated the impact-oriented energy, carbon, and water (ECW) footprints of three typical scenarios for a waste recycling activity (i.e., waste rubber recycling) from environmental and economic dimensions, and explored key factors, nexus characteristics, and optimization measures. Results indicated that the rubber powder as an asphalt modifier scenario had a 93% greater environmental impact and 87% higher economic cost compared with the pyrolysis and reclaimed rubber production scenarios. Key processes, such as direct processes, electricity generation, and transportation, were identified as the major contributors to the ECW footprints, with the internal costs of raw materials, equipment, and taxes coupled with the external costs of human health dominating the economic impact. The nexus analysis results highlighted the urgent need to optimize the energy system for waste rubber recycling. Greening the production process revealed the benefits, with natural additives mitigating 85% of the environmental burden and 97% of the external costs compared with conventional additives. Industrial green microgrids, clean energy generation, proximity waste management, and electrified transportation were explored to foster sustainable optimization of waste rubber recycling systems. Moreover, a joint tax-subsidy mechanism for rubber production-recycling systems can stimulate recycling-oriented product design and increase the motivation to recycle waste rubber.

PENERAPAN MODEL ECM: ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI KARET JAMBI PERIODE 2000-2021

Rubber is a type of plantation commodity that is part of the leading export commodity and generates a lot of profit for Indonesia's foreign exchange. One of the largest rubber producing centers in Indonesia is Jambi. However, the production of rubber in Jambi has fluctuated. Meanwhile, the potential size of the rubber trade market is very high. So it is feared that rubber production cannot keep up with the fulfillment of the domestic market and the international level. Then the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect both the long term and the short term on rubber production in Jambi as a determinant of a more appropriate policy to enable an increase in its production. The method used in this research is Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) with the research period starting from 2000 to 2021. Based on the results of the research conducted, in the long term the variable of planting area and the number of superior seeds has a significant effect on rubber production in Jambi while the variable number of rubber farmers is not significant in influencing rubber production. Meanwhile, in the short term, only the variable number of rubber farmers has a significant effect on rubber production, while the variables of planting area and number of seeds are not significant in influencing rubber production.

Genome-Wide Analysis of SPL Gene Families Illuminate the Evolution Patterns in Three Rubber-Producing Plants

Transcription factors SQUAMOSA Promoter-binding Protein-like (SPL) play a crucial role in regulating plant response to stress, root development, and flower production. However, analysis of SPL gene families in the three rubber-producing plants Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Hevea brasiliensis, and Eucommia ulmoides, renowned for their natural rubber production, has not yet been conducted. In this study, we utilized reference genomes to perform genome-wide analysis, and obtained new insights on the evolution of SPL gene families in these three rubber-producing plants. Our results revealed the following: (1) T. kok-saghyz, H. brasiliensis, and E. ulmoides harbored 25, 16, and 13 SPL genes, respectively, containing conserved structural domains of SBP. (2) A phylogenetic analysis categorized 90 SPL proteins from 25 TkSPLs, 16 HbSPLs, 13 EuSPLs, 17 AtSPLs, and 19 OsSPLs into eight groups. (3) Analysis of cis-acting elements demonstrated that the promoters of EuSPLs contained a significant number of light response elements, hormone regulatory elements, and stress response elements. (4) Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the EuSPL8 gene had strong expression in bark, as well as TkSPL4 and TkSPL8 exhibit high expression levels specifically in roots and latex. This study provides valuable insights into the biological functions of the SPL gene family in the three rubber plants and might serve as a reference for identifying efficient genes.

Indirect Electrocatalysis S─N/S─S Bond Construction by Robust Polyoxometalate Based Foams.

Indirect electrocatalytic conversion of cheap organic raw materials via the activation of S─H and N─H bonds into the value-added S─N/S─S bonds chemicals for industrial rubber production is a promising strategy to realize the atomic economic reaction, during which the kinetic inhibition that is associated with the electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface in traditional direct electrocatalysis can be eliminated to achieve higher performance. In this work, a series of di-copper-substituted phosphotungstatebased foams (PW10 Cu2 @CMC) are fabricated with tunable loadings (17 to 44wt%), which can be successfully applied in indirect electrocatalytic syntheses of sulfenamides and disulfides. Specifically, the optimal PW10 Cu2 @CMC (44wt%) exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the construction of S─N/S─S bonds (yields up to 99%) coupling with the efficient production of H2 (≈50µmolg-1 h-1 ). Remarkably, it enables the scale-up production (≈14.4g in a batch experiment) and the obtained products can serve as rubber vulcanization accelerators with superior properties to traditional industrial rubber additives in real industrial processes. This powerful catalysis system that can simultaneously produce rubber vulcanization accelerator and H2 may inaugurate a new electrocatalytic avenue to explore polyoxometalate-based foam catalysts in electrocatalysis field.

A review of low-frequency latex harvesting systems that lessen the tapper shortage problem of the smallholders' natural rubber production

Smallholders' rubber production is encountering problems of skilled tapper shortage and high production costs resulting from increased worker wages and the substantial growth of new mature areas. Low-frequency latex harvesting system (LFLHS) effectively improves tapper productivity with long-term optimum yield by reducing the tapper requirement. LFLHS reduces tapper requirement by 33% to 67% of the conventional harvesting systems. Under the d3 (tapping every three days) frequency harvesting system, a tapper is assigned to cover three tasks, and his productivity is at least 30% higher than that of the d2 (alternative daily) frequency harvesting system. The cumulative yield of LFLHS is comparable to that of d2 frequency. It is economically profitable when the cumulative yield of LFLHS reaches 90% of the d2 frequency tapping as a break-even yield. Its low number of tapper requirement and high productivity saves tapping cost. 20% to 55% of tapping cost can be reduced by shifting the harvesting frequency from d2 to d3. The virgin bark of basal panels could be tapped at least four to ten years more than conventional tapping systems. The low bark consumption allows sufficient time for the regeneration of bark tissues resulting in a potentially higher yield from the renewed bark. Thus, sustainable economic yield is achievable for a productive lifespan of 30 to 35 years from the LFLHS. These advantages of LFLHS contribute to reducing the tapper requirement and cost of production, ensuring increased profits and a longer economic lifespan of rubber production.Keywords: Latex harvesting system, Tapper requirement, Tapper productivity, Tapping cost

Genomic insight into domestication of rubber tree

Understanding the genetic basis of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) domestication is crucial for further improving natural rubber production to meet its increasing demand worldwide. Here we provide a high-quality H. brasiliensis genome assembly (1.58 Gb, contig N50 of 11.21 megabases), present a map of genome variations by resequencing 335 accessions and reveal domestication-related molecular signals and a major domestication trait, the higher number of laticifer rings. We further show that HbPSK5, encoding the small-peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK), is a key domestication gene and closely correlated with the major domestication trait. The transcriptional activation of HbPSK5 by myelocytomatosis (MYC) members links PSK signaling to jasmonates in regulating the laticifer differentiation in rubber tree. Heterologous overexpression of HbPSK5 in Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) can increase rubber content by promoting laticifer formation. Our results provide an insight into target genes for improving rubber tree and accelerating the domestication of other rubber-producing plants.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KUALITAS GETAH KARET TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET

Climate change which includes increasing air and sea surface temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can harm the rubber plantation agricultural sector, by maintaining good rubber latex quality and optimizing rubber production, farmers can increase their income in the face of climate change that can affect agriculture, including rubber plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climate change and the quality of rubber latex on the income of rubber farmers. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). This study uses primary data sources from questionnaires regarding climate change and the quality of rubber latex on the income of rubber farmers. This study set a target population of 500 rubber farmers with a sample of 83 rubber farmers. The results of the study prove that partial (1) Climate Change (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the income of Rubber Farmers' Income (Y) the P Values are 0.000 <0.05 so that H1 is accepted; (2) Rubber latex quality (X2) has a positive and significant effect on rubber farmers' income (Y). P values of 0.000 <0.05 H2 are accepted; (3) Climate Change and Rubber Sap Quality at (Y) Rubber Farmer Income 73.9%

Social Sustainability of Raw Rubber Production: A Supply Chain Analysis under Sri Lankan Scenario

Raw rubber production is the sole foundation for the rubber product industry, rendering raw rubber to manufacture essential commodities to mankind, such as tires, condoms, surgical gloves, and so forth. Raw rubber production involves various stakeholders; however, literature focusing on the social impacts of the supply chains of raw rubber production has hereto been absent. Social life cycle assessment, a popular tool to assess the social impacts of a product or process and was deployed herein to assess the social profiles of three Sri Lankan raw rubber supply chains (crepe rubber, concentrated latex, and ribbed smoked sheets) in a cradle-to-gate manner. The Social Hotspots Database v4 on Sima Pro v9.3 was used for the analysis. Results indicated that Governance, Labour rights & decent work had been affected due to Corruption and Freedom of association & collective bargaining issues, mainly in Belarus and China. Proposed improvement options to address these touchpoints were found to be effective. If the importation of K-fertilizer shifted into countries with lower risks, such as Canada, Israel, and Lithuania, overall social risks associated with Corruption and Freedom of association & collective bargaining could be reduced by ca. 36% and 25%, respectively. As a result, social risks in the impact described above categories, i.e., Governance and Labor rights & decent work, were reduced by ca. 35–41% and ca. 17–20%, respectively. Managers may pay thorough attention to the hotspots identified herein in the first place and try to avoid them as much as possible. They may consider importation from the aforesaid low-risk countries while weighing the trade-offs with economic and environmental aspects.

Investigate the anaerobic degradation of high-acetone latex wastewater with magnetite supplement

This study evaluated the effects of acetone on the anaerobic degradation of synthetic latex wastewater, which was simulated from the wastewater of the deproteinized natural rubber production process, including latex, acetate, propionate, and acetone as the main carbon sources, at a batch scale in 5 cycles of a total of 60 days. Fe3O4 was applied to accelerate the treatment performance from cycle 3. Acetone was added in concentration ranges of 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%-included latex, and 0.15%-free latex (w/v). In the Fe3O4-free cycles, for latex-added vials, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was removed at 43.20%, 43.20%, and 12.65%, corresponding to the input acetone concentrations varying from 0.05% to 0.15%, indicating the interference of acetone for COD reduction. After adding Fe3O4, all flasks reported a significant increase in COD removal efficiency, especially for acetone-only and latex-only vials, from 36.9% to 14.30%–42.95% and 83.20%, respectively. Other highlighted results of COD balance showed that Fe3O4 involvement improved the degradation process of acetate, propionate, acetone, and the other COD parts, including the intermediate products of latex reduction. Besides, during the whole batch process, the order of reduction priority of the carbon sources in the synthetic wastewater was acetate, propionate and acetone. We also found that the acetate concentration appeared to be strongly related to reducing other carbon sources in natural rubber wastewater. Microbial community analysis revealed that protein-degrading bacteria Bacteroidetes vadinHA17 and Proteinniphilum and methylotrophic methanogens might play key roles in treating simulated deproteinized-natural-rubber wastewater.

Peramalan Produksi Kelapa Sawit dan Karet di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

In Indonesia, the plantation sub-sector has an important role in increasing state revenue through the exports of its products, besides the mining and gas sector. The most widely produced plantation crops in Indonesia are oil palm and rubber and South Kalimantan is one of the top 10 provinces in Indonesia with oil palm plantations. This study aims to detect the correct forecasting model for data on oil palm crops and rubber production in South Kalimantan Province and to analyse the forecasting results for oil palm crops and rubber in South Kalimantan Province using the double exponential smoothing method. This research was conducted for 8 months (March 2022 to December 2022), using observational data from 2001 to 2021. Double Exponential Smoothing Holt was used in this study by looking at the error value obtained with the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). For palm oil production, the parameters α=0.8 and β=0.6 were the best parameters with a MAPE value of 8.05% and resulted in the forecasting of oil palm crops production in 2022 not increasing, in 2023 and 2024 experiencing an increase of 1%. As for forecasting rubber production, the parameters α=0.9 and β=0.9 are the best parameters with a MAPE value of 5.45% and forecasting rubber production in 2022 will increase by 1%, in 2023 and 2024 by 2%.

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ISOPRENE FROM CYCLOPENTADIENE

Isoprene is a basic monomer in the petrochemical industry. It is used in the synthetic rubber production for the manufacture of rubber products for the electrical, aviation and engineering industries, for the manufacture of food and medical products. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sintez-Kauchuk OJSC (Sterlitamak) produces isoprene by the two-stage dehydrogenation of isopentane with an annual product output of hundreds of thousands of tons. The disadvantage of this technology for producing isoprene is the significant content of impurities in raw isoprene, which seriously affect the kinetics of polymerization and the quality of the final product. Of all the impurities present in the monomer, cyclopentadiene is the most detrimental to the stereoregular polymerization process. Its content in isoprene should not exceed 0.0001 % wt. Due to the urgency of the problem, a technical solution was developed to remove cyclopentadiene impurities from monomers.Currently, there is a problem of accumulation of cyclopentadiene in the system of purification and treatment of isoprene at the operating production. The paper proposes to purify isoprene from cyclopentadiene before the stage of extractive distillation. This purification method allows to reduce the content of cyclopentadiene in the isoprene-isoamylene fraction from 0.10 % wt. to 0.00014 % wt, which reduces its concentration in all recycle flows of the isoprene isolation and purification system. To implement this solution, laboratory experiments were carried out to purify the isoamylene-isoprene fraction formed at the second stage of isopentane dehydrogenation. In order to assess the energy efficiency of the studied method for reducing cyclopentadiene, a computer model of the isoprene isolation and purification process was built in the Honeywell Unisim Design software environment.

Cancro Hematopoiético associado ao Trabalho

Introduction/framework/objectives Hematopoietic oncological pathologies may be associated with some work conditions. The bibliography on the subject is not very exhaustive and, therefore, the associated knowledge is not very developed among professionals in the area and/or workers/managers/employers. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent and relevant publications on the subject. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content In the work environment, the most relevant chemical agents in relation to leukemia are benzene, tetrachlorethylene, styrene, chlorophenols, aromatic amines, creosote, chromium, arsenic, ethylene oxide, asbestos, antineoplastic agents and pesticides. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has identified more than one hundred chemical carcinogens and, of these, about a quarter increase the risk of leukemia and lymphoma. This entity classifies butadiene and formaldehyde (used in the plastic, rubber and textile production industry, for example) as included in group 1, that is, carcinogenic to humans; she further published that benzene, ethylene oxide, some pesticides and formaldehyde as probably linked to leukemia (group 2a); as well as some types of radiation. This institution highlighted the existence of a greater hematopoietic risk related to professional activities associated with shipbuilding, footwear and rubber production, although the conclusions are not consensual among researchers. In turn, chimney sweeping work has been shown to be associated with all types of hematopoietic cancer. Discussion and Conclusions There are some risk factors with suspected or proven association with the etiology of some hematopoietic oncological pathologies. It is essential that professionals in the sector acquire a minimum of knowledge regarding what the scarce bibliography describes, so that it is possible to plan collective and individual protection measures that manage to mitigate the risk. It would also be interesting if some occupational health and safety teams, working in institutions with workers exposed to these working conditions, were able to investigate the topic, releasing innovative and/or more complete data to the bibliography than what is currently published. KEYWORDS: hematopoietic cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, occupational health and occupational medicine.

Strategic revamping of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) production system: Implications for livelihood sustainability in Delta state, Nigeria

Rubber industry in Nigeria is a source of livelihood to many people (producers and marketers)but a recent trend shows a fast disappearing rubber industry. The economic risks associated with disappearing rubber plantations is a serious challenge to individuals and societies as the natural, social and economic benefits of the industry are gradually eroded. Revamping the rubber plantation will restore and sustain the livelihood of the stakeholders in the industry. This study therefore examined the strategic revamping of the disappearing rubber industry and implications for livelihood sustainability in Delta State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 480 respondents for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Collected data were analyzed with parametric and non- parametric statistical tools. Such as mean percentage, standard deviation, frequency distribution table. Logit regression model was used to analyze the factors that influence farmers’ probability to revamp natural rubber production. The finding shows that majority of the rubber farmers (85.38%) were old (51 – 70 years), cultivated between 0.5 and 1.0 hectares (small-scale production with large family size (above 5 persons) About 76.70% of rubber farmers expressed willingness to revamp rubber plantations. Identified livelihood capitals could significantly enhance the possibility of revamping rubber production system. Subsidizing the cost of relevant inputs (seedlings), discovery of foreign markets for rubber and large scale acquisition of land by corporate organization for rubber farming were the significant strategies identified and recommended for revamping rubber industry in Delta state, Nigeria. This study has expanded the frontier of literature on rubber by emphasizing that revamping rubber production has implications for livelihood sustainability for rubber farmers and marketers in Nigeria.

Cultivating inequality? Regional rubber dynamics and implications for voluntary sustainability programs in Lao PDR

The Southeast Asian rubber boom beginning in the early 2000′s shaped a myriad of socioeconomic and environmental consequences, including deforestation, ecosystem impacts, shifts in community livelihoods, and altered local access to land and resources. Although there has been significant research assessing rubber production in this region, there has been less focus on economic inequality and polarization outcomes in rubber producing areas. This analysis explores the extent to which rubber production growth was associated with changes in rural economic inequality and polarization from 2007/08 to 2012/13, using Lao PDR as a case study. We also investigate the implications of these changes for voluntary sustainability programs focused on rubber production. We achieve this through a synthesis of land-use change and economic data. First, we estimate rubber plantation extent based on Landsat time series data and supervised classification. We combine this with household expenditures data from the Laos Expenditure and Consumption Survey from 2007/08 to 2012/13, conducting Gini decomposition and Duclos Esteban Ray Index calculations to explore economic inequality and polarization in rubber and non-rubber producing areas. Our results indicate that rubber areas experience greater inequality and polarization compared to non-rubber areas. The Northern, Central, and Southern regions experience different economic inequality and polarization outcomes – inequality-enhancing effects appear to be greatest in the South, where large-scale concessions dominate rubber production. We assess the implications of our findings for voluntary rubber sustainability programs, arguing that these programs should address systemic drivers of inequality and polarization, including dispossession from land and forest resources, insufficient worker protections, livelihood vulnerability, and barriers for smallholders. Overall, our results underscore the importance of strong regulation, multi-stakeholder action, and environmental and social performance criteria in rubber production.

Back to the 'roots' of research: a hypothesis-driven approach provides predictive understanding of plant-herbivore-microbe interactions.

This article is a Commentary on Böttner et al. (2023), 239: 1475–1489.

Study of Five Clones with Combinations of Growth Regulators Based on Growth and Anatomical Characteristics of Rubber Plant (Hevea brasiliensis L.)

As an export commodity, rubber is a major contributor to Indonesia's foreign exchange. Regarding the increase in rubber production, a study on combinations of growth regulators and rubber clones has been carried out based on plant growth and anatomical characteristics during the immature plant period. This research is conducted for eighteen months at the KSO Karang Inong plantations, PTPN-I, and PTPN-III, East Aceh District, using five clones. This study adopts a nested design with three factors: clones, Growth Regulators (GRs), and paclobutrazol. The clones used are PB 260, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 39, and 105. The GRs combination factor between IAA and Kinetin consists of seven levels and three levels of paclobutrazol. The results show that the rubber clones PB260 and IRR105 give higher stem girth and plant height than the other clones when applied with GRs at six different levels. The most expansive leaf area is found in clone IRR 104 compared to other clones. In addition, paclobutrazol affects plant height. Applying paclobutrazol can reduce plant height for all clones but increases stem girth, skin thickness, number and diameter of latex vessels, and total chlorophyll at 46 months after treatment.

Pengaruh Ba’i Sawit Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Kecamatan Kuta Makmur Kabupaten Aceh Utara

This study was conducted in Indonesia and aimed to examine the effect of rubber production, the dollar exchange rate, and inflation on rubber exports. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression. The results showed that rubber production and inflation positively and significantly influenced rubber exports, while the dollar exchange rate negatively and significantly influenced rubber exports. Simultaneously, rubber production, the dollar exchange rate, and inflation positively and significantly influenced rubber exports in Indonesia, and the magnitude (R^2) of the effect of the amount of production, dollar exchange rate, and inflation on rubber exports was 0.5979 (59.79%)

DAMPAK PERUSAHAAN BATUBARA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DAN EKONOMI LOKAL MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KECAMATAN PADANG BATUNG DAN KECAMATAN SUNGAI RAYA KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Coal mining activities are long-term activities, involve high technology and are capital intensive. Mining activities cause potential changes in the income of people who work as rubber farmers due to damage to the landscape and land conversion that affect rubber production. The research aims to analyze the impact of coal companies on the environment and the local economy of the people around Padang Batung sub-district and Sungai Raya sub-district, Hulu Sungai Selatan district, South Kalimantan. This research was conducted in Hulu Sungai Selatan District, Padang Batung District and Sungai Raya District which included 3 villages namely Malutu Village, Ida Manggala Village and Batang Kulur Kiri Village. Analysis of the impact of coal mining is carried out on 2 parameters, namely environmental and economic parameters. The environmental components that are of concern to the community at the study site are air quality degradation (increased dust), river water pollution, increased noise, emissions from heavy equipment and transport exhaust gases and waste water. Coal mining activities in the Padang Batung District and Sungai Raya District are able to have a positive economic impact on local communities with a multiplier effect value of 1.01 in 2021. The direct economic impact of coal mining activities is Rp. 4,336,921,464, indirect economic impact of Rp. 1,132,608,000 and the economic impact is Rp. 714,468,000.