Rubber Hose Research Articles

Higher Adhesion Strength Over 10 N/mm Between Rubber and Fluoropolymer Film When Treated by Atmospheric Plasma-Graft Polymerization

An evaluation of the adhesion between rubber and fluoropolymer films treated by atmospheric plasma-graft polymerization is conducted to realize a low-permeation fuel rubber hose covered with fluoropolymer. The low-permeation fuel rubber hose is important for reducing vehicular evaporative emissions. Although fluoropolymers have extremely low permeability for fuel, it is difficult to bond them with other materials, such as rubber, because of their low adhesive properties. Plasma surface modification has been investigated to improve the adhesive properties of fluoropolymers. However, it is difficult to realize effective and permanent surface treatment using plasma alone. Based on the new and effective combined plasma surface-modification technique for fluoropolymer films, we previously proposed an atmospheric-pressure plasma method followed by graft polymerization of hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = CHCOOH). In this study, three types of rubber, isobutylene isoprene rubber (IIR), ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM), as well as white-colored ethylene acrylic elastomer (white AEM), and two types of fluoropolymer films, denatured PFA-1 and denatured PFA-2, were prepared. The treated fluoropolymer film and rubber were adhered using vulcanized adhesion, and then the 180° peeling strength test was conducted. The results show that an average peeling strength of 12.6 N/mm and a maximum peeling strength of 15.3 N/mm, which are over 10 N/mm, are attained for the sample of vulcanized bonding of the treated denatured PFA-1 and AEM.

CULTIVATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM IN A FOIL TUNNEL

The foil tunnel crop control system presented in this article operates an irrigation system and a system that regulates air temperature and humidity. The irrigation system consists of solenoid valves, supplying water to a tunnel area divided into four zones. This allows four different types of plants to be grown. The system uses rainwater, collected in a reservoir when it is available. The water is delivered to the plants via by means of rubber hoses with holes. Thanks to this solution, the water is fed directly under the plant. The executive elements of the control system temperature and humidity are a motor and a fan. The motor opens the window when the measured parameters exceed the set value. If the humidity of the air is too high the fan is switched on, accelerating the air exchange. The system has an anemometer, the purpose of which is to measure and report dangerously strong winds. When the wind speed exceeds a critical value, the microcontroller forces the windows to be closed to protect the tunnel. The system also has a display, showing values of measured parameters and setpoints, as well as buttons to view them and change the expected value. An alarm is attached to the system. It is activated when the microcontroller registers a parameter value that is impossible to achieve under the tunnel's operating conditions. This indicates a possible failure of the measuring system. The executed system correctly adjusts the indicated parameters within its tolerance. The system has confirmed its usefulness, effectively reducing the time and labour required for plant care.

Effect of Protection on Guy Wire Related to Corrosion Defects

Guy wires are a powerful mechanical tool used widely in all industries. Most of the applications are employed in supporting tall structures such as antenna, communication towers, transmission lines, electric poles, and erecting flare stacks on an oil and gas platform or plant. Severe wind events such as tornadoes are the primary failurein transmitting line structure in many places worldwide. So, this research aims to investigate the effect of different types of guy wire on corrosion defects. There are many lay and strand design types in the production of guy wire. The two most common are the 7-wires and 19-wires lay. There are four samples with four conditions: the first sample is not protected with any material, the second is protected by lubrication using WD-40, the third is protected using rubber hose casing, and the last is protected by a combination of both lubrication and rubber hose casing technique. The result shows that the sample protected by a combination of lubrication and rubber hose casing has no corrosion defect.

Modeling of the Non-Braided Fabric Composite Rubber Hose for Industrial Hose Pump Design

Due to the harsh operating conditions in an industrial hose pump, accurate numerical simulations of the hose with high speed would be significant but tough. The main goal of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model with the acceptable complexity for a non-braided fabric composite rubber hose used in industrial hose pumps. A finite element model with rebar elements dealing with the non-braided fabric layers is established. Two practical tests for the counter force and profile deformation characteristics of the hose during compressing are designed. The simulation results show a good accuracy. Based on the feasible numerical model, further studies on dependencies of counter force, maximum strain and stress and the area size in contact with the inner surface of the hose on the pressing displacement are carried out, which will help engineers to decide the pressing displacement and cut down the time and cost of prototype testing. The predicted pressing displacements to seal off the hose under different pressures are also given. The methodology of modeling a hose pump hose proposed by this paper is helpful to the fully virtual simulation and design of a hose pump.

Senator Elbert Thomas and the Hope for Industrial Equity

Senator Elbert Thomas and the Hope for Industrial Equity

Torsional structural behavior of composite rubber hose for offshore applications

Composite offshore rubber hose is a key component for offshore oil transfer. In this work, structural behavior of the offshore rubber hose under torsion is studied. A detailed nonlinear finite element model with rebar technique for offshore rubber hose is established, considering the nonlinear material properties and interactions between components. The effects of different winding angles of cords, the pitches of wire helices and the directions of torsion on hose mechanical performance are studied. The finite element model is validated by the test data and can be a predictive tool for the structural performance of rubber hose under torsion. The results show that the forces in the odd numbered cord layers and the even numbered cord layers are totally different and the pitches of the helix wire and the angles of the cords have a great influence on the torsional stiffness of the rubber hose. Also, when the rubber hose is twisted in the clockwise and anti-clockwise directions, the mechanical properties of inner reinforcement plies and outer reinforcement plies are different and the torsional stiffness displays a nonlinear trend. The effects of some design parameters on the torsional stiffness of the hose are investigated and a prediction formula is obtained. This work can provide theoretical basis and calculation methods for the structural design and integrity evaluation of stiffened composite rubber hose.

TEKRARLI MANUEL İŞLERDE FİZYOLOJİK YÜKÜN METABOLİK HIZ MODELLEMESİ İLE ANALİZİ

İş taleplerinin, çalışanların yeteneklerini aşmamasını sağlamak ve bir işi gün boyu yapabilecek düzeyde tutmak ergonomi alanında çalışanların sorumluluğu ve hedefidir. Sürekli performans sınırının üzerinde iş yapması beklenen çalışan yorulur. Yorgunluk; çalışanların iş verimi, sağlığı, güvenliği ve psikolojik dengesi açısından olumsuz etkiler yaratabilmektedir. Metabolik enerji harcama hızı, aşırı miktarda fiziksel yorgunluk biriktirmeden sürekli olarak gerçekleştirilebilecek maksimum iş yoğunluğunu belirlemek için kullanılan fizyolojik bir ölçümdür. Bu çalışmada, kauçuk hortum üretimi yapan bir işletmenin lojistik bölümünde metabolik hız ve enerji yükü değerlendirilmesi, manuel malzeme taşıma işleri için metabolik hız harcama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mevcut durumda çalışanın metabolik enerji harcama hızı 6.564 kcal/dk olarak bulunmuştur. Geliştirilen yeni konveyör sistem ile birlikte metabolik enerji harcama hızı 4.872 kcal/dk ‘ya düşürülerek sınır değerin altında kalması sağlanmıştır.

Development of aeration devices and feeding frequencies for oxygen concentration improvement in 60-tones freshwater recirculating aquaculture and biofloc ponds of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) rearing

This research aimed to improve the technique to maintain the oxygen content of two freshwater Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) culture systems (recirculating aquaculture system; RAS; and biofloc system; Floc). The dissolved oxygen content was increased by using a blower with flexible rubber hose aerators. For the first study, the effectiveness of oxygenation was investigated. As a result, the aerator and flexible rubber hose are appropriate for increasing oxygen levels in the fish pond. An air pump with a flexible aeration tube (400 W), one set of ejector aerators (250 W), and two sets of ejector aerators (250 × 2 W) were used to test the efficiency of oxygenation. In addition, the performance of the RAS and Floc systems, off-flavor (geosmin and MIB) in taints, and economic returns were assessed. This study found that after monitoring two 60-tonne concrete ponds with one set of blowers (RAS1) and two sets of blowers (RAS2) connected by a flexible rubber tube; feeding frequency (2 and 6 times/day). However, daily dissolved oxygen fluctuated in the RAS, and this value went to its lowest after post-feeding. Dissolved oxygen was higher than the two-meal pack per day when the feeding was expanded to six meals. This aeration device could provide dissolved oxygen enough for 900 kg fish/400 W. Seabass raised in the freshwater RAS system had higher yields and growth rates than those raised in the biofloc pond systems. In addition, low off-flavors trained was observed. Therefore, this research could improve aeration management by aeration devices and increase feeding frequency while developing freshwater-adapted Asian seabass production.

Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion

Land degradation caused by erosion processes is a widespread global problem. Rain simulators are one of the tools often used to determine the resistance of soils to erosion processes. The aim of this publication is to present the process of the construction and calibration of a small, portable field simulator which would be implemented in research studies designed to determine the changes in the soils’ shear strength parameters in forested areas (in situ) caused by a change in soil moisture content achieved by the rain simulation. The constructed simulator consists of a metal frame, sprayers (with specific nozzles), a sediment funnel/tray made of metal, water and a sediment collector unit, a water tank and pump, and a set of rubber hoses, manometer, valves, reducers, adapters and other supplementary equipment. The calibration was carried out by using the pluviometric method. The choice of nozzles was based on the criteria of low water consumption (losses), the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) and the possibility of achieving specific downpour intensities for the investigated area. The further calibration of the device consisted of determining the raindrop diameter and the distribution of the rainfall when the simulator is positioned on the slopes (7° and 15°). The achieved rain intensity was 1.7–1.9 mm/min, with a CU of 92.23–93.70% for the raindrop diameters (D&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) equal to 1.2 mm. The kinetic energy of the simulated rain (Ke) was 2.82∙10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt; J. The constructed simulator proved itself to be in accordance with all of the given criteria, and it can successfully be implemented in research studies aimed at determining the resistance of forest soils to erosion processes, infiltration, and sediment yield.

Analisis Iklan Jaminan Saldo Kembali dari Gopay Dalam Perpektif Teori Design Thinking

Improvement of technology is opening an oppurtunity for advertising to display the advertisement in many media. Now the company faces many form of media that can be used as advertising media. One of the media with a positive feedback for advertising media is streaming platform, for exempelr there is Youtube. Recently, GoPay as digital wallet service from GoJek company published an advertisment that have different look, it use two dimension animation format. Rubber Hose is the stlye that represent the style of animation in year 1930s used for the GoPay advertisement this time. This paper will be critisize and analyze based on design thinking theory by Tim Brown that consist of three phase, there are inspiration, ideation, and implementation about an advertisment that tittled “Jaminan Saldo Kembali dari Gopay”.

Design, Develop and Validate Nitrile Hose in Mandrel less Construction

Abstract: This A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section). Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance. Common factors are size, pressure rating, weight, length, straight hose or coil hose, and chemical compatibility. Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from special grades of polyethylene (LDPE and especially LLDPE). Other hose materials include PTFE (Teflon), stainless steel, and other metals. Dredge rubber hoses have a long story, which features high strength and flexibility. A flexible dredging hose widely used in dredgers for silt/gravels conveyance. It is abrasion and wear-resistant to ensure long service life. Types of flexible dredge hose: floating rubber hose, discharge hose, suction hose, armoured hose and ceramic hose. Keywords: Discharge hose, fluid, flexible, suction hose, armoured hose, and ceramic hose

ЩОДО КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ВУЗЛІВ СТИКУВАННЯ СИСТЕМ ТЕРМОСТАТУВАННЯРАКЕТ КОСМІЧНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

The article presents the key results of analysis of the available technical solutions for creating thermal conditioning system interfaces for integrated launch vehicles and describes their drawbacks. The article proposes a new design concept for the interfaces that includes an integrated rubber hose composed of three basic parts attached to the inlet tube of the carrier rocket with the help of a lock/ lock release assembly ensuring air tightness of the thermal conditioning system and disconnection with minimal effort during the launch of the vehicle.

Over the Garden Wall: Contextualizing "Babes in the Woods"

Over the Garden Wall: Contextualizing "Babes in the Woods" My video essay for Dan Simpson’s FILM 456’s scene analysis assignment aims to contextualise episode 8 of Over the Garden Wall entitled Babes in the Woods by analysing its visual, audio, and narrative decisions and comparing them to early animation and western colonial storytelling. Over the Garden Wall uses sound, colour, shapes and animation style to masterfully execute a stylistic and narrative homage to not only early western and colonial stories, but to the origins of the medium it's telling these stories in, that being animation. Through the use of rubber hose animation style, its colour scheme, and its stylistic editing the episode is a visual homage to early animation such as Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1923). A musical montage inspired by the song “Babes in the Woods” not only is a narrative nod to the series as a whole, but pays homage sonically to western folklore. Narratively, the dream sequence is inspired by greek mythology and odyssey with references to Boreas and the Onieri. These aesthetic and narrative decisions masterfully, overtly and subtly pay homage to the serie’s predecessors and make for an effective tribute to the art of storytelling as it’s come before.

Thermographic analysis applied in preventive maintenance (a case study)

The equipment maintenance in an industry contributes to optimize time and economic resources. The integration of new technologies in this activity can help to early detect both electrical and mechanical faults. Thermographic analysis can give an overview of some machine conditions without the need of disassembling parts. This work shows the case study of industrial equipment for extrusion of rubber hoses; the system consists of a series of ovens with temperature controllers, which were suddenly turned off, thus interrupting production. By means of the energy analysis, a variation in the current was detected in the phases of supply to the oven and with the thermographic analysis, a high temperature was observed in one of the fuses of the protection system, which was going to fail due to the high electrical current that demanded one of the ovens. The maintenance recommendations to prevent these failures are presented as results of the study, as well as the analysis of the impact on production and corrective maintenance costs.

Outbreak of Silicosis in Workers Producing Artificial Stone Skirting Boards: A Novel Application of Silica-Based Composites

Outbreak of Silicosis in Workers Producing Artificial Stone Skirting Boards: A Novel Application of Silica-Based Composites

Integration of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing for the eco-design of rubber products

Rubber hoses are a category of rubber products that are widely and intensively employed in construction sites for concrete conveying. There has been lack of study to investigate the life cycle environmental and economic impacts of the rubber hoses as an industrial product. In this study, we analyze four types of rubber hoses with the inner layer made of different rubber composites to resist abrasion, i.e., Baseline, S-I, S-II and S-III. Tests of the wear resistance are carried out in the laboratory and S-III shows high abrasion resisting performance with the concrete conveying volume up to 20,000 m3 during the service life. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) models are established for evaluating the four types of rubber hoses. A target function is developed to integrate LCA and LCC by converting the LCA results to the environmental costs. It is found that S-III can save 13% total cost comparing to Baseline. The production stage is the largest contributor to the environmental single score, while the use stage is the largest contributor to the life cycle cost. Sensitivity analyses are conducted and the results of this study are validated with the previous studies. The integrated method of LCA and LCC developed in this study paves a way for the eco-design of industrial rubber hoses and is potentially applicable to other rubber products.

Estimation of interface friction and concrete boundary layer for 3D printable concrete pumping

3D concrete printing technology is a revolutionary method having multiple benefits over the conventional method of construction. Currently, the 3DCP process is in its initial stage hence required detailed investigation on many points. In the 3DCP process, pumping pressure plays the foremost role as the continuous, uniform and controlled flow of concrete is required to achieve desirable printability. To estimate the pumping pressure effectively, it is necessary to study the pumping parameters & interface friction. The interface friction at boundary layer is largely affected by the concrete composition. The estimation of pumping pressure for conventional concrete was found in past study in which the piston pump and metal pipe was used as a pumping assembly but no work has been found to estimate pumping pressure for 3D printable concrete using progressive cavity pump and high density polyethylene (HDPE) rubber hose pipe. In this study the interface friction between high density polyethylene (HDPE) rubber hose pipe and different 3D printable concrete mix was estimated by performing tribometer test. Effect of 3D printable concrete composition on thickness of boundary layer was also studied. From the experimental results, it was found that the interface friction is decreasing with the more workable concrete mix and the boundary layer (BL) was formed by the cement, water & smaller size of sand particles (<1.18 mm).

INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SEPARATION OF GLYCEROL-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FROM BIOFUELS

Transport consumes about 20% of the world's primary energy, mainly oil. This situation is unacceptable for countries that do not have their own oil reserves and want a stable economy and energy independence. Communities in many countries recognize that these problems continue to accompany the use of road transport and have long paid serious attention to the use of alternative fuels for vehicles, including biofuels, natural gas and hydrogen. However, in the current increase in the number of food industry facilities, it is necessary to deal with food products that have a negative impact on the environment (food fats). According to some data, the amount of garbage per day can range from a few kilograms to tens of tons. Approximately 90% of diesel biofuels (DBs) are mainly derived from processed oils and raw materials, including fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin that are recyclable. Biofuel is a biologically harmless product. In contact with water, the wine does not harm aquatic flora and fauna. In water or soil, it undergoes almost complete biological decomposition. Combustion of diesel biofuels emits much less carbon dioxide (CO2) than combustion of conventional fuels. Of course, there are drawbacks. First, biofuels have low frost resistance. Undiluted biofuel damages rubber hoses and gaskets. Biofuels have a certain shelf life. Due to increased maintenance costs, deposits can contaminate fuel equipment and filters during operation. Particular attention should be paid to the free glycerin that remains during production. The article considers biofuel production technologies and methods of glycerin removal. The focus is on devices that allow you to remove glycerin mobile. As a result, a faucet was proposed in which a filter was installed to remove residual glycerin and a study of its operation using the FlowVision program was performed. The simulation model of operation of the mixer with reception of indicators of its work is executed.

An unusual case of suicide due to carbon monoxide poisoning from a barbecue

In recent years, fatal cases of carbon monoxide poisoning have only rarely been encountered in clinical and forensic practice compared to other xenobiotics. These are most often accidents, but cases of suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning have also been reported. In cases of suicidal poisoning, carbon monoxide has most often been obtained from car exhaust fumes supplied into a car cabin with rubber hoses. This paper presents an unusual case of suicide by poisoning with carbon monoxide from a charcoal garden grill. A 19-year-old male lit a charcoal garden grill in a closed room where all gaps around the door were sealed with adhesive tape. An investigation revealed that the deceased had obtained information on the technical aspects of suicide from a person of unknown identity who he had met on the Internet. The analysis of this case indicates that the Internet is a significant source of information on the toxicity of various substances and how to use them, including for suicidal purposes.

Rrestoration (Repair) Methods of the Lower Surfaces of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Forming a Mixture into a Formwork

The article presents technological solutions that can be used to restore and strengthen significant areas of the lower surfaces of span reinforced concrete structures, as well as minor deep damage of the lower surface of reinforced concrete structures. This method is used to repair fragmentary damage of the lower surfaces of structures. The presented methods consist in preparation of the base, arrangement of the formwork, and feeding repair mixture into the shuttering through the holes in the structure or in the shuttering. &#x0D; The method of restoring large surfaces consists in feeding a high-mobility non-shrinkable concrete mixture into the gap between the restored structure and the previously arranged formwork. After preparing the base, at the highest points of the damaged structure through-holes are drilled to supply the concrete mixture, release air and control the filling of the cavity with the mixture. The fixed formwork panels must completely cover the restored part of the structure and partially extend onto the undamaged surface of the structure. The prepared concrete mixture is fed through a funnel into the hole until the cavity and holes are completely filled up with it and vibrate. After a day, the formwork is removed and moistened for 3 days.&#x0D; To repair minor deep damage to the lower surfaces of reinforced concrete structures is performed by feeding a highly mobile non-shrinkable mixture into the space between the structure and pre-mounted formwork is performed using a syringe for soluble mixtures. Holes are drilled in the formwork to release air and supply the mortar. Flexible tubes are installed in the holes. A syringe with the prepared solution is connected to the rubber tube and filled the cavity. After the mixture begins to come out through the air release tube, it is removed, and a plug is installed in the hole. When the cavity of the damaged fragment is completely filled, the rubber hose is bent and fixed in this position, and the syringe for the solution is disconnected. After 5 hours, the restored fragment is stripped and looked after.&#x0D; The proposed methods make it possible to carry out high-quality repair work on the lower surfaces of spans without using special complex equipment, which reduces the cost of repair work.